CdSe/ZnS核-壳结构量子点的非线性光学吸收

利用开孔Z扫描技术研究了吸收峰分别为553 nm和503 nm的两种尺寸CdSe/ZnS核-壳结构量子点溶液的非线性吸收性质.对于532 nm,6 ns激光脉冲,两种材料均表现出饱和吸收向反饱和吸收转化的现象.数值模拟结果表明：当吸收峰波长大于激光波长时,饱和吸收过程由快、慢两种机制组成,分别对应基态载流子被激发至不同的激发态,而强光下的反饱和吸收与快过程相关;当吸收峰波长小于激光波长时,饱和吸收主要由快过程机制引起,强光下的反饱和吸收源自激发态吸收和双光子吸收.我们的研究结果表明半导体量子点是研制光开关和光限制器件的理想候选材料.     

Nonlinear optical absorption and refraction of epitaxial Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films on (001) MgO substrates

Highly epitaxial Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) ferroelectric thin films were fabricated on (001) MgOsubstrates by pulsed laser deposition. The nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (β) and refraction indices (γ) of the BST thin films on (001) MgO substrates were investigated using the single beam Z-scan technique with femtosecond laser pulses at the wavelengths of 790 nm and 395 nm, respectively, at room temperature. The nonlinear absorption coefficients of BST thin films were measured to be ∼0.087 cm/GW and ∼0.77 cm/GW at 790 nm and 395 nm, respectively. The nonlinear refraction indices of BST thin films exhibit a strong dispersion from a positive value of 6.1×10^-5 cm²/GW at 790 nm to a negative value of -4.0×10^-5 cm²/GW at 395 nm near band gap. The dispersion of γ is roughly consistent with Sheik-Bahae’s theory for the bound electronic nonlinear refraction resulting from the two-photon resonance. These results show that the BST film is a promising material as a candidate for nonlinear optical applications. PACS 42.70.Mp; 78.20.-e; 81.05.-t     

Observation of simultaneous reverse saturation absorption and saturation absorption in silver nanoparticles incorporated into europium oxide thin film

In this work, nano silver clusters incorporated into europium oxide thin films at a level of 3.8% and 12.5% have been prepared by a vacuum evaporation method on glass and silicon substrates. Samples were investigated by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and linear and nonlinear optical absorption methods. The X-ray diffraction reveals that the Eu oxide of these samples remains amorphous after pre-annealing at 400 °C. The linear optical absorption of the samples shows surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena, which varies with the Ag content of the samples. The optical nonlinear absorption properties of the prepared films were investigated using an open Z-scan technique with cw laser at wavelengths 476 nm and 514 nm. A changeover from reverse saturation absorption (RSA) to saturation absorption (SA) was observed. RSA is attributed to interband transition via two photon absorption. SA is attributed to plasmon bleach.     

Rapid synthesize of gold nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method and its application as an optical limiting material

We present rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method. Sample with average particle size 7.7 nm is obtained from TEM. Linear and nonlinear optical studies of the prepared samples are discussed. Reverse saturable absorption (RSA) at longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been observed using Z-scan and transient absorption techniques with 532 nm laser pulses. Such RSA behavior makes Au NPs an ideal candidate for optical limiting applications.     

Nonlinear two-photon absorption properties induced by femtosecond laser with the films of two novel anthracene derivatives

Two novel anthracene derivatives containing 4-vinylpyridine (FPEA) and 2-vinylpyridine (TPEA) poly(methyl methacrylate) films are prepared on quartz glass substrates. Their nonlinear absorption properties are investigated by using a 120-fs, 800-nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser operating at a 1-kHz repetition rate. The unique nonlinear absorption properties of these new compounds are observed by utilizing a Z-scan system. These two-photon absorption (TPA) properties are proven by the two-photon fluorescence excited at 800 nm. The FPEA and TPEA films have nonlinear TPA coefficients of 0.164 and 0.148 cm/GW and the TPA cross sections of 3.345 × 10-48 and 3.081 × 10-48 cm4 ·s/photon, respectively. The influence of the chemical structures on the nonlinear TPA properties of the compounds is also discussed. The highly nonlinear TPA activities of the films implied that the new anthracene derivatives are suitable materials with promising applications in super-high-density three-dimensional data storage and nano- or microstructure fabrication.     

