CHx(x=2~4)在Fe(110)表面吸附的DFT研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期平板模型相结合的方法,对物种CHx(x=2~4)在Fe(110)表面的top,hcp,SB和LB位的吸附模型进行了结构优化、能量计算,得到了各物种较有利的吸附位;并对最佳吸附位进行密立根电荷和总态密度分析。结果表明：CH4在Fe(110)表面的最稳定吸附位都是SB位,吸附能别是-38.14 kJ•mol-1,CH3在Fe(110)表面的最稳定吸附位都是top位,吸附能别是-171.78 kJ•mol-1,而CH2在Fe(110)表面的最稳定吸附位hcp的吸附能是-342.43 kJ•mol-1;CH3 和CH2两物种与金属表面成键,属于化学吸附。     

HCOOH在Pd-Fe(111)(nPd:nFe=1:1)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期性平板模型相结合的方法,对HCOOH在Pd(111)表面top, fcc, hcp, bridge 四个吸附位和Pd-Fe(111)表面Pd-top, Fe-top, PdPd-bridge, PdFe-bridge, FeFe-bridge, Pd2Fe-hcp, PdFe2-hcp, Pd2Fe –fcc, PdFe2-fcc等9个吸附位的13种吸附模型进行了能量计算、构型优化,得到了HCOOH较有利的吸附位;并对清洁表面进行能带分析。结果表明：掺杂Fe后,Pd催化剂对HCOOH催化活性增强;HCOOH在Pd(111)表面的最稳定吸附位fcc的吸附能是-41.8kJ•mol-1,在Pd-Fe(111)表面的最稳定吸附位Pd2Fe-hcp的吸附能是-126.5 kJ•mol-1,而且HCOOH在金属表面属于化学吸附。     

C_2H_x(x=4～6)在Ni(111)表面吸附的DFT研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期平板模型相结合的方法,对物种C_2H_x(x=4～6)在Ni(111)表面的top,fcc,hcp和bridge位的吸附模型进行了结构优化、能量计算,得到了各物种较有利的吸附位;并对最佳吸附位进行密立根电荷和总态密度分析.结果表明:C_2H_6和C_2H_4在Ni(111)表面的最稳定吸附位都是top位,吸附能分别是-36.41和-48.62 kJ·mol~(-1),物种与金属表面吸附较弱;而C_2H_5在Ni(111)表面的最稳定吸附位hcp的吸附能是-100.21 kJ·mol~(-1),物种与金属表面较强;三物种与金属表面之间都有电荷转移,属于化学吸附.     

HCOOH在Pd-Fe(111)(nPd∶nFe=1∶1)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究简

采用密度泛函理论与周期性平板模型相结合的方法,对HCOOH在Pd(111)表面top,fcc,hcp,bridge四个吸附位和Pd-Fe(111)表面Pd-top,Fe-top,PdPd-bridge,PdFe-bridge,FeFe-bridge,Pd2Fehcp,PdFe2-hcp,Pd2Fe-fcc,PdFe2-fcc等9个吸附位的13种吸附模型进行了能量计算、构型优化,得到了HCOOH较有利的吸附位;并对清洁表面进行能带分析.结果表明:掺杂Fe后,Pd催化剂对HCOOH催化活性增强;HCOOH在Pd(111)表面的最稳定吸附位fcc的吸附能是-41.8kJ·mol-1,在Pd-Fe(111)表面的最稳定吸附位Pd2Fe-hcp的吸附能是-126.5kJ·mol-1,而且HCOOH在金属表面属于化学吸附.     

