热传导方程在散斑条纹图相位提取中的应用

去除电子散斑十涉条纹图中的噪声是提取条纹图相位的关键问题.利用热传导方程去除条纹图中的噪声,定性和定量分析了该方法的滤波性能.在此基础上,进一步将MBO算法和热传导方程应用于条纹二值化和相位图平滑过程中,并成功地从单幅模拟条纹图中提取了条纹图的相位.研究结果表明,热传导方程能有效减少散斑条纹图中的噪声,改善二值条纹图的边界.进而获得准确的相位分布.     

高噪声背景下激光条纹亚像素中心的提取

针对线结构光三维形貌测量中大量噪声易干扰激光条纹中心提取准确度的问题,提出了一种条纹亚像素中心提取方法。分析条纹图像中的噪声,采用平均法和中值滤波预处理图像;利用迭代阈值分割及形态学方法,获取条纹目标,引入距离变换提取条纹的像素级中心;根据像素级中心、二值信息及光强灰度,结合曲线拟合及重心法精确提取条纹的亚像素中心。仿真分析和实验验证下,相邻行条纹中心列坐标最大偏差值像素小于2 ,平均偏差像素值约为0.3,与传统方法相比,2项指标值更小。实验结果表明,算法有效利用条纹灰度分布规律,可降低噪声对中心定位精度的影响,更逼近条纹真实中心位置,抗噪能力极强。     

硬X射线微分相衬成像的噪声特性分析

量子噪声引起光强随机波动是影响X射线相衬图像质量的一个重要因素.提出了一种针对硬X射线微分相衬成像噪声特性的分析方法,通过数值模拟获得了量子噪声对成像结果的作用规律.模拟结果表明,折射像和散射像的噪声均方差与叠栅条纹对比度成反比关系,叠栅条纹对比度越大,统计所得的均方差值越小.在保证X射线探测效率的前提下,提高叠栅条纹对比度将有利于获得高质量的相衬图像,并为有效减少X射线曝光剂量提供条件.     

应用隧道探索算法提取莫尔条纹偏移量

为了精确提取莫尔条纹偏移量,提出了隧道探索算法,并将其应用于实际莫尔条纹分析.使用双光栅产生莫尔条纹,抓拍多方向投影.应用数字图像处理技术,追踪分析实验莫尔条纹.首先,追踪各条纹的极大值分布,根据条纹极大值分布挖掘条纹隧道,调整挖掘宽度,即像素宽度,既实现隧道贯通,又不干预相邻条纹.然后,二值化莫尔图,噪声滤波,滤除条纹隧道壁上的噪声毛刺,使隧道壁趋于光滑.最后,根据两侧隧道壁的布局,探索条纹隧道走向,提取隧道走向数据,获得条纹偏移量.并进一步转换为偏折角,即光学计算机层析投影.应用非线性自适应迭代重建算法对偏折角进行迭代重建.结果发现,最高重建截面温度是492℃,额定电热器表面温度大约500℃,重建截面恰恰在电热器上表面上方,所以重建结果是有效的.     

基于Gabor滤波的散斑条纹图平滑方法

提出了一种基于伽博(Gabor)滤波的散斑条纹图平滑方法.通过加窗傅里叶运算提取散斑条纹图的条纹频率和条纹梯度方向,并利用它们确定具有频率和方向选择性的Gabor滤波器对散斑条纹图进行Gabor滤波.数值模拟和实验结果表明,该方法在滤除散斑噪声的同时能够有效的保留散斑条纹图的条纹结构,为从单幅散斑条纹图中进一步提取条纹相位场奠定了良好的基础.     

一种用于自动分析散斑摄影条纹图的数字图像复原技术——衍射晕影响的消除

本文提出了一种消除衍射晕非均匀照度影响、提高计算机自动测量散斑摄影条纹图精度的数字图像复原算法.简单介绍了散斑摄影条纹的自动分析过程.在VAX-11/785计算机上对模拟的无噪声白光散斑条纹进行验证,结果表明,本算法和程序是可靠的.     