Nonresonant and Resonant Nonlinear Absorption of CdSe-Based Nanoplatelets

We present a comprehensive understanding of the nonlinear absorption characteristics of CdSe-based nanoplatelets(NPLs) synthesized by the solution-phase method and the colloidal atomic layer deposition approach through Z-scan techniques at 532 nm with picosecond pulses. The CdSe NPLs exhibit strong two-photon induced free carrier absorption(effective three-photon absorption) upon the nonresonant excitation, resulting in a remarkable optical limiting behavior with the limiting threshold of approximately 75 GW/cm~2. A nonlinear optical switching from saturable absorption(SA) to reverse saturable absorption(RSA) with increasing the laser intensity is observed when coating CdSe NPLs with a monolayer of CdS shell to realize the resonant absorption. The SA behavior originates from the ground state bleaching and the RSA behavior is attributed to the free carrier absorption.These findings explicitly demonstrate the potential applications of CdSe-based NPLs in nonlinear optoelectronics such as optical limiting devices, optical pulse compressors and optical switching devices.     

“绿色”液体激光介质的非线性光学特性研究

 利用氧化钕和盐酸为原料制得Nd(phen)2Cl3(三氯二邻菲罗啉合钕),测得其光谱特性并以稀土氧化钕、苯甲酸和邻菲罗啉为原料制得绿色液体激光介质钕离子的配合物——NdB3phen（三苯甲酸—邻菲罗啉合钕）.利用飞秒激光器,采用单光束Z-扫描法研究了NdB3phen的三阶非线性光学特性.结果表明:当入射飞秒激光脉冲波长为400 nm,峰值功率密度为2.94×1014 W/m2,脉宽为117 fs时,测得样品NdB3phen的非线性折射率为－2.84×10－18 cm2/W|NdB3phen在开孔条件下呈现反饱和吸收现象,测出双光子吸收系数的值为9.11×10－12 m/W.实验结果表明,NdB3phen的双光子吸收系数和非线性折射率随着光强的增强而增大.     

GeS_2-Ga_2S_3-Sb_2S_3-AgCl玻璃的三阶非线性光学特性

采用熔融-急冷法制备了(100-x)Ge20Ga5Sb10S65-xAgCl(x=0,5,10,15,20mol%)系列硫卤玻璃,测试了样品的密度、从可见到中远红外的透过性能以及折射率参量,根据Z-扫描测试原理用钛宝石飞秒激光器测试了样品的三阶非线性特性随波长变化的特性.结果表明:非线性折射率n2和非线性吸收系数β随着波长的增加而增加,AgCl含量为20mol%的样品在800nm处的非线性折射率n2=1.581×10-10esu,非线性吸收系数β=4.707cm/GW.与传统硫系玻璃相比,三阶非线性性能明显提高.     

1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚薄膜的非线性光学特性研究

运用Ｚ扫描方法研究了１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚薄膜的非线性光学特性。用皮秒脉冲激光测得在５３２ ｎｍ 处、光强较低时χ（３）Ｒ ＝ １．２９×１０－ ９ ｅｓｕ, β＝ ４２ ｃｍ ／ＧＷ; 同时研究了不同光脉冲能量时的非线性吸收特性, 发现其非线性吸收随着光强的增大由反饱和吸收转为饱和吸收     

Parameters-dependent nonlinear absorptions in InGaN/GaN MQW and GaN film

The optical nonlinearities of an InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) and a GaN film were experimentally investigated by using femtosecond Z-scan method in this paper. It was observed that the InGaN/GaN MQW displays a nonlinear saturable absorption (SA) effect and the nonlinear absorption coefficient β was determined to be ; and the GaN film shows a reverse saturable absorption (RSA) effect and the β is . It is also found that the absorption cross sections and quantum confinement effect (QCE) give an influence on the SA of the InGaN/GaN MQW structure.     

