f0（975）和Ф（1020）介子对中子星物质的影响

利用相对论平均场理论，考虑了σ＊，Ф介子及重子八重态{N，P，A，∑^-，∑0,∑＋，Ξ^-，Ξ^0}，研究了中子星的性质．发现当考虑了σ＊，Ф介子的贡献时，超子出现的临界重子数密度降低了，超子数目增加了，超子星的转变密度poH降低了，物态方程变软，最大质量变小而相应的中子星半径增大，中子星的中心重子数密度、中心能量密度和中心压强均降低．     

微小光学的研究现状

叙述了微小光学的新进展，对微小光学基本原理给出了简单概括，并对发展动态进行了评论，在微小光学理方面，讨论了“阵列光学”理论，研究了光学阵列的物与共轭象间的关系；在微小光学器件方面，讨论了变折射率透镜，平面微透镜列阵，衍射光学元件和三维集成光学系统；在应用方面，讨论了和并行光通信，光计算有关的一些新应用。     

全固化单频激光器的控温系统

文章介绍了一种全固化单频激光器的控温系统，该系统利用PID控制原理，针对我们的控制对象，对其参数和整个系统进行了优化设计，并采取一系列抗干扰措施，保证了系统的控制精度和控制速度，用单片机对其多路温度信号的测量和显示进行了程序化控制，有效解决了热敏电阻的非线性问题，简化了系统的硬件结构，该系统体积小，运行可靠，控制精度达0．005℃（4h）。     

怀念核物理学家虞福春教授

回顾了虞福春教授一生的业绩，他是一位杰出的实验物理学家，1950年，他最早发现核磁共振谱线的化学位移，为核磁共振技术在化学领域的应用打开了大门，他测定了许多原子核的自旋和磁矩，为检验核壳结构模型作出了重要贡献，他又是一位优秀的教育家，培养了一大批物理人才，他的教学思想已经影响了几代学生。     

矩孔金属光栅矢量模式理论的数值计算

根据矩孔金属光栅的矢量模式理论，计算了不同入射方向，波长及偏振态情况下衍射场的分布，研究了不同光栅结构对衍射效率，偏振态变化的影响；同时，根据实际需要，加工制作了一批不同深度的矩孔光栅样品，进行了实验测量，并将计算值与实验值进行了比较，两者基本相符。     

CCD变积累控制技术

在分析微光图像噪声特性的基础上，提出了通过对微光图像信号进行积分，抑制随机噪声的方法，发展了ＣＣＤ可变积累控制技术，研制了ＣＣＤ外围驱动控制和视频制式转换系统，使激光图像信号直接在ＣＣＤ电荷包中进行多帧累加，有效地抑制了随机噪声，提高了低照度与低对比情况下的信噪比和灵敏度，同时避免了后续实时处理电路的高原干扰，图像质量有了明显的改善。     

有关力学谱和内耗工作的综合与回顾

本文广泛地收集了有关内耗，力学谱，超声衰减方面的专著及会议文集。反映了20世纪在此领域的英文，俄文出版的书籍。也列出了历次国际会议及前苏联，乌克兰，中国的国内会议。文中包括了点缺陷，电，声子，位错，晶界，电畴等诸方面在内的内耗与力学谱工作。     

用光线矩阵元描述X射线激光输出特性

采用矩阵光学方法，研究了串接多靶，弯曲靶加反射镜“双程放大”Ｘ射线激光输出特性，给出了发散角普遍公式，分析了电子密度梯度分布，反射镜角失调对Ｘ射线激光输出场分布的影响，所得结果与已有实验符合较好，最后，对如何从靶，Ｘ光学元件空间排布来实现衍射极限的输出发散角提出了新的设想，作了半定量的探讨。     

超声测距变结构控制系统的研究

本文在超声测距系统中采用了变结构控制理论，根据所测物体的反射界面和介质性质，自动调节超声波发射换能器的功率，建立了超声测距系统的数学模型，对系统方程进行了理论分析，研究了变结构控制系统的设计方法，并结合应用实例，对钻井法凿井用超声波测井仪中超声测距系统进行了计算机仿真，并在实验室进行了实验。     

应变式压力传感器检测电路的讨论

本文讨论了传统的应变式压力传感器检测电路，给出了改进措施，提高了视在输出，实现了零点调整，补偿了由于温度变化引起的受力弹性体的弹性系数变化和应变片灵敏度系数变化，满足了输出线性度要求。     

Double- and multi-photon pair production and electron-positron entanglement

We investigate entanglement of electrons and positrons produced via absorption by a vacuum of two or several photons from two external electromagnetic waves. The waves are modelled by finite-length focused pulses. Structures of the arising electron and positron wave packets are investigated in the momentum and coordinate representations. Conditional and unconditional widths of these wave packets, as well as the Schmidt number K are found, and they are used to evaluate the degree of entanglement. The conditions are found when entanglement is large. It is shown that the highest entanglement can be reached at nonrelativistic energies of electrons and positrons. Possibilities of observing the entanglement effects in experiments on pair production are discussed.     

