弯曲圆盘驱动的双Helmholtz共振腔换能器

使用双面同相振动的弯曲圆盘换能器驱动双Helmholtz共振腔,既放大了弯曲圆盘换能器弯曲共振频率以下频段的声输出,又利用两个Helmholtz共振腔的同相声源辐射模型实现了在Helmholtz共振频率处的"∞"字形垂直指向性,实现了低频指向性声发射。阐述了换能器实现"∞"字形低频指向性发射的机理,研究了腔体长度、金属圆片厚度及弯曲圆盘边缘简支厚度等关键结构参数对Helmholtz共振频率的影响,求解了换能器的发送电压响应、指向性等参数。依据仿真结果制作了实验样机,在消声水池中进行了电声性能测试。测试结果显示,指向性形状及液腔共振频率与仿真结果基本相符。这种由弯曲圆盘驱动的双Helmholtz共振腔水声换能器为实现水声换能器小尺寸、低频指向性发射提供了一种技术手段。      

多谐振宽带Janus-Ring换能器

提出了一种多谐振宽带Janus-Ring换能器,两个一定距离的压电圆环换能器(Ring换能器)嵌套在双面纵振Janus换能器的两端,Ring换能器的径向振动、Janus换能器的纵振动与它们中间形成的Helmholtz液腔振动相耦合,可大大拓展换能器的工作带宽。使用有限元方法设计并研制了Janus-Ring换能器样机,经测试在1.8~8.0 kHz范围内,样机最大发射电压响应144 dB,起伏小于6 dB。相比传统的Janus-Helmholtz换能器,Janus-Ring换能器有效拓展了工作频带,增大了发射电压响应,减小了频带内的发射电压响应起伏。      

两端开口圆柱形液腔低频谐振辐射特性

为研究两端开口圆柱形液腔的低频谐振辐射特性,建立了其在低频近似条件下的分布参数模型,由电-力-声类比得到了等效振动模型,给出了无声负载下的谐振频率表达式。随后利用“长度等效方法”建立了液腔在辐射条件下的自辐射等效模型和声场辐射等效模型,给出了液腔的修正长度、谐振频率及指向性函数,并讨论了弹性壁条件下的情况。结合有限元法研究了刚性(弹性)壁条件下,圆管结构特征参量对液腔一阶谐振频率的影响规律,给出了自辐射等效模型满足求解精度的条件,并利用压电效应激励液腔一阶谐振,讨论了其声场辐射特性。对比结果表明:液腔一阶谐振频率的等效模型计算值与有限元仿真值符合较好,误差低于5%;液腔的修正长度为4a/π,液腔在一阶谐振下近似呈“∞”型指向性。此模型将两端开口圆柱形液腔类比为“液体圆棒”,即可将液腔视作液腔类水声换能器结构的一部分,提供了从分布参数模型角度分析此类换能器工作机理与辐射特性的理论支撑。     

Janus-Helmholtz换能器的弱辐射耦合机理与带宽特性

针对Janus-Helmholtz(JH)换能器频带内响应起伏较大、模态耦合机制尚不明确的问题,提出了振动模态声辐射独立建模方法.该方法建立换能器各个振动模的独立有限元模型,在仿真计算中将位移载荷直接加载在辐射面上,分析振动模的辐射声场.通过各个结果的对比分析,观察到JH换能器声辐射模态的弱耦合规律,最终给出JH换能器...     

低频三阶超心形指向性声源设计

为提高圆周阵列主极大的指向性增益,提出基于圆周等间距六元密排阵的低频三阶超心形指向性声源,利用点源方法对其波束特性进行研究与分析,得到了指向性声源的优化方案。以具有弱互辐射效应的单边辐射弯张换能器作为圆周密排阵阵元,利用有限元方法分析了三阶超心形指向性声源的声辐射特性,相比单极子声源,其主极大方向指向性增益为8.0 dB,可达到提高增益的目的。研制了实验样机,经水池实验获得该声源的工作特性:谐振频率为0.92 kHz,对应发送电压响应级为139.0 dB,-3 dB波束宽度为56.0°,各旁瓣小于-15.0 dB。有限元计算与实测结果验证了优化方案的可行性,实现了低频三阶超心形指向性发射。     

球冠型换能器声辐射指向性分析

为了研究球冠型换能器的声辐射特性,在分离变量法求解球面坐标系下波动方程的基础上,采用基于球谐基傅里叶变换及边界条件的求解模型,给出了球冠型换能器声辐射的远场声压计算表达式和远场指向性表达式;仿真计算了球冠换能器的远场指向性随球冠极角、球半径及振动频率变化的特性,球冠所在球障板的直径和介质中声波的波长比决定着球冠声辐射指向性,在低频或波长大于球障板直径时,球冠声辐射呈无指向性,随着频率的增高即波长的减小或者球障板直径的增大,球冠声辐射的指向性越明显,波束开角越趋向于球冠的开角,而且波束开角内出现波浪状起伏越明显;试制了高频球冠型换能器基阵,测试了换能器基阵300 kHz的指向性,测试结果与理论计算相符合,验证了理论计算表达式的正确性,可为设计球冠型换能器及基阵提供理论指导。      

