高温条件下Ga3PO7晶体热学及声表面波性质的理论研究

高温压电晶体是许多机电器件必需的一种多功能材料, Ga₃PO₇晶体的居里温度高达1364 ℃, 可应用于高温极限条件. 但是预测高温极限条件下晶体的结构以及物理性质的问题采用实验研究的手段非常困难, 而理论上的预测未见研究. 本文采用密度泛函-准谐振近似理论计算了温度在0-1200 ℃范围内Ga₃PO₇ 晶体的结构常数和热学性质, 结果表明Ga₃PO₇晶体的晶格常数a和c随温度的升高呈线性增大, 且c方向受温度影响更为显著; 晶体的密度随温度的升高而减小, 计算的a 和c方向平均热膨胀系数分别为1.67×10^-6 K^-1和3.58×10^-6 K^-1, 高温区定压热容为2.067 J/g·K, 与实验值一致. 计算了从常温到高温下该晶体的弹性常数以及体弹性模量的变化, 研究了高温条件下的声表面波特性, 发现随着温度的升高, 声表面波速度浮动较小, 而机电耦合系数略有增大; 在传播角为151° 时该晶体具有较好的温度稳定性且机电耦合系数达到最大值, 这表明Ga₃PO₇ 晶体是一种有望应用于高温环境下的压电晶体.     

Li2CO3/K3PO4复合助熔剂对新型Y2O2S：0.09Ti长余辉磷光体发光性能的影响

采用高温还原法合成了一种新型无稀土掺杂Y₂O₂S:0.09Ti长余辉发光材料。基于助熔剂种类对长余辉发光材料特性的重要作用,选择了对余辉衰减初期和后期余辉强度有明显作用的Li₂CO₃和K₃PO₄两种助熔剂,研究了不同配比(以下用x表示,x=Li₂CO₃/(Li₂CO₃+K₃PO₄))的复合助熔剂对Y₂O₂S:0.09Ti磷光体晶体结构和发光性能的作用,以获得具有较好综合发光性能的Y₂O₂S:0.09Ti磷光体。采用PL光谱和余辉测试仪对材料的发光特性进行了表征,用XRD研究了其晶体结构的变化。XRD结果表明,在复合助熔剂范围内(x=0~1.0)均可获得单相性的Y₂O₂S:0.09Ti磷光体。同时发现复合助熔剂比例不同制备的样品中,Y₂O₂S:0.09Ti磷光体晶体择优取向也发生明显的变化,且高比例Li₂CO₃有助于Y₂O₂S:0.09Ti磷光体的晶体形成。复合助熔剂比例x对样品的激发峰与发射谱主峰位置(565nm)基本没有影响;但助熔剂比例x对发射峰强度则有明显影响,随着x增加,该磷光体的发光强度先增后减,在x=0.8时发光强度最大。     

Preparation and characterization of Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals

We present a reliable method for growing single crystals of Y_1−xPr_xBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ high-T_c superconductors in ZrO₂ crucibles. This method results in crystals with greatly improved superconducting properties compared to crystals grown with the previously reported methods which use Al₂O₃ crucibles. We describe techniques for crystal growth in both Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ crucibles using an excess of BaCo₃ and CuO as the flux. The crystals were characterized by means of DC magnetic-susceptibility measurements, electrical-resistivity measurements, and electron microprobe analysis. The effects of Al contamination on the conditions for crystal growth and on the superconducting properties of the crystals are found to be quite significant.     

Effect of Ag promoter on redox properties and catalytic performance of Ag-Mo-P-O catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

The influence of addition of sliver ions on the redox properties and catalytic performance of molybdenum-phosphate catalyst in oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane has been investigated. MoO₃ and AgMoO₂PO₄ have been detected in Ag-doped Mo-P-O catalysts. The redox properties have been characterized by H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic performance of MoO₃, Ag₂O, AgMoO₂PO₄ and Ag-doped Mo-P-O catalysts has also been examined. The incorporation of Ag improved the number of Mo⁵⁺ species and the reducibility of the catalysts. The Ag-doped catalysts favor activity and selectivity in ODH of propane higher than the undoped catalyst. The best catalyst was obtained with Ag/Mo ratio of 0.3 and MoO₃/AgMoO₂PO₄ ratio of 1.1. The influence of promoter Ag⁺ on redox properties and catalytic performance is due to forming redox couple “Ag⁰+Mo⁶⁺Ag⁺+Mo⁵⁺” and the synergetic effect originating from “coherent interface” between MoO₃ and AgMoO₂PO₄.     