广义条纹图序列编码的相位重建

为解决拓扑复杂物体三维数字化过程中的绝对相位测量及相位重建问题,提出了一种广义变频条纹图序列的相位展开算法。简要综述了现有的各种时间维相位展开算法并指出这些算法存在的问题,在此基础上,详细分析比较提出方法与正指数条纹序列算法的噪声免疫力和时间复杂度,证明该方法有更高的噪声免疫力和更低的时间复杂度。特别是,当相邻编码条纹图的条纹数之比不等于2时,正指数条纹序列算法出现严重噪声,而提出的方法依然能够正常工作。此外,该算法还能够根据实际情况决定需要投影的条纹频率,从而能够使用相对较少的条纹编码图像进行有效的相位展开,进而提高系统的实时性。理论分析和实验结果都证明了提出算法的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的干涉条纹数据处理方法

提出了基于遗传算法的干涉条纹数据处理方法。该方法是在最小二乘余弦曲线拟合的基础上 ,引入了具有全局优化能力的遗传算法以解决目标函数多极值问题 ,从而使得最小二乘余弦曲线拟合对干涉条纹处理具有很好的鲁棒性和自适应能力。仿真结果表明 ,在 2 0 %均匀分布噪声条件下 ,拟合模型主要参数 -干涉条纹空间频率及初相位 -拟合误差小于 0 .5 %。     

基于物体像的干涉条纹图像中散斑噪声的识别方法

散斑噪声是激光干涉时的普遍现象,其覆盖被测表面对应区域的形状信息,造成测量误差。针对斜入式激光干涉测量中散斑噪声的特点,提出一种基于物体像的散斑噪声的识别方法。该方法通过统计物体像中有效测量区域和背景区域内灰度分布的特点,自动计算出判定散斑噪声的上下阈值。基于物体像与干涉条纹图像间微米级的映射关系,得到干涉条纹图像中散斑噪声的位置。设计了相关实验,对干涉条纹图像中识别出的散斑噪声区域进行修补,消除了包裹相位图中一个条纹周期内相邻像素点间大于π的相位突变。     

基于二维连续小波变换的ESPI条纹图相位提取方法

提出了一种基于二维连续小波变换的电子散斑干涉(ESPI)条纹图相位提取方法。通过检测二维小波脊确定条纹相位,并引入条纹频率作为向导,有效地避免了相位解调过程中的符号奇异性问题,从而使该算法既能处理开条纹图也能处理闭条纹图,且对散斑噪声具有较强的抑制能力。数值模拟和实验结果表明,该方法在抑制散斑噪声的同时能够有效地提取出条纹相位,对开条纹图和闭条纹图都能处理。     

Fringe pattern denoising via image decomposition

Filtering off noise from a fringe pattern is one of the key tasks in optical interferometry. In this Letter, using some suitable function spaces to model different components of a fringe pattern, we propose a new fringe pattern denoising method based on image decomposition. In our method, a fringe image is divided into three parts: low-frequency fringe, high-frequency fringe, and noise, which are processed in different spaces. An adaptive threshold in wavelet shrinkage involved in this algorithm improves its denoising performance. Simulation and experimental results show that our algorithm obtains smooth and clean fringes with different frequencies while preserving fringe features effectively.     

GaN HEMT栅边缘电容用于缺陷的研究

本文对GaN HEMT栅漏电容的频率色散特性进行分析,认为栅边缘电容的色散是导致栅漏电容频率色散特性不同于圆肖特基二极管电容的主要原因. 通过对不同栅偏置条件下缺陷附加电容与频率关系的拟合,发现小栅压下的缺陷附加电容仅满足单能级缺陷模型,而强反向栅压下的缺陷附加电容同时满足单能级和连续能级缺陷模型. 实验中栅边缘电容的频率色散现象在钝化工艺后出现,其反映的缺陷很可能是钝化工艺引入,且位于源漏间栅金属未覆盖区域的表面. 最后通过低频噪声技术进一步验证栅边缘电容提取缺陷参数的可行性. 低频噪声技术获得的单能级 关键词： HEMT 边缘电容 缺陷 低频噪声     

Vibration-induced phase noise in Mach–Zehnder atom interferometers

The high inertial sensitivity of atom interferometers has been used to build accelerometers and gyrometers, but this property makes these interferometers very sensitive to the laboratory seismic noise. This seismic noise induces a phase noise which is large enough to reduce the fringe visibility in many cases. We develop here a model calculation of this phase noise applicable to a wide class of Mach–Zehnder atom interferometers and we apply this model to our thermal lithium interferometer. We are thus able to explain the observed dependence of the fringe visibility on the diffraction order. The dynamical model developed in the present paper should be very useful to further reduce this phase noise in atom interferometers and this reduction should open the way to improved interferometers. PACS 03.75.Dg; 39.20.+q; 42.50.Vk     

Adaptive quadrature filters for multiple phase-stepping images

We present a new technique for the recovery of local phase from multiple phase-stepping fringe images that uses adaptive quadrature filters constructed by use of Bayesian estimation theory and complex-valued Markov random fields as prior models. It is shown that with this technique it is possible to perform accurate phase reconstructions even for extremely noisy fringe images and that the performance of this technique is nearly independent of the particular noise model, as long as the noise spectrum is wideband.     

