Tm~(3+)掺杂Ge-Ga-S玻璃微球-石英光纤锥耦合系统的荧光回廊模特性

以熔融淬冷法自制了Tm~(3+)掺杂Ge-Ga-S硫系玻璃,并以此为基质材料,用漂浮粉料熔融法制备了直径分布为50—200μm的高品质因数(Q10~4)的有源硫系玻璃微球谐振腔.在显微镜下优选出一颗表面质量好、球形度较高、直径为72.84μm的微球,与氢氧焰扫描拉锥法制备的一根腰锥直径为1.93μm的石英光纤锥进行近场耦合.根据基质材料的吸收光谱特性,选用808 nm的半导体激光器作为抽运源.实验测得光纤锥倏逝波场激发出了掺Tm~(3+)硫系玻璃微球在1460 nm附近的荧光回廊模式,其典型共振峰间隔为4.39 nm.实验测得的荧光回廊模式与米氏散射理论计算结果符合度较高(最大误差仅为0.047%),验证了本文提出的掺Tm~(3+)硫系微球制备及耦合工艺的可行性.     

无源Ge_(28)Sb_(12)Se_(60)硫系玻璃微球谐振腔的制备及其光学回廊模式表征

为了对硫系玻璃微球谐振腔在中短红外波段的光学回廊模式进行理论研究和实验表征,用熔融淬冷法制备了组分为Ge28Sb12Se60的无砷环保型硫系玻璃,并在此基础上采用漂浮粉末熔融法批量制备出直径分布为50~200μm的微球谐振腔.在显微镜下挑选出直径分别为112.01μm和57.63μm的一大一小两颗微球与自制石英微纳光纤锥进行近场耦合实验,以窄带宽可调谐激光器为泵浦源测试此耦合系统在1 530~1 560nm波段的光谱.光谱中明显观测到由微球回廊模式谐振引起的等间距分布的光谱吸收峰.小球、大球的吸收峰间距分别为5.22nm和2.60nm,与米氏散射理论计算得出的一阶TE回廊模谐振峰间距基本相符.实验结果表明新型Ge28Sb12Se60硫系玻璃有望在红外微球光子器件如窄带滤波器、微球喇曼激光器、高灵敏度传感器等领域获得重要应用.     

808 nm LD激发下高折射率差光纤锥-硫卤微球耦合系统的荧光回廊模

用熔融淬冷法制备了0.5wt.%掺杂Nd3+:75GeS2-15Ga2S3-0CsI(0.5wt.%Nd-GGSI)硫卤玻璃.在此基础上以玻璃粉料漂浮熔融法制备出粒径为50~300μm高折射率(n≈2.1)玻璃微球,并在显微镜下选出表面质量高的硫卤微球用于后续实验.将火焰法拉制出的直径1~2μm间的双锥形石英微纳光纤与硫系微球进行近场耦合.相位匹配条件下测试结果表明光纤锥倏逝场将激发球内径向高阶回音壁模式.实验测量了在808nm LD激光泵浦下直径110μm微球的荧光光谱特性,结果表明:掺Nd3+硫卤微球在输出端1 075nm波段附近产生了等间距分布的荧光回音壁模式的光学谐振,共振峰间隔为1.80nm.实验结果与微球腔回音壁模式谐振的理论模型有较高的符合度.     

高激光损伤阈值Ge-As-S硫系玻璃光纤及中红外超连续谱产生

测量了Ge-As-S系列硫系玻璃在中红外波段的飞秒激光损伤阈值,研究了它与玻璃化学组成的关系.基于优化的玻璃组成,采用棒管法制备了芯径为15μm的阶跃折射率非线性光纤.采用飞秒脉冲抽运光纤,研究了光纤中超连续谱(supercontinuum,SC)的产生特性.在研究的Ge-As-S硫系玻璃中,具有化学计量配比的Ge0.25As0.1S0.65玻璃显示出最高的激光损伤阈值.以该玻璃作为纤芯材料、以与其相匹配的Ge0.26As0.08S0.66玻璃作为包层材料制备的光纤的数值孔径约为0.24,背景损耗<2 dB/m.采用4.8μm的飞秒激光抽运长度为10 cm的光纤,获得了覆盖2.5-7.5μm的SC.这些结果表明,Ge-As-S硫系玻璃光纤是一种有潜力的中红外高亮度宽带SC产生的非线性介质.     