Growth and magnetism of Ni nanoparticles in Ni/Al2O3/Si or Si3N4 multilayers

We report on the fabrication of Ni/Al₂O₃/Si and textured Ni/Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄ multilayers containing Ni nanoparticles that exhibit significantly improved results. The secondary phases arising from thermal reaction between Ni and Si can be remarkably suppressed with increasing layers of Al₂O₃ and deposition of Ni/Al₂O₃ multilayers on Si₃N₄ substrates. Atomic force microscopy shows the formation of large as well as nanoclusters of Ni when grown on Si, whereas textured Ni nanoparticles are formed on Si₃N₄ substrates. The magnetization measurements on Ni/Al₂O₃/Si containing a single buffer layer of Al₂O₃ shows higher coercivity field with magnetic nanowire-like behavior, whereas with several Al₂O₃ alternate layers almost a superparamagnetic-like behavior is observed. However, significantly improved magnetic hysteresis was observed in textured Ni/Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄ multilayers due to preferred alignment of Ni nanocrystallites.     

不同退火温度的Al_2O_3:C薄膜热释光和光释光性能

α-Al_2O_3:C晶体的热释光和光释光性能优越,但其制备要求高,需高温和高还原气氛.与α-Al_2O_3:C晶体性能接近的α-Al_2O_3:C陶瓷,热释光峰不单一.本文采用两次阳极氧化法在0.5 mol/L的草酸溶液中5℃恒温制备高度均匀有序的多孔Al_2O_3:C薄膜,主要研究不同退火温度对其热释光和光释光特性的影响.结果表明,经不同温度退火后的Al_2O_3:C薄膜均为非晶结构;不同退火温度的Al_2O_3:C薄膜热释光的主发光峰约在310℃左右,符合通用级动力学模型.600℃退火后的Al_2O_3:C薄膜热释光灵敏度最强,其热释光剂量曲线在1-10 Gy范围内具有很好的线性响应,在剂量10-120 Gy范围内出现超线性响应;在相同的辐照剂量下,随着退火温度的升高(≤600℃)光释光的初始发光强度逐渐增强.不同退火温度的Al_2O_3:C薄膜光释光衰减曲线都呈典型的指数衰减且快衰减速率相比α-Al_2O_3:C晶体显著加快.600℃退火后的Al_2O_3:C薄膜光释光灵敏度最强,其光释光剂量响应曲线在1-200 Gy整体上都具有很好的剂量线性关系.与热释光相比,Al_2O_3:C薄膜的光释光具有更宽的线性剂量响应范围.此研究为Al_2O_3:C薄膜作为光释光辐射剂量材料做出了有益的探索.     

Effect of Intense Laser Irradiation on the Lattice Stability of Al_2Au

The structural, electronic and lattice-dynamical properties of the intermetallic Al 2 Au at different electronic temperatures have been investigated via density functional calculations. The results of electronic density of state indicate that, although its value changes considerably, Al2Au is still of metal with the increasing of electronic temperature. The acoustic mode of Al2Au gets negative which leads to lattice dynamical instability when the electronic temperature is beyond 1.44 eV. Moreover, with the increasing of the electronic temperature, the vibrational frequencies of the T1u optical mode (triply degenerate) of Al2Au at Γ point decrease first and increase then, the turning point is at Te = 1.40 eV. T2g optical mode at Γ point has a similar situation, but the turning point is at Te = 1.80 eV. The predicted melting temperatures of Al2Au undergo a sharp decrease from 1333K at normal temperature to 1172 K at Te = 1.8 eV after intense laser irradiation.     

Eu,Dy共掺杂SrAl2O4长余辉材料制备新工艺

活化Al-Sr合金粉末水解制备SrAl₂O₄长余辉材料的前驱体,并采用高温固相反应法制备出Eu,Dy共掺杂的SrAl₂O₄长余辉材料,对其微观结构和发光特性进行了研究。实验结果表明:前驱体中Al、Sr元素在微观状态下分布均匀,所制成的长余辉发光材料的发射主峰位于520nm附近,为典型的Eu²⁺离子4f5d-4f的特征发射,初始亮度达到18cd/m²,余辉时间长达46h。     