基于CCD采集的Mach-Zehnder干涉条纹图的处理算法

Mach-Zehnder干涉仪适用于研究气体密度迅速变化的状态。由于气体折射率的变化与其密度的变化成正比,而折射率的变化将使通过气体的光线有不同的光程,因此可通过干涉臂变化对干涉条纹图像效果的影响得到气体密度。实测中,采用图像采集卡和CCD来接收Mach-Zehnder干涉仪产生的条纹图像,再通过计算机对条纹图像的条纹间距进行处理,从而得到气体密度的变化状态。从光干涉理论出发,对Mach-Zehnder干涉条纹图像特征进行了分析,建立了Mach-Zehnder干涉条纹的数学模型,并根据此模型设计了处理Mach-Zehnder干涉条纹图像的算法。算法包括图像的预处理(即图像的噪声提取)、图像的二值化及图像的细化。     

Scanning schemes in white light photoelasticity – Part II: Novel fringe resolution guided scanning scheme

Varied spatial resolution of isochromatic fringes over the domain influences the accuracy of fringe order estimation using TFP/RGB photoelasticity. This has been brought out in the first part of the work. The existing scanning schemes do not take this into account, which leads to the propagation of noise from the low spatial resolution zones. In this paper, a method is proposed for creating a whole field map which represents the spatial resolution of the isochromatic fringe pattern. A novel scanning scheme is then proposed whose progression is guided by the spatial resolution of the fringes in the isochromatic image. The efficacy of the scanning scheme is demonstrated using three problems – an inclined crack under bi-axial loading, a thick ring subjected to internal pressure and a stress frozen specimen of an aerospace component. The proposed scheme has use in a range of applications. The scanning scheme is effective even if the model has random zones of noise which is demonstrated using a plate subjected to concentrated load. This aspect is well utilised to extract fringe data from thin slices cut from a stereo-lithographic model that has characteristic random noise due to layered manufacturing.     

Phase unwrapping algorithms, respectively, based on path-following and discrete cosine transform

This paper describes a path-following phase unwrapping algorithm and a phase unwrapping algorithm based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) which accelerates the computation and suppresses the propagation of noise. Through analysis of fringe pattern with serious noises simulated in mathematic model, we make a contrast between path-following algorithm and DCT algorithm. The advantages and disadvantages of analytical fringe pattern are also given through comparison of two algorithms. Three-dimensional experimental results have been given to prove the validity of these algorithms. Despite DCT phase unwrapping technique robustness and speed in some cases, it cannot be unwrapping inconsistencies phase. The path-following algorithm can be used in automation analysis of fringe patterns with little influence of noise.     

The effects of noise-bandwidth, noise-fringe duration, and temporal signal location on the binaural masking-level difference

The effects of forward and backward noise fringes on binaural signal detectability were investigated. Masked thresholds for a 12-ms, 250-Hz, sinusoidal signal masked by Gaussian noise, centered at 250 Hz, with bandwidths from 3 to 201 Hz, were obtained in N(0)S(0) and N(0)S(π) configurations. The signal was (a) temporally centered in a 12-ms noise burst (no fringe), (b) presented at the start of a 600-ms noise burst (backward fringe), or (c) temporally centered in a 600-ms noise burst (forward-plus-backward fringe). For noise bandwidths between 3 and 75 Hz, detection in N(0)S(0) improved with the addition of a backward fringe, improving further with an additional forward fringe; there was little improvement in N(0)S(π). The binaural masking-level difference (BMLD) increased from 0 to 8 dB with a forward-plus-backward fringe as noise bandwidths increased to 100 Hz, increasing slightly to 10 dB at 201 Hz. This two-stage increase was less pronounced with a backward fringe. With no fringe, the BMLD was about 10-14 dB at all bandwidths. Performance appears to result from the interaction of across-time and across-frequency listening strategies and the possible effects of gain reduction and suppression, which combine in complex ways. Current binaural models are, as yet, unable to account fully for these effects.     

散斑干涉相位条纹图的频域滤波处理

为了解决在数字散斑干涉技术测量时,散斑干涉相位条纹图像中大量噪声对相位解包裹结果和精度产生严重影响的问题,介绍了一种条纹正余弦分解和频域低通滤波结合的方法,实现了散斑干涉相位条纹图的高精度滤波。该方法的基本思路是在对相位图像进行滤波处理前,先将相位图通过正余弦函数进行映射转换成两幅图,分别经过频域滤波,然后再合成为相位图。这种分解频域滤波方法可以在滤波的同时,有效保留相位跳变信息。实验结果表明：与传统的图像降噪方法相比,该方法能够在保留图像“尖峰”信息的基础上,较好地滤除图像中的散斑噪声,方法简单有效,有效解决了传统滤波方法应用在相位条纹图中,相图灰度信息丢失10%~40%的问题。