硫系As_2S_3悬吊芯光纤制备及其光谱性能研究

硫系玻璃材料具有极高的线性和非线性光学性能,在此基础上制备的悬吊芯结构的硫系光纤较之石英玻璃光纤或普通结构硫系玻璃光纤具备非线性更高、零色散点可调和红外透过光谱宽等特性,因此在红外波段的光谱展宽及化学生物传感等方面均具有非常重要的应用潜能。根据硫系玻璃悬吊芯光纤及超连续(SC)谱的研究发展,提出一种通过挤压高纯块状硫系玻璃制备理想结构的四孔硫系玻璃悬吊芯光纤的方法。该新型机械挤压法保证了玻璃性能稳定和光纤结构可调的特性。获得了低损耗(波长为3.8μm处的损耗仅为0.17 d B/m)的硫系悬吊芯光纤,此外分别测试了玻璃和光纤的相关光学性能。进一步讨论了As2S3玻璃样品的可见及红外透过性能及光纤的传输损耗谱、传输模式,利用中红外光参量放大激光光源(OPA)抽运光纤,获得了SC谱的产生,其展宽光谱在红外区域最宽可达3000 nm(1500~4500 nm),理论展宽可达6000 nm。     

热压法制备的碲酸盐玻璃微盘

提出一种热压法制备微盘激光器的工艺,仅使用实验室常用电阻加热炉具即可制备出不同直径/厚度的微盘激光器.选用TeO_2-ZnO-Na_2O碲酸盐玻璃为基质材料,制备出直径分布在100—400μm范围内、最小厚度可达8μm、典型品质因数(Q值)约为10~5的微盘激光器.对碲酸盐玻璃基质材料掺入稀土离子Nd~(3+)和Tm~(3+),通过光纤锥耦合法开展微盘的抽运耦合实验,即可在耦合系统的输出光谱中获得明显的荧光回廊模式和激光模式.以一颗直径为105.74μm、厚度为10.4μm的Nd~(3+)掺杂微盘为例,当抽运光功率提升至1.364 mW以上时,即可在1.06μm附近获得激光峰.同样实验表明,对Tm~(3+)掺杂的微盘进行抽运耦合实验可获得1.9μm附近的激光峰.     

Nd~(3+)掺杂硫系玻璃微球荧光腔量子电动力学增强效应

采用粉料漂浮高温熔融法自制Nd3+掺杂硫系玻璃微球,研究了腔量子电动力学增强效应对稀土掺杂硫系玻璃微球荧光光谱的影响。把直径90.53μm的硫系玻璃微球与锥腰直径1.02μm的石英光纤锥耦合,将808nm抽运激光导入微球,荧光光谱存在分立的共振峰。根据米氏散射理论公式,计算得到TE偏振态下基模的三个共振峰位置,确定了这三个共振峰的模式序数。增强因子η≈1122,这表明微球荧光自发辐射速率增强幅度为1122倍。在基模条件下对原增强因子公式进行近似化简,并利用近似公式进行估算得到η≈1167,误差为4%。     

低零色散Ge-Ga-Se-CsI硫卤玻璃

从玻璃组分与玻璃光学折射率分布及零色散波长位置的影响机理出发,研究低色散卤化物对硫系玻璃的色散调控作用.制备了Ge-Ga-Se-CsI硫卤玻璃,利用差示扫描量热仪、红外椭偏仪、红外光谱仪等测试了该玻璃的物化性质,分析了原料和玻璃提纯工艺、CsI含量对玻璃形成以及透过范围的影响,并计算了该玻璃的材料色散.实验结果表明:该玻璃的透过范围可覆盖可见光至中远红外波段(0.55~18μm);该玻璃的材料零色散点随着CsI含量的增加明显蓝移,摩尔百分比为20%和40%的CsI含量可使该玻璃材料的零色散波长蓝移至3.5μm和1.5μm附近,且该玻璃的热稳定性较好,有利于低色散中红外光纤的制备和应用.结合玻璃提纯技术和高温聚合物保护拉丝光纤拉丝工艺,获得了最低损耗为8.2dB/m的单折射率硫卤玻璃光纤.     

