水环境下布洛芬分子手性转变机制的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论对水环境下布洛芬分子的手性转变机制进行研究。通过寻找水与S和R型布洛芬分子的复合物、水环境下布洛芬分子异构的过渡态及中间体等极值点的结构,绘制了水环境下布洛芬分子手性转变路径的氢转移和中间体异构过程的势能面。结果表明：水环境下布洛芬分子手性转变有两条路径。其氢转移过程均可通过单个和两个水分子作为桥梁实现,最高能垒均来自于手性碳的氢向羰基氧的转移过程,并且都是以2H2O为桥梁时能垒最低。氢在羧基内转移后,手性碳的H再向羰基O转移的能垒为38.25Kcal/mol。手性碳的H先向羰基O转移过程的能垒为40.87Kcal/mol。这都比孤立条件下的能垒73.54 Kcal/mol降低了许多。揭示了水分子在布洛芬分子对映体手性转变过程中的催化作用,说明了布洛芬在体内可以缓慢地实现手性转变的一个原因,同时为进一步实现手性分子的对映体转变调控提供了理论参考。     

孤立条件下布洛芬分子手性转变过程的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,采用6-31+g(d,p)基组,对孤立条件下布洛芬分子的手性转变过程进行研究.通过寻找反应过程中包括过渡态和中间体的各极值点结构,绘制了布洛芬分子手性转变路径反应势能面,分析了各极值点的几何和电子结构特性.结果表明:布洛芬实现从S型到R型手性转变的反应路径有两条.路径1包括三个过渡态和两个中间体,路径2包括四个过渡态和三个中间体.反应路径上最大的能垒是73.54 Kcal/mol,来源于手性碳上的氢向羧基上的氧转移.这一研究为进一步实现一些有重要应用价值的点手性分子手性转变反应调控提供了理论参考.     

钯催化亚烷基环丙基酮开环反应机制的理论研究

在BHandHLYP/6-31G(d,p)（Pd用LANL2DZ基组）计算水平上对钯催化的亚烷基环丙酮开环反应机制进行了理论研究,使用极化连续介质模型（PCM）考虑了溶剂（二氯甲烷）的影响。优势路径计算表明,在反应循环的第一步中,Pd通过与羰基O原子及双键配位形成前驱物1a。随后,由于Pd与碳碳双键和羰基氧原子的配位作用提高了碳碳双键的亲电性,从而使得它很容易和相邻的羰基通过[2＋2]进行环加成反应。此过程涉及一个从“临界中间体”2a到“临界过渡态”tsa2的“临界转化区域”。进一步,C4上的H原子发生迁移形成中间体4a和HPdCl,HPdCl进攻C1-C4键生成中间体5a,最后,通过无能垒的过程,生成产物6a,并释放出Pd催化剂R2。     

钯催化亚烷基环丙基酮开环反应机制的理论研究

在BHandHLYP/6-31G(d,p)（Pd用LANL2DZ基组）计算水平上对钯催化的亚烷基环丙酮开环反应机制进行了理论研究,使用极化连续介质模型（PCM）考虑了溶剂（二氯甲烷）的影响。优势路径计算表明,在反应循环的第一步中,Pd通过与羰基O原子及双键配位形成前驱物1a。随后,由于Pd与碳碳双键和羰基氧原子的配位作用提高了碳碳双键的亲电性,从而使得它很容易和相邻的羰基通过[2＋2]进行环加成反应。此过程涉及一个从“临界中间体”2a到“临界过渡态”tsa2的“临界转化区域”。进一步,C4上的H原子发生迁移形成中间体4a和HPdCl,HPdCl进攻C1-C4键生成中间体5a,最后,通过无能垒的过程,生成产物6a,并释放出Pd催化剂R2。     

