应用核磁共振进行聚驱后泡沫驱油特性研究

采用并联岩心进行聚驱后泡沫驱油实验,利用核磁共振技术,对驱替后岩心的不同直径孔隙内的流体分布进行了研究,得到了水驱、聚合物驱、泡沫驱替阶段的驱出油的孔径范围以及剩余油分布.实验结果表明,与水驱和聚合物驱相比,泡沫驱增大了波及的孔径的范围.泡沫可以在水驱和聚驱易发生窜流的大孔径通道形成封堵,从而波及到了水驱和聚驱未波及到的孔径,不但大幅度的提高了低渗岩心的采收率,也驱出了部分高渗岩心的小孔径的油.     

多组分水溶液中的石油磺酸盐与OP—10的荧光发射光谱

含苯氧基的非离子型和阴离子型表面活性剂在一定激发波长下可发出特定波长的荧光，在稀溶液中荧光发射强度与其浓度成正比，不受溶液里存在的其他物质的影响，在适当条件下相互之间也无影响。本文报道了用荧光检测复合驱油体系中的ＯＰ１０、石油磺酸盐和ＯＰ１０＋石油磺酸盐的结果。此法选择性高，灵敏度高，操作简便，可望用于复合驱油体系中表面活性剂的分析、研究。     

磁处理水蒸汽对驱油效率影响的研究

新疆有极其丰富的稠油资源，注蒸汽采油是一种世界上发展比较成熟、行之有效的新工艺。目前，蒸汽吞吐技术在克拉玛依油田已得到了广泛应用，蒸汽驱先导试验也取得了可喜的进展。为了通过多种途径提高采收率、降低汽油比，我们试图对注入井下的饱和水蒸汽磁化，利用水蒸汽磁处理后产生一定的磁效应，提高驱油效率。     

复杂微通道内非混相驱替过程的格子Boltzmann方法

本文采用改进的基于伪势模型的格子Boltzmann方法研究复杂微通道内的非混相驱替问题.这种方法克服了原始伪势模型中计算结果对网格步长的依赖.首先用Laplace定律验证模型的正确性,然后用该方法研究壁面润湿性、粗糙结构、黏性比以及距离对非混相驱替过程的影响.模拟结果表明:与壁面粗糙结构和黏性比相比,壁面润湿性的影响是决定性的因素.随着接触角的增加,驱替效率增加,当接触角大于某一值后,驱替效率不再变化;随着黏性比的增加,驱替效率增加;而壁面粗糙性对驱替过程的影响较复杂,只有凸起半圆的半径在一定范围内增加时,驱替效率增加;距离较小时将促进驱替过程.     

基于低场核磁共振技术的储层可动油饱和度测试新方法

在评价储层的可动用储量时,可动油饱和度是重要参考参数之一．为了准确测试储层的可动油饱和度,在借鉴可动流体饱和度测试方法的基础上,提出了通过结合低场核磁共振技术和油驱水、水驱油离心实验来测试可动油饱和度的新方法．选取马岭油田的24块岩样进行了可动油饱和度实验,实验结果表明：2.28 MPa、0.22 MPa分别是低渗砂岩油驱水和水驱油离心实验的合理离心力;24块岩样的可动油饱和度分布为17.06%~60.49%,平均为41.95%;可动油饱和度主要由0.5 mm以上的喉道控制,喉道半径越大,控制的可动油越多;可动油饱和度与渗透率的相关系数达到0.845,要好于与孔隙度的相关性．实验结果较符合目标区块的实际情况,证明了通过该新方法来测试岩心可动油饱和度是可行的,改进了仅根据油相T₂谱的左峰和右峰测试可动油饱和度的传统方法．     

黏弹性聚合物驱驱替动态与不同注入参数分析

基于质量守恒定律,建立三相五组分考虑聚合物弹性增黏、降低残余油和稠油黏弹性效应的聚合物驱数学模型,并采用IMPES方法进行求解.计算分析表明,黏弹性聚合物驱可降低残余油饱和度,增加驱油体系黏度,提高原油采收率;采收率随注入浓度增大先迅速增加后趋于稳定,最优值为2 000 mg·L^-1;随注入速度先增加后降低,存在最优值;随聚合物段塞增大先迅速增加后缓慢增加并趋于稳定,最佳注入量约为0.6 PV;随原油松弛时间增加呈线性增加.     