超低损耗硫系光纤制备与中红外激光传输性能

硫系玻璃作为一种优秀的红外材料,具有透过范围广、物化性能稳定、易于成纤等特点,是制备红外传能光纤的理想材料之一。从硫系玻璃吸收损耗抑制和散射损耗抑制两方面入手,采用气（氯气）/气（玻璃蒸汽）、固（铝）/液（玻璃熔液）化学反应除杂方式降低光纤吸收损耗,建立了三维激光显微成像系统,检测玻璃及光纤内部的微米和亚微米量级的缺陷,优化制备工艺降低光纤散射损耗,制备出损耗为0.087 dB/m(@4.778μm)的硫系玻璃光纤。分别利用光纤激光器（波长为2.0μm）和双波长输出的光学参量振荡器（OPO）激光器（波长为3.8μm和4.7μm）进行激光传能实验,在单模光纤和多模光纤中分别实现了6.10 W(@2.0μm)和6.12 W(@3.8μm和4.7μm)激光传输。     

掺钕微球的受激辐射激光和自受激拉曼散射

采用溶胶-凝胶法在SiO_2微球表面覆盖上一薄层Nd~(3+)掺杂SiO_2,并经电极放电熔融后形成表面光滑的高Q值微球.采用锥光纤将808 nm的抽运激光耦合入钕离子掺杂的高Q值微球形成回廊模,激发产生了1080—1097 nm波段受激辐射激光.由于所产生的激光有足够高的功率密度,在高Q SiO_2微球中激发产生了波长为1120—1143 nm一级自受激拉曼散射激光.推导了锥光纤掺钕微球组合的自受激拉曼散射的输出功率和阈值公式.描述了输出激光的特性:阈值、输出功率、线宽、边模抑制比.     

激光冷却SH~–阴离子的理论研究

本文采用多组态相互作用及Davidson修正方法和全电子基组计算了SH~-阴离子的X~1∑~+,a~3∏和A~1∏态的势能曲线、电偶极矩和跃迁偶极矩.计算的光谱常数与实验值及已有的理论值符合得很好.在计算中考虑了自旋-轨道耦合效应.计算得到a~3∏_1(v'=0)?X~1∑_(0+)~+(v"=0)和A~1∏_1(v'=0)?X~1Σ_(0+)~+(v"=0)跃迁具有高对角分布的弗兰克-康登因子,分别为0.9990和0.9999;计算得到a~3∏_1和A~1∏_1态的自发辐射寿命分别为1.472和0.188 ms.A~1∏_1?X~1∑_(0+)~+跃迁存在中间态a~3∏_(0+)和a~3∏_1,但中间态对激光冷却SH~-阴离子的影响可以忽略.分别利用a~3∏_1(v'=0)? X~1∑_(0+)~+(v"=0)和A~1∏_1(v'=0)? X~1∑_(0+)~+(v"=0)跃迁构建了准闭合的能级系统,冷却所需的激光波长分别为492.27和478.57 nm.最后预测了激光冷却SH~-阴离子能达到的多普勒温度和反冲温度.这些结果为进一步实验提供了理论参数.     