2-丙醇和1,1,1-三氟-2-丙醇在Ni(100)表面的裂解机理

本文研究了2-丙醇和1,1,1-三氟-2-丙醇在Ni(100)表面解离的可能微观反应机理,使用完全线性同步和二次同步变换(complete LST/QST)方法确定解离反应的过渡态。采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论与周期平板模型相结合的方法,优化了2-丙醇和1,1,1-三氟-2-丙醇裂解反应过程各物种在Ni(100)表面的top,hollow和bridge位的吸附模型,计算了能量,并对布局电荷进行了分析,得到了各物种的有利吸附位。结果表明： 2-丙醇和1,1,1-三氟-2-丙醇在Ni(100)表面都存在β-H和γ-H两个平行竞争的解离过程,其中2-丙醇在Ni(100)表面β-H解离的速控步骤活化能为64.7 kJ∙mol-1,而γ-H解离速控步骤活化能为233.1kJ∙mol-1,故β-H解离过程占优势,主要产物是CH3COCH3;相反,1,1,1-三氟-2-丙醇在Ni(100)表面β-H解离的速控步骤活化能为257.1 kJ∙mol-1,而γ-H解离速控步骤活化能为148.1kJ∙mol-1,故γ-H解离过程占优势,主要产物是CF3CH=CH2。由此说明,电负性更大的氟原子取代2-丙醇中的氢原子之后,2-丙醇在Ni表面的解离机理发生了改变。理论预测结果与实验结论一致。     

N_2在Co掺杂Ru(001)表面吸附的DFT研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期性平板模型相结合的方法,对N_2在Ru(001)表面top、fcc、hcp、bridge四个吸附位和Ru-Co(001)表面Ru-top、Co-top、Ru(Ru)Ru-bridge、Co(Co)Co-bridge、Ru(Co)Co-bridge、Ru(Ru)Co-bridge、Ru_2Co-hcp、RuCo_2-hcp、Ru_2Co-fcc、RuCo_2-fcc十个吸附位的14种吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算,得到了N_2较有利的吸附位;并对清洁表面进行能带分析,对最佳吸附位进行总态密度分析.结果表明:掺杂Co后,Ru催化剂的能带变宽,催化活性增强;N_2在Ru(001)表面的最稳定吸附位top的吸附能是-88.94 kJ·mol~(-1),在Ru-Co(001)表面的最稳定吸附位Ru-top的吸附能是-95.71 kJ·mol~(-1),而且N_2与金属表面成键,属于化学吸附.     

CO在Pd掺杂Rh(111)表面吸附的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论与周期性平板模型相结合的方法,对CO在Rh(111)表面top、fcc、hcp、bridge四个吸附位和Rh-Pd(111)表面Rh-top、Pd-top、Rh Rh-bridge、Rh Pd-bridge、Pd Pd-bridge、Rh2Pdhcp、Rh Pd2-hcp、Rh2Pd-fcc、Rh Pd2-fcc九个吸附位的13种吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算,得到了CO较有利的吸附位;并对最佳吸附位进行总态密度分析.结果表明:CO在Rh(111)和Rh-Pd(111)表面的最稳定吸附位分别为Rh-hcp和Rh-top位,其吸附能的大小顺序为Ph(111)Rh-Pt(111);CO与金属表面成键,属于化学吸附.     

甲氧基在Ir(111)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用第一性原理和周期平板模型相结合的方法,对甲氧基在Ir(111)表面top,bridge,fcc和hcp位的吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算、Mulliken电荷布居分析以及差分电荷密度计算.结果表明,甲氧基通过氧原子与金属表面相互作用时,垂直吸附在fcc位是最有利的吸附构型,吸附能为2.26eV,此时电子从金属表面向甲氧基转移.吸附过程中C-O键振动频率发生红移,表明在该表面C-O键容易被活化.结合差分电荷密度分析表明,吸附时CH3O中氧的2p原子轨道和铱的dz2原子轨道相互作用形成σ键.     