微孔道聚合物溶液驱替残余油变形研究

为了进一步研究聚合物溶液驱替岩心微孔道中残余油的流动规律,探索驱替液弹性对残余油变形的影响规律,进一步研究黏弹性驱替液对岩心微孔道中残余油的驱替机理,运用非牛顿流体力学理论建立流动方程,采用数值计算方法求解残余油的变形。计算结果表明:随着We数的增大,残余油的前进角逐渐增大,后退角逐渐减小,变形指数逐渐增大,起始阶段变形指数按照线性规律增加,后成抛物线型增加。较高的浓度或分子量的聚合物溶液都会显著地增加其弹性,使得残余油产生显著的变形,更有利于残余油的运移或剥离,从而验证了数值计算所得的结果——弹性可增大残余油的变形,提高驱油效率,进一步提高原油采收率,这就是聚驱提高原油采收率的水动力学机理。     

ICP-AES测定三元复合驱采出液中硅含量分析研究与应用

应用ICP-AES测定三元复合驱采出液中硅含量,选用Thermo Elemental ICAP 6300型电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪,选择251.6nm谱线,测得方法检出限为0.0111mg.L-1,加标回收率为91.0%—100.6%,相对标准偏差为0.58%,方法精密度、准确度较高,检测线性范围宽。该方法操作简便,测定速度较快,共存干扰元素少。当采出液中表面活性剂浓度在500mg/L以下时,对检测结果基本没有影响;矿化度较高的油田水及聚合物浓度大小对测定有影响,但经过处理后都能满足检测要求。可应用于三元复合驱采出液中硅含量的测定。     

水驱油过程的核磁共振二维谱研究

岩心水驱油过程中油水分布状况是岩心多孔介质的重要性质. 水驱油过程的研究是进一步进行提高采收率研究的基础. 核磁共振扩散-弛豫二维谱提供了岩心中流体性质的多方面信息,与核磁共振一维弛豫谱相比极大地提高了区分油水的能力. 该文通过2组岩心水驱油实验,从不同含油饱和度的扩散-弛豫二维谱中提取出水的一维弛豫谱,在原油粘度比较高的情况下获得了驱替过程中油水在不同孔隙中的分布状况以及润湿性等信息, 解决了单独用一维弛豫谱方法难以区分油水的问题. 该文的研究方法对油田提高采收率的研究有比较大的参考价值.     

弱凝胶调驱数值模拟

以组分模型为基础,结合黑油模型的推导方式,建立了三维三相八组分的弱凝胶调驱的数学模型,模型中综合考虑了重力、毛管力、流体和岩石压缩性等各种影响因素.在模型的求解上采用了改进的IMPES方法即隐式求解压力,高阶显式求取饱和度的方法进行求解,以此提高饱和度求解的精度,并编制了相应的数值模拟软件,对弱凝胶体系的调驱效果进行了模拟研究.     

超临界水驱超稠油提高采收率热物理特性研究

超稠油资源的高效开发对于提高石油供给和保障我国石油安全意义重大。针对深层超稠油资源由于原始地层压力高、原油黏度大导致常规蒸汽驱无法有效开发的问题,本文提出超临界水驱开发深层超稠油的新思路。本文首先研制了超临界水驱油提高采收率实验平台,研发的管式填砂岩心模型能够模拟岩心升温和驱替的同步过程,然后开展了超临界水驱、蒸汽驱和热水驱对比实验研究,实验结果表明,相对于蒸汽驱,超临界水驱能显著提高采收率并具有更高的热效率,25MPa、400℃超临界水驱鲁克沁超稠油的采收率达到97.07%;获得了超临界水驱过程的温度场和驱替压差变化规律,发现了超临界水超覆现象,与蒸汽超覆相比,超临界水超覆发生晚且持续短,可扩大波及范围,提高采收率。     

Wettability alteration of sandstones by silica nanoparticle dispersions in light and heavy crude oil

Unlike conventional oil production methods, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes can recover most oil products from the reservoir. One method, known as wettability alteration, changes the hydrophilicity of the reservoir rock via decreased surface interactions with crude oils. The mitigation of these attractive forces enhances petroleum extraction and increases the accessibility of previously inaccessible rock deposits. In this work, silica nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to alter the wettability of two sandstone surfaces, Berea and Boise. Changes in wettability were assessed by measuring the contact angle and interfacial tension of different systems. The silica NPs were suspended in brine and a combined solution of brine and the Tween®20 nonionic surfactant at concentrations of 0, 0.001, and 0.01 wt% NP with both light and heavy crude oil. The stability of the different nanofluids was characterized by the size, zeta potential, and sedimentation of the particles in suspension. Unlike the NPs, the surfactant had a greater effect on the interfacial tension by influencing the liquid-liquid interactions. The introduction of the surfactant decreased the interfacial tension by 57 and 43% for light and heavy crude oil samples, respectively. Imaging and measurements of the contact angle were used to assess the surface-liquid interactions and to characterize the wettability of the different systems. The images reflect that the contact angle increased with the addition of NPs for both sandstone and oil types. The contact angle in the light crude oil sample was most affected by the addition of 0.001 wt% NP, which altered both sandstones’ wettability. Increases in contact angle approached 101.6% between 0 and 0.001 wt% NPs with light oil on the Berea sandstone. The contact angle however remained relatively unaffected by addition of higher NP concentrations, thus indicating that low NP concentrations can effectively be used for enhancing crude oil recovery. While the contact angle of the light crude oil plateaued, the heavy crude oil continued to increase with an increase in NP concentration; therefore indicating that a maximum contact angle in heavy crude oil was not yet achieved. The introduction of NPs in light and heavy crude oil samples altered both the Berea and Boise sandstone systems’ wettability, which in turn indicated the efficacy of the silica NPs and surfactants in generating a more water-wet reservoir. Consequently, silica NPs and surfactants are most promising for EOR across the range of oil types.     