空位缺陷和相变对冲击压缩下蓝宝石光学性质的影响

为了探究冲击压缩下蓝宝石光学性质的变化行为,本文采用第一性原理方法,在180 GPa的压力范围内计算了蓝宝石理想晶体和含空位点缺陷晶体的光学性质.吸收光谱数据表明,仅考虑压力和温度因素不能解释冲击消光实验的结果,而冲击诱导的氧离子空位点缺陷应该是导致该结果的一个重要原因.波长在532 nm处的折射率数据表明:1)蓝宝石的两个高压结构相变将导致其折射率明显上升;在Corundum和Rh_2O_3相区,其折射率将随冲击压力增大而降低;在CalrO_3相区,压力小于172 GPa时,其折射率随冲击压力增大而缓慢地降低,但172 GPa以上时折射率却随冲击压力增大而逐渐增大;2)空位点缺陷对折射率随冲击压力的变化规律有明显的影响.本文结果不仅有助于增强用空位点缺陷的物理机理来解释蓝宝石冲击透明性损伤现象的可靠性,而且对未来进一步的实验研究以及发展新型窗口材料有重要的参考作用.     

掺杂晶体材料Al2O3∶Ni2+中顺磁离子N2+局域结构及其电子顺磁共振参量的研究

按照叠加模型和微扰理论,建立了电子顺磁共振（EPR）参量（D, g_∥, g_⊥）与Al_2O3∶Ni²⁺晶体局域结构之间的定量关系. 利用EPR参量决定了Al₂O₃∶N i²⁺晶体的局域结构. 通过考虑适当的晶格畸变,成功地解释了Al₂O₃∶Ni²⁺晶体基态很大的零场分裂和各向异性的g因子. 获得了Ni²⁺ 离子上方最近邻的三个O^2-离子偏向111〕晶轴0.603°, 而Ni²⁺离子下方的三个O^2-离子偏向〔111〕晶轴0.598°.     

水热体系TeO2-K3PO4-H2O中一个新化合物——K2Te4O9·3H2O的合成与结晶

作者用水热法对TeO₂-K₃PO₄-H₂O体系作了初步的合成与结晶尝试。在给定的条件和组成范围内除了能形成TeO₂晶体外,还能生成一种点阵参数为a=b=10.734?,c=21.041?,α=β=90°,γ=120°的三方晶系的化合物γ,其分子式为K₂Te₄O₉·3H₂O。结晶区的产物主要取决于原料的k=TeO₂/K₃PO₄(克分子比:当k≤1.9时,仅生成γ晶体;k≥2.22时,单独生成TeO₂晶体;而当1.92晶体出现,本文还给出了γ晶相的DTA曲线和X射线粉末衍射谱线的相对强度与相应面间距的详细数据。 关键词：     

正磷酸盐晶体Ba3(PO4)2和Sr3(PO4)2高温拉曼光谱研究

测量了碱土金属正磷酸盐Ba₃(PO₄)₂和Sr₃(PO₄)₂常温及高温拉曼光谱, 对拉曼振动模式进行指认, 并分析了晶体拉曼振动光谱及晶体结构在高温下的变化. 在温度升高的过程中, 拉曼振动频率向低频移动且振动峰宽度展宽, 晶体中的P-O平均键长随温度升高而变长, 但O-P-O的键角并未发生变化. 晶体在900 ℃以下无结构相变发生. 关键词： 3(PO₄)₂和Sr₃(PO₄)₂')" href="#">Ba₃(PO₄)₂和Sr₃(PO₄)₂ 高温拉曼光谱 振动模式 高温结构     

Eu3+掺杂的含氧磷酸盐发光性质

采用固态反应法制备了Gd₃PO₇:Eu³⁺ 和 La₃PO₇:Eu³⁺发光材料,通过X射线衍射和SEM确定了样品的结构和形貌。 在真空紫外光的激发下,Gd₃PO₇:Eu³⁺样品展示了较弱的基质吸收;但在紫外光的激发下,Gd₃PO₇:Eu³⁺显示了比La₃PO₇:Eu³⁺更强的红光发射,其原因是在Gd₃PO₇:Eu³⁺中存在Gd³⁺到Eu³⁺的有效能量传递过程。两个样品的发射光谱峰值位于618 nm,属于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₂跃迁。Eu³⁺在材料中处于较低的格位对称环境,具有很好的色纯度。     

多面体共替代对Sr_2(Al_(1–x) Mg_x)(Al_(1–x) Si_(1+x))O_7:Eu~(2+)晶体结构和发光颜色的影响

采用高温固相法合成Sr_(1.98)(Al_(1–x) Mg_x)(Al_(1–x) Si_(1+x))O_7: 2%Eu~(2+)荧光粉完全固溶体,利用X射线衍射、光致发光光谱和光学显微镜进行晶体结构和发光性能的研究. Sr_2Al_2SiO_7和Sr_2MgSi_2O_7同构化合物中包含[MgO_4]、[SiO_4]和[AlO_4]四面体,较大体积的[MgO_4]和较小体积的[SiO_4],共同替代体积相似的[AlO_4],导致[(Si/Al)O_4]收缩和[(Mg/Al)O_4]膨胀,晶胞参数c减少, a和V增大,使Eu~(2+)周围的环境发生改变,晶体场劈裂程度减小,发射峰位从503 nm蓝移至467 nm,实现发光光谱从绿色(0.2384, 0.3919)到蓝色(0.1342,0.1673)的转变.当x为0时,发射峰的半高宽为120 nm, x从0.25增加到1时,半高宽由89 nm逐渐减小至50 nm,多面体的替代会改变荧光粉的发光性能.     