甲氧基在Ir(111)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用第一性原理和周期平板模型相结合的方法,对甲氧基在Ir(111)表面top, bridge, fcc和hcp位的吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算、Mulliken电荷布居分析以及差分电荷密度计算。结果表明,甲氧基通过氧原子与金属表面相互作用时,垂直吸附在fcc位是最有利的吸附构型,吸附能为2.26 eV,此时电子从金属表面向甲氧基转移。吸附过程中C-O键振动频率发生红移,表明在该表面C-O键容易被活化。结合差分电荷密度分析表明,吸附时CH3O中氧的2p原子轨道和铱的dz2原子轨道相互作用形成σ键。     

两种薁磺酰胺席夫碱衍生物分子的光谱和热力学性质计算研究

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,对两种薁磺酰胺席夫碱衍生物的分子结构、红外光谱、电子吸收光谱及热力学性质进行计算研究,并基于Tomasi的极化统一场模型(PCM)讨论电子吸收光谱的溶剂效应. 结果表明,红外光谱计算值与实验值吻合,电子吸收光谱都是π-π*跃迁,溶剂及溶剂极性大小对最低能量吸收波长无影响. 酚羟基的引入增大席夫碱的共轭体系,有利于提高分子的生物活性. 298 K时,两种衍生物的 分别为5544.3, 5304.6 kJ•mol-1, 分别为20548.7, 20331.2 kJ•mol-1, 分别为857.5, 881.1 J•mol-1•K-1.     

A UPS and LEED/Auger study of adsorbates on Fe(110)

Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and LEED/Auger were used to study adsorbed species of C, N, O, S, CO, NO, and C₂H₂ on Fe(110). The complicated “carbon ring” LEED patterns were shown to be due to atomic carbon and/or nitrogen. Molecular nitrogen does not stick at or above room temperature on Fe(110). The optical excitation probability of the 3p electrons of segregated sulphur is found to have a Cooper minimum aroundhω=40.8 eV. Carbon monoxide chemisorbs molecularly at room temperature and then dissociates slowly. Only dissociative CO adsorption was observed atT=385 K. Acetylene also adsorbs molecularly but does not dissociate at room temperature. By contrast, nitric oxide chemisorption is completely dissociative at room temperature.     

Cl在GaAs(110)面上的吸附

本文主要研究Cl是吸附在GaAs(110)理想表面还是弛豫表面,是与表面正离子成键还是与表面负离子成键。计算采用集团模型和密度自洽的EHT方法。结果表明Cl只能吸附在弛豫的GaAs(110)面上,与表面As原子成键。在这个位置上吸附Cl的态密度与实验符合较好。 关键词：     

The adsorption of ammonia on an Fe(110) single-crystal surface studied by high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (eels)

The EELS spectra of ammonia adsorbed on an Fe(110) surface at 110 K reveal four different adsorption states of molecular ammonia with increasing coverage : chemisorption at “on-top” sites, chemisorption at multi-coordinated sites, adsorption in a second layer, and multilayer condensation.Thermal processing of an ammonia-covered sample to 155 K causes desorption of both the condensed phase and the second layer without any fragmentation of ammonia.Further heating of the sample leads to a much weaker desorption of molecular ammonia up to a temperature of 260 K. EELS spectra recorded after heating to 290 K show only small amounts of atomic nitrogen and hydrogen present on the surface, indicating partial decomposition of ammonia.The formation of species such as NH₂ (ads) or NH (ads) during the thermal-processing experiments could not be observed.     

Ab initio chemisorption studies of H on Fe(110)

Ab initio configuration interaction calculations are performed to study the chemisorption of atomic H on a Fe(110) surface. The lattice is modeled as an embedded three-layer, 40-atom cluster with the Fe atoms fixed at the bulk position. Fe 3d orbitals are explicitly included on five Fe atoms on the surface. Hydrogen strongly binds to the Fe(110) surface at the long-bridge, short-bridge, and quasi three-fold sites. The calculated adsorption energies are 2.76, 2.73, and 2.71 eV, respectively. H-surface bonding at the on-top Fe site is more than 0.4 eV weaker. The calculated H-surface distances are 0.89, 1.03, and 0.87 Å for H at the long-bridge, short-bridge, and quasi three-fold sites, respectively, which agrees well with the LEED value of 0.9 ± 0.1 Å. The H-surface stretching vibrational frequencies are calculated to be 1070, 1066, and 1073 cm⁻¹, at the long-bridge, short-bridge, and quasi three-fold sites, respectively. The work function of Fe(110) decreases on H adsorption. The present calculations indicate that H diffusion into the bulk through the short-bridge site will have a much higher activation barrier than via the long-bridge and quasi three-fold sites.     