Valence and core excitations in rare gas mono- and multilayers: Production,decay, and desorption of neutrals and ions

The aim of this survey is the understanding of the dynamics of medium to high energy excitations in simple condensed systems on very short time scales. For this purpose we examine the modifications of the electronic excitations and their evolution in rare gases (mainly Ar and Kr) due to a nearby metal surface (monolayer case) or by embedding into a rare gas condensate (multilayers). Ionic excitations are shifted to lower energies compared to the gas phase by polarization of the surroundings, while neutral excitations stay constant or are shifted to somewhat higher energies. This decreases the spacing between excitonic and ionic states from both sides. Deexcitation events can be analysed by linewidths for valence excitations, and by comparison of autoionisation and Auger spectra for core excitations. For monolayers, we conclude that excitonic states are unstable relative to ionic states but nevertheless are quite long-lived. For multilayers, only minor modifications relative to the gas phase are usually found. All electronic excitations in Ar and Kr mono- or multilayers lead to desorption of neutrals; core excitations in multilayers also lead to ions and cluster ions. The probable mechanisms in all cases are discussed, and open questions are pointed out.     

高光谱遥感的发展与应用

阐述了高光谱遥感的特点、优势,以及在航空及航天领域的发展情况,列举了几种典型高光谱成像仪的光学系统原理和主要技术指标。在此基础上,概述了高光谱遥感在植被生态、大气环境、地质矿产、海洋、军事等领域的应用情况。最后对高光谱遥感发展趋势提出了几点建议,包括低反射率目标遥感、高信噪比、高空间分辨率及宽覆盖范围等方面。     

Characterization and Modeling of Erbium-Doped Fibers and Integrated Waveguides

In this article several characterization techniques developed by the authors for erbium-doped fibers and integrated waveguides are discussed. These techniques are used to obtain the input parameters in the theoretical models that have been developed, too. In this way optical amplifiers and lasers are studied and optimized for different applications. Comparisons between computed values and experimental results are presented.     

Characterization and Modeling of Erbium-Doped Fibers and Integrated Waveguides

In this article several characterization techniques developed by the authors for erbium-doped fibers and integrated waveguides are discussed. These techniques are used to obtain the input parameters in the theoretical models that have been developed, too. In this way optical amplifiers and lasers are studied and optimized for different applications. Comparisons between computed values and experimental results are presented.     

STM and AFM of bio/organic molecules and structures

Applications of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes in bio/organic researches are reviewed with a special emphasis on the types of researches that are expected to contribute to the creation of a new field of “single molecule biochemistry” in the near future. The reviewed articles within the scope as stated above actually include a fairly broad spectrum of researches. It is, therefore, a hope of the author that this review will be useful to those who are considering biological applications of the probe microscopy techniques but are not quite familiar with the types of experiments that have been done in the past. In the section on scanning tunneling microscopy, identification of chemically distinct functional groups by the difference in their tunneling properties will be discussed as a main focus because it is fundamental for biochemists to identify molecules by their shapes and properties. In the section on atomic force microscopy, recent progresses in the imaging techniques of proteins and DNAs are closely reviewed, and rapidly advancing technologies of single molecule measurements and manipulation of nanometer sized structures are given extensive coverage because the author considers that such new applications are extremely promising to open an entirely new field in biological sciences.     

多脉冲强流直线感应加速器测控系统中仪器通信与控制

多脉冲强流直线感应加速器(LIA)测控系统中仪器设备数量大、种类多、总线类型复杂,其通信和控制直接影响装置运行的可靠性。在硬件上将众多仪器根据功能划分成不同的子系统,每个子系统仪器设备通过必要协议转换后和相应的前端设备服务器连接,然后接入测控系统网络;仪器设备的通信控制软件采用LabVIEW平台进行开发,前端设备服务器中的本地控制程序通过VISA或UDP协议与仪器通信,远程通信采用DataSocket技术;为了应对强烈的电磁干扰和高压冲击,对仪器供电系统以及Marx充电线路进行了多处隔离,同时采取优化网络结构和数据流向、采用UDP协议以及主从模式总线仲裁等措施提高软件的可靠性。这套系统目前应用于多脉冲强流LIA装置的调试试验中,运行稳定可靠,完全满足实验要求。     

Planar Er- and Yb-doped amplifiers and lasers

New results in erbium-doped planar waveguide amplifiers and lasers are presented. The waveguides are produced in silica-on-silicon technology using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Waveguide propagation losses outside the erbium absorption band are improved to values below 0.05 dB/cm for a core–cladding index step of around 1.4%. Amplifier arrays show a net gain of more than 12 dB over the entire C-band. Received: 13 June 2001 / Published online: 23 October 2001     

Concurrence and Quantum Discord in the Eigenstates of Chaotic and Integrable Spin Chains

There has been some substantial research about the connections between quantum chaos and quantum correlations in many-body systems. This paper discusses a specific aspect of correlations in chaotic spin models, through concurrence (CC) and quantum discord (QD). Numerical results obtained in the quantum chaos regime and in the integrable regime of spin-1/2 chains are compared. The CC and QD between nearest-neighbor pairs of spins are calculated for all energy eigenstates. The results show that, depending on whether the system is in a chaotic or integrable regime, the distribution of CC and QD are markedly different. On the other hand, in the integrable regime, states with the largest CC and QD are found in the middle of the spectrum, in the chaotic regime, the states with the strongest correlations are found at low and high energies at the edges of spectrum. Finite-size effects are analyzed, and some of the results are discussed in the light of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.     

Pitfalls and Their Remedies in Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy

Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy in both time and frequency domains provide very useful and accurate information on dynamic processes. Good quality data are essential in obtaining reliable parameter estimates. Distortions of the fluorescence response due to artifacts may have disastrous consequences. We provide here a concise overview of potential difficulties encountered under daily laboratory circumstances in the use of time- and frequency-domain equipment as well as practical remedies against common error conditions, elucidated with several graphs to aid the researcher in visual inspection and quality-control of collected data. A range of artifacts due to sample preparation or to optical and electronic pitfalls are discussed, as are remedies against them. Also recommended data analysis strategies are described.