Conductivity relaxation parameters of some H and K conducting in the polycrystalline compound KDyHP3O10

Polycrystalline samples of KDyHP₃O₁₀ was obtained by heating for 12 hour at 553 K a mixture containing K₂CO₃, Dy₂O₃ and H₃PO₄. Samples were characterized through X-ray diffraction, examined by IR vibrational spectroscopy and impedance and modulus spectroscopy techniques. The conductivity relaxation parameters of some H⁺ and K⁺ conducting in this compound have been determined from an analysis of ac conductivity data measured in a wide temperature range. Transport properties in this material appears as due to H⁺ and K⁺ ions hopping mechanism. The stretched exponential function exp[−(t/τ_σ)^β] has been used to describe the conductivity relaxation. The relaxation parameters have been investigated as a function of the nature of mobile ions. The results obtained are shown to be in good agreement with the predictions of the Ngai coupling model.     

基于光谱分析探讨磷酸与焦磷酸改性生物炭的磷素形态

通过磷酸（H₃PO₄）和焦磷酸（H₄P₂O₇）对生物炭改性能够使其更适于农业应用。探明H₃PO₄和H₄P₂O₇改性生物炭的P赋存形态与结合方式，将有助于揭示其表面P的生物有效性。以麦秆生物炭（WBC）与棉秆生物炭（CBC）为原料，分别通过H₃PO₄和H₄P₂O₇制备了H₃PO₄改性生物炭（P-WBC和P-CBC）和H₄P₂O₇改性生物炭（PA-WBC和PA-CBC）。利用拉曼光谱（Raman）与扫描电镜能谱（SEM-EDS）对改性生物炭结构与P分布变化进行表征，采用傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）探究改性生物炭表面P结合方式，并结合Hedley磷分级方法与可见分光光度法，定量分析改性前后生物炭中P形态及含量变化。结果表明，H₃PO₄和H₄P₂O₇改性后生物炭I_G/I_D值增大，石墨化结构增强，形成了含P颗粒状结构。H₃PO₄和H₄P₂O₇改性促进了生物炭表面羧基（—COOH）、P—O—P和P—H等酸性官能团与含P基团的形成，且H₃PO₄改性生物炭和H₄P₂O₇改性生物炭表面官能团种类相似。XPS结果显示，与WBC和CBC相比，改性处理中的O(1s)峰相对含量显著增加了13.15%~32.44%，P(2s)峰相对含量显著增加了18.54%~27.02%（p<0.05）。反褶积分峰将P(2s)与O(1s)分为C—P—O，C—O—P，OPO，CO与（或）PO，C—O—C与（或）P—O—C和P—O—P六类。较H₃PO₄改性而言，H₄P₂O₇改性能够促进更多C—O—P，OPO，C—O—C与（或）P—O—C和P—O—P键的形成。改性也使得生物炭中总P含量显著增加，且PA-WBC和PA-CBC中P含量显著高于P-WBC和P-CBC。与WBC和CBC相比，改性处理中活性P含量显著提高2.36~14.77 g·kg-1，稳定态P含量显著降低0.06~0.17 g·kg-1（p<0.05）。与P-WBC和P-CBC相比，PA-WBC和PA-CBC的活性P、中等活性P分别显著增加了5.27~15.66和0.53~0.64 g·kg-1, 稳定态P含量减少了0.03~0.34 g·kg-1（p<0.05）。H₃PO₄和H₄P₂O₇改性改变了P在生物炭表面的结合方式，同时增加了P的活性。H₃PO₄和H₄P₂O₇改性生物炭间，不同形态P含量和结合方式的差异对进一步探究P的生物有效性具有重要意义。     