A density functional study of atomic hydrogen and oxygen chemisorption on the relaxed (0001) surface of double hexagonal close packed americium

Ab initio total energy calculations within the framework of density functional theory have been performed for atomic hydrogen and oxygen chemisorption on the (0001) surface of double hexagonal packed americium using a full-potential all-electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method. Chemisorption energies were optimized with respect to the distance of the adatom from the relaxed surface for three adsorption sites, namely top, bridge, and hollow hcp sites, the adlayer structure corresponding to coverage of a 0.25 monolayer in all cases. Chemisorption energies were computed at the scalar-relativistic level (no spin-orbit coupling NSOC) and at the fully relativistic level (with spin-orbit coupling SOC). The two-fold bridge adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for O at both the NSOC and SOC theoretical levels with chemisorption energies of 8.204 eV and 8.368 eV respectively, while the three-fold hollow hcp adsorption site was found to be the most stable site for H with chemisorption energies of 3.136 eV at the NSOC level and 3.217 eV at the SOC level. The respective distances of the H and O adatoms from the surface were found to be 1.196 ?and 1.164 ?. Overall our calculations indicate that chemisorption energies in cases with SOC are slightly more stable than the cases with NSOC in the 0.049–0.238 eV range. The work functions and net magnetic moments respectively increased and decreased in all cases compared with the corresponding quantities of bare dhcp Am (0001) surface. The partial charges inside the muffin-tins, difference charge density distributions, and the local density of states have been used to analyze the Am-adatom bond interactions in detail. The implications of chemisorption on Am 5f electron localization-delocalization are also discussed.     

First principles study of oxygen adsorption on nickel-doped graphite

Density functional theory is used in a spin-polarized plane wave pseudopotential implementation to investigate molecular oxygen adsorption and dissociation on graphite and nickel-doped graphite surfaces. Molecular oxygen physisorbs on graphite surface retaining its magnetic property. The calculated adsorption energy is consistent with the experimental value of ?0.1?eV. It is found that substituting a carbon atom of the graphite surface by a single doping nickel atom (2.8% content) makes the surface active for oxygen chemisorption. It is found that the molecular oxygen never adsorbs on doping nickel atom while it adsorbs and dissociates spontaneously into atomic oxygens on the carbon atoms which are bound to the nickel. The adsorption energy of ?1.4?eV and zero activation energy barrier indicate that O₂ dissociative adsorption is both thermodynamically and kinetically favoured over the surface. The large electric field near the doping nickel atom along with the excess electrons on the neighbouring carbon atoms, which are bound to the nickel induce molecular oxygen to adsorb and dissociate favourably.     

NH_x(x=1～3)在金属Ir表面吸附与解离的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论,在slab模型下,研究了NH_x(x=1~3)在Ir(100)、Ir(111)和Ir(110)表面上的最稳定吸附位置、几何构型以及逐步脱氢分解过程,计算了相应的吸附能和活化能.计算结果表明,在Ir(100)、Ir(111)面上,NH_3是以C_3轴垂直吸附在顶位,在Ir(110)上,NH_3是以N-Ir键与表面成68.6°吸附在顶位,且吸附能依赖于表面的结构而不同,相比而言,NH_3更容易吸附在开放表面Ir(100)、Ir(110)面上,说明NH_3在这些表面的吸附具有结构敏感性.NH_(x(x=1~3))的分解,在Ir(100),NH_3的吸附与分解存在竞争,在Ir(110)面NH_3最容易分解,在Ir(111)面NH_3是分子性吸附,不能分解.NH_2、NH在三个表面均能够分解,在Ir(110)面活化能均较高.