钯催化亚烷基环丙基酮开环反应机制的理论研究（英文）

在BHand HLYP/6-31G(d,p)(Pd用LANL2DZ基组)计算水平上对钯催化的亚烷基环丙酮开环反应机制进行了理论研究,使用极化连续介质模型(PCM)考虑了溶剂(二氯甲烷)的影响.优势路径计算表明,在反应循环的第一步中,Pd通过与羰基O原子及双键配位形成前驱物1a.随后,由于Pd与碳碳双键和羰基氧原子的配位作用提高了碳碳双键的亲电性,从而使得它很容易和相邻的羰基通过[2+2]进行环加成反应.此过程涉及一个从"临界中间体"2a到"临界过渡态"tsa2的"临界转化区域".进一步,C4上的H原子发生迁移形成中间体4a和HPd Cl,HPd Cl进攻C1-C4键生成中间体5a,最后,通过无能垒的过程,生成产物6a,并释放出Pd催化剂R2.     

手性硫脲在DMAP条件下对布洛芬类药物的NMR手性识别

通过1H NMR研究了手性硫脲对布洛芬类药物的手性识别.在4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)的参与下,硫脲对布洛芬类化合物显示出良好的识别效果,并且布洛芬对映异构体的α-H NMR信号与硫脲和DMAP无相互干扰.为了检测硫脲/DMAP对手性布洛芬对映体纯度的分析能力,测定了若干ee.(对换体过量百分数)值的布洛芬溶液,与理论值吻合.     

手性固定相NP-HPLC拆分达非那新中间体对映体

采用多糖衍生物手性色谱柱,建立了正相高效液相色谱法(NP-HPLC)拆分达非那新中间体对映体.考察了该对映体在不同手性固定相上的分离趋势及保留顺序,以及流动相组成对该中间体对映体的分离度和洗脱顺序的影响.结果表明:用Chiralpak AD和Chiralcel OJ柱均能实现对映体的有效分离,为达非那新中间体的光学纯度...     

金属/乙腈界面微量水的增强拉曼光谱

本文概述了我们最近利用表面增强拉曼散射技术研究金属 /乙腈界面区痕 /微量水分子的界面行为所取得的进展。研究表明银电极双电层中存在多种吸附模式下的水分子结构。处于非水环境下的水分子的νO H与水系相比存在明显的差别。水分子间的氢键被不同程度地破坏导致几种模式下的水分子νO H均要高于水体系。铂电极表面的研究表明水分子的介入很大程度上限制了铂表面乙腈分子的解离吸附反应。     

用密度泛函方法研究质子化苯基丙酮-水团簇

应用密度泛函B3LYP/631+G(d,p)计算方法,对质子化苯基丙酮水团簇这个弱相互作用体系进行了全自由度能量梯度优化,得到该系列团簇的稳定结构.结果表明,H+C8H8OH2O团簇的形成过程为一无能垒的反应过程,在质子与C8H8O分子中O原子的距离为1.015时达到平衡几何.对H+C8H8O(H2O)n(n=1,2,3)团簇,质子位于C8H8O分子和水分子之间,且随着团簇尺寸的增加,质子与C8H8O分子中O原子之间的距离也增加;C8H8OH+H2O可以视为溶剂壳.而对H+C8H8O(H2O)n(n=4,5,6,7,8)团簇,质子位于两个水分子之间,形成H5O2+结构,即C8H8OH5O2+为该系列团簇的中心结构,新增加的水分子以从不同方向进攻这个中心的方式形成更大尺寸的团簇.     

戊二烯基与氧分子反应的理论研究

用G3B3//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)方法计算了戊二烯基与氧分子反应的势能面．计算结果显示，反应的第一步为戊二烯基与氧分子结合形成两种过氧化加成物，过氧基分别连结在末端C1位置和中间C3位置．在反应的第二步，两种过氧化加成物分别发生一系列氢转移异构化反应和成环异构化反应．最后，这些氢转移异构体和环化异构体分别经过单分子分解通道，生成不饱和醛酮和羟基．共计算了20个稳定态和14个过渡态的结构和能量，通过比较各反应通道的能垒和反应热，提出以C2H3O和C3H4O为最终产物的通道可能是整个反应的主要通道．此外，计算结果还表明一些过C5H7O2自由基可能作为反应体系的长寿命中间体而存在，这与Zils等人的实验观测结果一致．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.