Ba5(PO4)3Cl：Eu2+荧光粉的制备和发光性能研究

以Eu₂O₃、NH₄H₂PO₄、BaCl₂·2H₂O、BaCO₃为原料,用高温固相法制备出Ba₅（PO₄）₃Cl：Eu²⁺荧光粉。用XRD衍射仪和荧光分光光度计分别测试样品的物相结构和荧光性能。结果表明：制备得到的Ba₅（PO₄）₃Cl：Eu²⁺为单相,在245~425 nm范围均有较大吸收,具有最强峰在435 nm的窄带发射。该荧光粉的发光强度受Eu²⁺浓度的影响较大,其发光随着Eu²⁺浓度的增加先增强后减弱。当Eu²⁺摩尔分数为3%时,发光强度达到最大。     

Optical properties of wavelength-tunable green-emitting color conversion glass ceramics

Color conversion glass ceramics are prepared by cosintering borosilicate glass frits and green 0.06Ce:Y_2.94(Al_1-xGa_x)₅O₁₂ phosphors. The crystal structures, the influence of Ga concentration on the photoluminescence (PL), and reliability properties of the color conversion glass ceramics are investigated. The PL emission wavelengths of 0.06Ce:Y_2.94(Al_1-xGa_x)₅O₁₂ glass ceramics show blue shift from 545 nm to 525 nm with increasing Ga content (x value) under excited at 460 nm. Reliability test results show that the quantum yield (QY) of 0.06Ce:Y_2.94(Al_1-xGa_x)₅O₁₂ glass ceramics decreases from 70.60% to 59.06% with x value increasing from 0.15 to 0.35 under the ambient condition of 85℃/RH85% for the exposure time of 168 h. And the quantum yield (QY) of 0.06Ce:Y_2.94(Al_1-xGa_x)₅O₁₂ glass ceramics decreases from 65.13% to 52.23% after being soaked into boiled water for 4 h. The finding reveals that the addition of Ga can deteriorate the reliability of the color conversion glass ceramics.     

掺铥钨酸镱钾激光晶体结构模拟及振动光谱

采用泡生法生长了掺铥钨酸镱钾（KTm_0.1Yb_0.9（WO₄）₂）激光晶体。利用X射线单晶衍射法和X射线粉末衍射法研究了KTm_0.1Yb_0.9（WO₄）₂晶体的物相与结构。采用X射线单晶衍射法并结合Diamond晶体结构绘图软件,获得了晶体内部结构模型图：该晶体是由WO₆、TmO₈/YbO₈和KO₁₂基团组成。W₂O₁₀二聚体通过WOW单氧桥相连,在平行于c轴方向上形成（W₂O₈）_n多重带。ReO₈和KO₁₂多面体共顶相连,沿[101]和[110]方向形成了具有二维层结构的延长带。X射线粉末衍射分析表明：该晶体具有低温β相双钨酸盐结构,属于单斜晶系,空间群C2/c;计算了晶胞参数、晶粒尺寸和结晶度。测试了晶体的振动光谱,对各个峰值的红外和拉曼活性及分子振动情况进行了归属,进一步验证了晶体中WO₆原子基团及单氧桥（WOW）和双氧桥（WOOW）的存在。     

The response of thermally and optically stimulated luminescence from Al2O3:C to high-energy heavy charged particles

The thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) response of Al₂O₃ dosimeters to high-energy heavy charged particles (HCP) has been studied using the heavy ion medical accelarator at Chiba, Japan. The samples were Al₂O₃ single-crystal chips, of the type usually known as TLD-500, and Luxel^TM dosimeters (Al₂O₃:C powder in plastic) from Landauer Inc. The samples were exposed to ⁴He (150 MeV/u), ¹²C (400 MeV/u), ²⁸Si (490 MeV/u) and ⁵⁶Fe (500 MeV/u) ions, with linear energy transfer values covering the range from 2.26 to 189 keV/μm in water and doses from 1 to 100 mGy (to water). A ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y beta source, calibrated against a ⁶⁰Co secondary standard, was used for calibration purposes. For OSL, we used both continuous-wave OSL measurements (CW-OSL, using green light stimulation at 525 nm) and pulsed OSL measurements (POSL, using 532 nm stimulation from a Nd:YAG Q-switched laser). The efficiencies (η_HCP,γ) of the different HCPs at producing OSL or TL were observed to depend not only upon the linear energy transfer (LET) of the HCP, but also upon the sample type (single crystal chip or Luxel^TM) and the luminescence method used to define the signal—i.e. TL, CW-OSL initial intensity, CW-OSL total area, or POSL. Observed changes in shape of the decay curve lead to potential methods for extracting LET information of unknown radiation fields. A discussion of the results is given, including the potential use of OSL from Al₂O₃ in the areas of space radiation dosimetry and radiation oncology.