水驱油藏中原油极性物质对吸附和润湿性影响的分子模拟

为了研究水驱油藏中原油极性物质的吸附机理及其对油藏表面润湿性的影响,构建以石英为代表的砂岩岩石骨架模型,己烷为代表的非极性物质模型和以甲苯、胶质和沥青质为代表的极性物质模型,运用分子模拟方法研究4种原油组分和水分子在砂岩油藏表面竞争吸附过程和润湿状态。结果表明：水与4种原油组分在石英矿物表面竞争吸附时,原油中的非极性物质会比极性物质更加容易脱附。极性物质会随着时间的变化逐渐吸附在矿物表面,非极性的物质会随着时间变化逐渐远离矿物表面。吸附过程中静电力起吸附作用,范德华力起排斥作用。最后结合润湿性实验结果,从机理上解释了不同原油组成对润湿性的影响,即原油组分中极性物质含量越高,胶质沥青质含量越大,岩石表面油湿性越大,且水驱过程中润湿性向亲水方向变化越难。结论对提升水驱油藏采收率影响因素的认识有重要意义。     

基于VOF方法的水驱油藏孔隙尺度剩余油分布状态研究

准确认识多孔介质内水驱剩余油的微观赋存状态对于改善高含水油田水驱开发效果,提高水驱采收率具有重要意义。在对Volume of Fluid (VOF)方法验证的基础上,充分利用其追踪两相界面动态变化、再现微观渗流物理过程的优势,开展特高含水期砂岩油藏物性条件、驱替方式对剩余油微观赋存特征和采收率的影响研究。通过分析典型孔隙结构的微观渗流特征和剩余油受力情况,揭示不同类型微观剩余油的动用机制和规律：水湿条件下驱替速度的增大和驱替方向的改变会使得微观剩余油分布较为分散且采收率得到不同程度的提高;油湿及高黏度比条件下毛管阻力、黏滞力较大,剩余油多以簇状和多孔状聚集分布,采出程度相对较低。     

Investigation on Mechanisms of Polymer Enhanced Oil Recovery by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Microscopic Theoretical Analysis

Polymer flooding is an efficient technique to enhance oil recovery over water flooding. There are lots of discussions regarding the mechanisms for polymer flooding enhancing oil recovery. The main focus is whether polymer flooding can increase sweep efficiency alone, or can increase both of sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency. We present a study on this problem. Oil displacement experiments on 4 natural cores show that polymer flooding can increase oil recovery efficiency by more than 12% over water. Moreover, photos are taken by the nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） method both after water flooding and after polymer flooding, which show remaining oil saturation distribution at the middle cross section and the central longitudinal section. Analyses of these photos demonstrate that polymer flooding can increase both sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency.     

Displacement Mechanism of Polymer Flooding by Molecular Tribology

Whether polymer flooding can enhance displacement efficiency or not is still a problem under debate. Laboratory experiment, numerical simulation and core data analysis are the commonly used means to study polymer flooding displacement efficiency. We discuss the limitations of these methods and employ molecular tribology to study the problem. The black-white ball action principle, i.e. the atom action model for describing the friction principle, is used to analyse the microscopic mechanism of oil displacement and describe the molecular interactions and displacement power during polymer flooding. Both tribology theory and dynamic theological test show that molecular interactions during polymer flooding are bigger than that during water flooding. It is concluded that displacement efficiency of water flooding may be higher than that of polymer flooding at particular area; while polymer flooding can weaken the heterogeneity significantly, decrease ineffective injection and enhance the total displacement efficiency.     

聚合物强化泡沫驱数学模型及其应用

基于泡沫组分物质守恒原理,考虑泡沫生成、破灭、运移现象,建立聚合物强化泡沫驱渗流的多组分数学模型,有效反映油相消泡和聚合物稳泡作用机理,采用自适应隐式方法进行求解.通过拟合泡沫驱替实验结果,验证数学模型的有效性.对某油区泡沫先导试验区进行跟踪数值模拟,分析泡沫驱渗流特征,结果表明,强化泡沫体系能够在地层稳定存在,并不断向生产井推进,从而大幅度提高原油采收率.