Co-Al-W基高温合金的团簇成分式

Co-Al-W基高温合金具有类似于Ni基高温合金的γ+γ'相组织结构.根据面心立方固溶体的团簇加连接原子结构模型,Ni基高温合金的成分式即最稳定的化学近程序结构单元可以描述为第一近邻配位多面体团簇加上次近邻的三个连接原子.本文应用类似方法,首次给出了Co-Al-W基高温合金的团簇成分式.利用原子半径和团簇共振模型,可计算出Co-Al-W三元合金的团簇成分通式,为[Al-Co_(12)](Co,Al,W)_3,即以Al为中心原子、Co为壳层原子的[Al-Co_(12)]团簇加上三个连接原子.对于多元合金,需要先将元素进行分类:溶剂元素——类Co元素Co (Co, Cr, Fe, Re, Ni,Ir,Ru)和溶质元素——类Al元素Al (Al,W,Mo, Ta,Ti,Nb,V等);进而根据合金元素的配分行为,将类Co元素分为Co~γ(Cr, Fe, Re)和Co~(γ')(Ni, Ir, Ru);根据混合焓,将类Al元素分为Al, W (W, Mo)和Ta (Ta, Ti, Nb, V等).由此,任何多元Co-Al-W基高温合金均可简化为Co-Al伪二元体系或者Co-Al-(W,Ta)伪三元体系,其团簇加连接原子成分式为[Al-Co_(12)](Co_(1.0)Al_(2.0))(或[Al-Co_(12)] Co_(1.0)Al_(0.5)(W,Ta)_(1.5)=Co_(81.250)Al_(9.375)(W,Ta)_(9.375) at.%).其中,γ与γ'相的团簇成分式分别为[Al-Co_(12)](Co_(1.5)Al_(1.5))(或[Al-Co_(12)] Co_(1.5)Al_(0.5)(W,Ta)_(1.0)=Co_(84.375)Al_(9.375)(W,Ta)_(6.250) at.%)和[Al-Co_(12)](Co_(0.5)Al_(2.5))(或[Al-Co_(12)] Co_(0.5)Al_(0.5)(W, Ta)_(2.0)=Co_(78.125)Al_(9.375)(W,Ta)_(12.500)at.%).例如,Co_(82)Al_9W_9合金的团簇成分式为[Al-Co_(12)]Co_(1.1)Al_(0.4)W_(1.4)(～[Al-Co_(12)]Co_(1.0)Al_(0.5)W_(1.5)),其中γ相的团簇成分式为[Al-Co_(12)]Co_(1.6)Al_(0.4)W_(1.0)(～[Al-Co_(12)]Co_(1.5)Al_(0.5)W_(1.0)),γ'相的团簇成分式为[Al-Co_(12)]Co_(0.3)Al_(0.5)W_(2.2)(～[AlCo_(12)]Co_(0.5)Al_(0.5)W_(2.0)).     

柔性Pb(Zr_(0.53)Ti_(0.47))O_3薄膜的高温铁电特性

随着柔性电子产品的迅速发展,具有优异铁电和压电性的Pb(Zr_(0.53)Ti_(0.47))O_3 (PZT)薄膜在柔性的非易失性存储器、传感器和制动器等器件中有广泛的应用前景.同时,由于外部环境越来越复杂,具有高温稳定特性的材料和器件受到越来越多的关注.本文在耐高温的二维层状氟晶云母衬底上,用脉冲激光沉积技术制备出外延的PZT薄膜,并通过机械剥离的方法,得到柔性的外延PZT薄膜.研究了Pt/PZT/SRO异质结的铁电和压电性及其高温特性,发现样品表现出优越的铁电性,剩余极化强度(P_r)高达65μC/cm~2,在弯曲104次后其铁电性基本保持不变,且样品在275℃高温时仍然保持良好的铁电性.本文为柔性PZT薄膜在航空航天器件中的应用提供了实验基础.     

Determination of heavy quark non-perturbative parametersfrom spectral moments in semileptonic B decays

Moments of the hadronic invariant mass and of the lepton energy spectra in semileptonic B decays have been determined with the data recorded by the DELPHI detector at LEP. From measurements of the inclusive b-hadron semileptonic decays, and imposing constraints from other measurements on b- and c-quark masses, the first three moments of the lepton energy distribution and of the hadronic mass distribution, have been used to determine parameters which enter into the extraction of |V_cb| from the measurement of the inclusive b-hadron semileptonic decay width. The values obtained in the kinetic scheme are: and include corrections at order 1/m_b³. Using these results, and present measurements of the inclusive semileptonic decay partial width of b-hadrons at LEP, an accurate determination of |V_cb| is obtained: Received: 26 April 2005, Revised: 16 September 2005, Published online: 16 November 2005     

Multijet production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA and determination of $\alpha_s$

Multijet production rates in neutral current deep inelastic scattering have been measured in the range of exchanged boson virtualities . The data were taken at the ep collider HERA with centre-of-mass energy using the ZEUS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of . Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the k_T cluster algorithm in the longitudinally invariant inclusive mode. Measurements of differential dijet and trijet cross sections are presented as functions of jet transverse energy ( ), pseudorapidity ( ) and Q² with and . Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations describe the data well. The value of the strong coupling constant , determined from the ratio of the trijet to dijet cross sections, is . Received: 1 April 2005, Revised: 28 June 2005, Published online: 30 August 2005     

Tetrapartite entanglement measures of generalized GHZ state in the noninertial frames