低频宽带大功率“星型”柱面发射换能器

提出一种具有水平无指向性、低频、宽带、大功率特点的新结构换能器——“星型”柱面发射换能器,换能器由共享后质量块的6个复合棒换能器按“星型”方式组成柱面结构。采用有限元方法对换能器进行了分析设计并制作了换能器样机。在1—10 kHz内,换能器有3个主要工作模态,前两阶工作模态对换能器工作带宽的展宽有贡献,第三阶模态显示出较强的指向性,水池测试换能器具有1倍频程的工作带宽,最大声源级为199.1 dB。有限元模拟结果和实验结果符合较好。研究结果表明,新结构换能器在满足水平无指向性的前提下,利用复合棒的纵振及辐射面的弯曲振动实现了低频、宽带、大功率的要求,提供了一种设计该特性换能器的新思路。      

水声共形阵辐射指向性计算方法及其实验验证

用边界元方法,给出了水声发射换能器共形阵各阵元的单元指向性以及基阵的自然波束指向性和束控波束指向性。首先建立了换能器共形阵的边界元模型,并根据换能器结构和声传播介质建立了模型的边界条件,计算了其辐射指向性。然后在消声水池中对共形阵各阵元以及基阵的辐射指向性进行了实验测量。将理论计算结果与实验测量结果进行了对比,二者吻合得比较好。研究结果表明:基于边界元方法建立的模型及计算方法,对基阵的辐射指向性进行理论计算和预报是可行的。     

铁镓Janus-Helmholtz换能器非线性驱动

利用磁路法理论分析了磁阻对铁镓驱动磁场的影响,结果表明磁路中无永磁体时铁镓驱动磁场是有永磁体时的5倍以上,结合铁镓材料近似线性区小的特点,提出了一种无偏场非线性驱动方式。首先利用帕德逼近方法近似铁镓材料的磁化过程,得到磁场强度与磁致伸缩应变的关系,进而得到驱动电信号表达式,在此基础上提出了铁镓换能器的非线性驱动模型。设计研制了无偏场铁镓Janus-Helmholtz换能器样机,通过振动特性实验分析验证非线性驱动模型的可行性,最后在水中测试了换能器的发射性能。测试结果表明,采用无偏场非线性驱动的换能器在驱动电流为9.4 A时,声源级可达到198.2 dB,相对于永磁偏置磁场的换能器,声源级高了4 dB,发射性能得到了明显的提升。     

200℃偶极发射换能器研究

高温偶极子发射换能器是200℃高温多极子阵列声波测井仪器研发需要攻克的主要核心关键技术问题之一。针对这一问题,该文从材料选型和工艺改良两个方面开展技术攻关,研发了耐温达200℃偶极子发射换能器,样机耐温性能测试表明其能够在200℃下连续工作12 h而不损坏,声性能测试样机最大发射电压响应为124 dB,具有与现用换能器相当的辐射性能,样机尺寸及工作频率与现用换能器几乎完全一致,可以方便地对现用仪器进行升级。目前搭载该样机的仪器已经通过孤古8实验井测试,并在新疆顺北油田现场近9000 m井下取得高质量数据,达到设计目的。该文为开展更高温换能器研发提供了详细的研究思路。     

Outer cavity Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer

The outer cavity Janus-Helmholtz with sound insulation layer is presented for obtaining the capacity of high-power non-directional transmitting. The radiation efficiency and directivity in the 0 degrees direction can be improved when the radiation mode is changed by laying sound insulation layer. The operating bandwidth can be expanded effectively by the dual mode coupling between the cavity vibration and longitudinal vibration of Janus transducer. A prototype is designed by finite element method. Test results show that the results are in good agreement with the design results. Compared with inner cavity Janus-Helmholtz transducer,acoustic radiation performance of outer cavity Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer in the 0 degrees direction has been significantly improved.     

磁致伸缩换能器辐射板形状对声场分布的影响

磁致伸缩换能器可作为热声制冷机的声源装置,辐射板的形状直接影响声压输出效率,从而影响制冷效果。为提高换能器工作效率、减小换能器体积,辐射板需在Terfenol-D棒的激励下产生大振幅、高频率的活塞振型。针对这一问题,应用ATILA软件分析了磁致伸缩换能器辐射板形状对谐振腔振动幅频特性的影响以及对谐振腔内声场分布的影响。结果表明:相同激励条件下,凹球面辐射板出现活塞振型时振幅最大,对应谐振腔中声压幅值最高;谐振腔端面形状为凹球面时,具有聚焦声压幅值的作用;端面形状为凹发射端-凸反射端组合的谐振腔内声压幅值最高。以上结论为合理设计辐射板、谐振腔两端面组合形状提供了参考。     