Picosecond nonlinear optical properties of cuprous oxide with different nano-morphologies

Cuprous oxide nanoclusters, microcubes and microparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. Phase purity and crystallinity of the samples were studied by using X-ray powder diffraction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show different morphologies like nanoclusters, microcubes and microparticles. For linear and nonlinear optical measurements, the as-synthesized Cu₂O with different morphologies were dispersed in isopropanol solution. The absorption spectrum recorded in the visible regions shows peaks that depend on the morphology of the particles and the peak shifts towards red region as one goes from nanoclusters to microparticles. Simple open-aperture Z-scan technique is used to measure nonlinear optical properties of cuprous oxide at 532 nm, 30 ps excitation at 10 Hz repetition rate. Cuprous oxide nanoclusters show reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behaviour, the microcubes and microparticles at a similar concentration exhibit saturable absorption (SA) type of behaviour at lower peak intensities and exhibit RSA within SA at higher peak intensities. The results show that the transition from SA to RSA can be ascribed to the two-photon absorption (TPA) process.     

Nonlinear optical study of palladium Schiff base complex using femtosecond differential optical Kerr gate and Z-scan techniques

A femtosecond differential optical Kerr gate (DOKG) and Z-scan techniques, have been applied to investigate the third-order optical nonlinearity of composite film of the coordination complex [PdLPPh₃] (L=N-(2-pyridyl)-N′-(salicylidene)hydrazine, PPh₃=triphenylphosphine). Film exhibits superior nonlinear optical properties in the near-infrared spectral region. The nonlinear response time and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of complex were found to be≤90 fs and 3.9×10^?10 esu, respectively. The Z-scan result shows that saturable absorption property of the film and its nonlinear absorption coefficient of the sample was found to be ?23 cm/GW.     

铝镓氮薄膜双光子吸收效应

基于飞秒激发Z扫描实验技术,研究了氮化镓薄膜和不同铝掺杂含量的掺铝氮化镓(以下简称铝镓氮)薄膜的超快非线性光学响应特性。在开孔Z-scan测试中,纯Ga N晶体薄膜表现出典型的双光子吸收特性,双光子吸收系数为3.5 cm/GW,且随着激发光强的增大而逐渐减小。随后测试了不同铝掺杂含量的Al_xGa_(1-x)N薄膜的非线性吸收系数。结果表明,随着铝掺杂摩尔分数的提高(0,19%,32%,42%),非线性吸收系数逐渐减小(18,10,6,5.6 cm/GW)。结合半导体非线性吸收理论分析,Al_xGa_(1-x)N薄膜材料的非线性过程主要是双光子吸收主导非线性响应物理过程。实验结果与半导体双光子吸收过程Sheik-Bahae理论符合得很好。     

Z-scan study of third-order optical nonlinearities in bismuth-based glasses

The third-order optical nonlinearity was measured in bismuth-based glasses by Z-scan technique using femto-second laser pulses. Re(χ⁽³⁾) = 4.9 × 10⁻¹¹ esu at 748 nm was obtained in the glass containing 65.5 mol% of Bi₂O₃. Although, the wavelength dependence of Re(χ⁽³⁾) shows resonant effect significantly, relatively small nonlinear absorption coefficient β = 0.8 cm/GW at 769 nm was estimated. Bismuth-based glass exhibits the largest third-order optical nonlinearity in oxide glasses, indicating they are promising materials used for nonlinear optical devices.     

基于铋可饱和吸收体的超快激光产生

采用磁控溅射沉积法在微纳光纤表面上镀一层纳米级厚度的铋薄膜,制备了一种微纳光纤-铋膜结构的可饱和吸收体.在1.5μm处的非线性光调制深度为14%.将其应用到掺铒光纤激光器中,在1.5μm波段获得稳定的超快脉冲激光产生,脉宽为357 fs,输出功率为45.4 mW,单脉冲能量为2.39 nJ,信噪比为84 dB.实验结果表明,利用磁控溅射法可制备出大调制深度的可饱和吸收体,为获得高能量超短脉冲激光输出提供新方案.     