Using a single-mode approximation, we carry out the entanglement measures, e.g., the negativity and von Neumann entropy when a tetrapartite generalized GHZ state is treated in a noninertial frame, but only uniform acceleration is considered for simplicity. In terms of explicit negativity calculated, we notice that the difference between the algebraic average $\pi_{4}$ and geometric average $\varPi_{4}$ is very small with the increasing accelerated observers and they are totally equal when all four qubits are accelerated simultaneously. The entanglement properties are discussed from one accelerated observer to all four accelerated observers. It is shown that the entanglement still exists even if the acceleration parameter $r$ goes to infinity. It is interesting to discover that all 1-1 tangles are equal to zero, but 1-3 and 2-2 tangles always decrease when the acceleration parameter $r$ increases. We also study the von Neumann entropy and find that it increases with the number of the accelerated observers. In addition, we find that the von Neumann entropy $S_{\text{ABCDI}}$, $S_{\text{ABCIDI}}$, $S_{\text{ABICIDI}}$ and $S_{\text{AIBICIDI}}$ always decrease with the controllable angle $\theta$, while the entropies $S_{3-3~\rm non}$, $S_{3-2~\rm non}$, $S_{3-1~\rm non}$ and $S_{3-0~\rm non}$ first increase with the angle $\theta$ and then decrease with it.     

Role of the Λ(1600) in the ${K}^{-}p \rightarrow {\rm{\Lambda }}{\pi }^{0}{\pi }^{0}$ reaction

Role of the Λ(1600) is studied in the ${K}^{-}p\to {\rm{\Lambda }}{\pi }^{0}{\pi }^{0}$ reaction by using the effective Lagrangian approach near the threshold. We perform a calculation for the total and differential cross sections by considering the contributions from the Λ(1600) and Λ(1670) intermediate resonances decaying into ${\pi }^{0}{{\rm{\Sigma }}}^{* 0}(1385)$ with ${{\rm{\Sigma }}}^{* 0}(1385)$ decaying into ${\pi }^{0}{\rm{\Lambda }}$. Additionally, the non-resonance process from u-channel nucleon pole is also taken into account. With our model parameters, the current experimental data on the total cross sections of the ${K}^{-}p\to {\rm{\Lambda }}{\pi }^{0}{\pi }^{0}$ reaction can be well reproduced. It is shown that we really need the contribution from the Λ(1600) with spin-parity ${J}^{P}=1/{2}^{+}$, and that these measurements can be used to determine some of the properties of the Λ(1600) resonance. Furthermore, we also plot the π⁰Λ invariant mass distributions which could be tested by the future experimental measurements.     

An exterior solution of the einstein field equations for a rotating infinite cylinder

We give here a new exact solution to the exterior Einstein field equations for a rotating infinite cylinder. The solution is characterized by an everywhere singular metric. In the Papapetrou canonical coordinates, the 3-force acting on a radially moving test particle is $f^\alpha = \left( {G\frac{m}{{\sqrt {\Gamma - \upsilon ^2 } }}{\text{ }}\frac{\lambda }{\rho },{\text{ 0,}} - \frac{m}{{\sqrt {\Gamma - \upsilon ^2 } }}{\text{ }}\frac{{C\upsilon }}{\rho }{\text{ }}} \right)$ where λ>0.f ¹ andf ³ are, respectively, the gravitational and Coriolis forces. The gravitational force is, therefore, repulsive.     

金属-光折变材料复合全息结构对表面等离激元的波前调控

表面等离激元(surface plasmon polaritons, SPPs)控制具有重要意义.表面电磁波全息法是在金属表面设计能有效控制SPP传输的凹槽阵列结构.本文提出一种新的SPP传输的控制方法,利用金属-光折变材料复合全息结构控制SPP传播.在金属表面覆盖一层光折变材料,两束SPP波在光折变材料内干涉生成全息结构,利用此全息结构能够控制SPP的传播.通过时域有限差分法模拟验证,结果显示,通过金属-光折变材料复合全息结构可以有效地控制SPP波束的传输,实现SPP平面波束的单点聚焦、两点聚焦,以及生成零阶和一阶高斯SPP波束.经过优化发现,光折变材料的最佳厚度为3.3μm,最佳折射率调制度为0.06.现有SPP控制器件主要是通过离子束刻蚀,而金属-光折变材料复合全息结构不需要刻蚀,从而扩展了SPP控制的器件的制作方法,为SPPs的全光控制提供了新的思路,使SPP全光控制成为可能,进一步实现了SPP全光开关等功能.