Multi-resonant broadband Janus-Ring transducer

A Janus-Ring(JR) transducer with two piezoelectric rings placed around a Janus driver is presented.The rings have radial vibration,whereas the Janus has longitudinal vibration,and a resonance of Helmholtz cavity is observed between them.By joining the three resonances,the working frequency bandwidth of the transducer is prominently widened.After simulation using finite element method,a prototype is finally fabricated and tested.Results show that in the working frequency of 1.8 to 8.0 kHz,the maximum transmitting voltage response(TVR) is 144 dB,and the fluctuations are less than 6 dB.Compared with traditional Janus-Helmholtz transducers,the JR transducer has the characteristics of wider bandwidth,greater TVR,and less fluctuations of TVR in working frequency band.     

圆环状复合材料高频宽带水声换能器

研制了一种圆环状高频宽带水声换能器。利用压电复合材料Q值低从而频带宽的特点,采用双环轴向堆叠产生双模态耦合的结构方式拓宽换能器的带宽。通过理论分析与仿真计算,确定敏感元件几何尺寸。用切割-浇注-被覆电极等工艺制备出压电复合材料圆环;再将制备出的外径相同,壁厚不等的压电复合材料圆环轴向叠堆制成叠堆敏感元件,最后灌注防水透声层制成换能器。对制得的换能器进行水下性能测试,测得该换能器谐振频率为410 kHz,最大发射电压响应为150 dB,-3 dB带宽达60 kHz,水平指向性开角(-5 dB)为360°,-3 dB垂直指向性开角约20°。结果表明将复合材料圆环轴向堆叠可显著拓展换能器的带宽,且实现声波的水平全向发射。      

A wideband combined transducer for measuring system in sound tube

A wideband transducer for sound tube system is presented,which combines longitudinal transducer and ClassⅣflextensional transducer to improve the performance at low frequency and broaden the working band.The equivalent circuit is obtained and used to analyze the coupling mechanism between longitudinal transducer and flextensional transducer.A prototype of the transducer is developed after optimizing the electro-acoustic performances by Finite Element Method.The standing wave in the sound tube stimulated by this transducer has been studied and the sound absorbing coefficients of two acoustic materials samples are measured using this sound tube,which shows that the transducer can meet the requirements of acoustic material measurement with the working band ranging from 1.4 kHz to 23 kHz.     

Radiation from finite cylindrical shell with irregular-shaped acoustic enclosure

In practical situations, large machinery is usually placed in an underwater vessel and changes the acoustic enclosure shape into an irregular one. The existence of machinery causes the difficulties in expressing sound transmission and radiation analytically. In this study, the sound radiation of a cylindrical shell excited by an internal acoustic source is modeled and analyzed. The cylindrical shell contains a machine modeled as a rectangular object, which is attached to a shell with a spring-mass system. The acoustic field of the cavity is computed by the integro-modal approach. The effect of object size on the coupling between acoustic mode and structural mode is investigated. The relationship between object volume and sound radiation is also studied. Numerical results show that the existence of objects inside vessels leads to a more effective coupling between the structure and acoustic enclosure than the existence of no objects in a regular-shaped cavity(i.e. empty vessel).     

宽体液腔Janus-Helmholtz换能器

本文使用有限元方法对宽体液腔Janus-Helmholtz(JH)换能器进行了仿真分析,得出了壳体宽度拓展增量对JH换能器工作性能的影响规律。使用三维建模的方式,分析了连接部分对换能器性能的影响及宽体壳体的的模态,证明了三维建模的必要性。依据仿真优化结构设计了一款宽体液腔JH换能器并进行了湖上测试。最终测试结果与仿真结果有很好的一致性,相较直筒JH换能器其谐振频率降低300Hz,发射电压响应最高可达144dB。     

Elimination of standing wave effects in ultrasound radiation force excitation in air using random carrier frequency packets

The ultrasound radiation force has been used for noncontact excitation of devices ranging from microcantilevers to acoustic guitars. For ultrasound radiation force excitation, one challenge is formation of standing waves between the ultrasound transducer and the device under test. Standing waves result in constructive/destructive interference causing significant variations in the intensity of the ultrasound field. The standing-wave induced intensity variations in the radiation force can result from minor changes in the transducer position, carrier frequency, or changes in the speed of sound due to changes in ambient temperature. The current study demonstrates that by randomly varying the ultrasound carrier frequency in packets, it is possible to eliminate the negative consequences resulting from the formation of standing waves. A converging ultrasound transducer with a central frequency of 550 kHz was focused onto a brass cantilever. The 267 Hz resonance was excited with the ultrasound radiation force with a carrier frequency that randomly varied between 525 kHz to 575 kHz in packets of 10 cycles. Because each packet had a different carrier frequency, the amplitude of standing wave artifacts was reduced by a factor of 20 compared to a constant frequency excitation of 550 kHz.