Effects of solvent on nonlinear absorption properties of tetraphenylporphyrin compounds in the nanosecond regime

The nonlinear absorption properties of tetraphenylporphyrins (TPP) in different solvents and excitation intensities are investigated with nanosecond pulses by the Z-scan technique. The nonlinear absorption behaviour observed presents a distinct difference between in solvent mixtures and in pure solvents. A crossover from reverse saturable absorption (RSA) to saturable absorption (SA) and then again to RSA is observed with the increases of excitation intensity in chloroform and pyridine mixed solvents. However, porphyrin molecules in pure solvents show good RSA behaviour under the studied intensity range, no saturation absorption is observed with nanosecond excitation. Excited state absorption parameters and two-photon absorption coefficients are obtained by theoretical fit using rate equations for population densities in a seven-level energy scheme.     

Z-scan study of nonlinear absorption of gold nano-particles prepared by ion implantation in various types of silicate glasses

Metal nano-clusters composite glasses synthesized by ion implantation have been shown as promising nonlinear photonic material. In this paper, we report on the nonlinear absorption measurements of gold nano-particles implanted in four structurally different types of silicate glasses. All targets containing gold nano-particles in a layer 500 nm under the surface of the glass have been prepared by ion implantation with subsequent annealing. The targets were characterized by UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by the Z-scan technique. The resulting nano-particles differed in size, range of particle size and shape as well as depth distribution characteristic for glasses with different chemical compositions. With the Z-scan technique, it can be shown that the nano-particles produced in silicate glasses exhibit substantial two-photon absorption (TPA). The TPA coefficient differed depending on size, shape, and depth distribution of the metal nano-clusters and the structure and composition of the glass substrates. The highest TPA coefficient (16.25 cm/GW) was found for the glass BK7 in which the largest non-spherical nano-particles have been observed in the thinnest layer.     

GaAs在光通讯波段的超快非线性光学研究

采用Z-扫描和泵浦-探测技术,在光通讯波段对砷化镓(GaAs)单晶进行了非线性动力学以及非线性光学的实验研究.飞秒泵浦-探测实验结果表明,三阶非线性光学效应源于砷化镓单晶对飞秒激光的瞬态双光子吸收,而五阶非线性光学效应源于砷化镓单晶双光子吸收诱导的自由载流子吸收效应.通过Z扫描实验,得到了关于GaAs单晶所有的非线性光学参数,包括双光子吸收系数、三阶非线性折射系数、双光子吸收诱导的自由载流子吸收截面以及双光子吸收诱导的自由载流子折射截面.结果表明,砷化镓单晶在制造光限幅器件和光电探测器方面具有良好的发展前景.     

The theory and experiment of solute migration caused by excited state absorptions

Nonsymmetrical transition from reverse-saturable absorption (RSA) to saturable absorption (SA) caused by excited state absorption induced mass transport of the CuPcTs dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide is observed in an open aperture Z-scan experiment with a 21-ps laser pulse. The nonsymmetrical transition from RSA to SA is ascribed neither to saturation of excited state absorption nor to thermal induced mass transport, the so-called Soret effect. In our consideration, strong nonlinear absorption causes the rapid accumulation of the non-uniform kinetic energy of the solute molecules. The non-uniform kinetic field in turn causes the migration of the solute molecules. Additionally, an energy-gradient-induced mass transport theory is presented to interpret the experimental results, and the theoretical calculations are also taken to fit our experimental results.     

Anisotropic nonlinear optical absorption of gold nanorods in a silica matrix

Nanocomposite films consisting of gold nanospheres or gold nanorods embedded in a silica matrix have been prepared using a hybrid deposition technique consisting of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiO₂ and co-sputtering of gold, followed by annealing at 900 °C. Subsequent irradiation with 30 MeV heavy ions (Cu⁵⁺) was used to form gold nanorods. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of this material are closely related with the surface plasmon resonance in the visible. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (α₂@532 nm) for the films containing gold nanospheres was measured by Z-scan and P-scan techniques, and it was found to be isotropic and equal to −4.8 × 10⁻² cm/W. On the contrary, gold nanorods films exhibited two distinct surface plasmon resonance absorption bands giving rise to a strong anisotropic behavior, namely a polarization-dependent linear absorption and saturable absorption. Z-scan and P-scan measurements using various light polarization directions yielded nonlinear absorption coefficient (α₂@532 nm) values varying from −0.9 × 10⁻² cm/W up to −3.0 × 10⁻² cm/W. Linearity of the P-scan method in the context of nanocomposite saturable absorption is also discussed.