基于虚拟仪器的视频图像采集系统设计

应用虚拟仪器技术，在Lab VIEW7．1开发平台上设计了利用IMAQ Vision for LabVIEW基于NI IMAQ 1405图像采集卡的图像采集系统。该系统对CCD电视、红外热像仪等输出的模拟视频图像具有采集能力，且结构简单，扩展方便，效率高，通用性强，显示了虚拟仪器技术的在信息技术研发中的显著优势。     

X光探伤电视的微机图像处理系统的研究

Ｘ光探伤电视系统虽然具备节省Ｘ光软片和可在线探伤等优点以外，还存在着图像分辨率不很高的问题。其图像分辨率不很高的主要原因是由于Ｘ光所激发的二次射线造成的，这是一种随机的噪声干扰。利用在计算机图像处理中的叠加平均法可有效的去除这种噪声干扰，从而提高Ｘ光探伤电视的图像分辨率。电视图像的数字化需要高速的信号采集系统。用硬件构成的图像存贮体可实现高速的图像信号采集，并结合开窗口技术使得Ｘ光探伤电视的成本降低，为高分辨率Ｘ光探伤电视的广泛应用创造了有利的条件。这些对保证产品质量具有十分重要的意义。     

总变差约束的数据分离最小图像重建模型及其Chambolle-Pock求解算法

基于优化的迭代法,可以结合压缩感知和低秩矩阵等稀疏优化技术高精度地重建图像.其中,总变差最小（total variation minimization,TV）模型是一种简单有效的优化模型.传统的约束TV模型,使用数据保真项为约束项,TV正则项为目标函数.本文研究TV约束的、数据分离最小（TV constrained,data divergence minimization,TVcDM）新型TV模型及其求解算法.详细推导了TVcDM模型的Chambolle-Pock（CP）算法,验证了模型及算法的正确性;分析了算法的收敛行为;评估了模型的稀疏重建能力;分析了模型参数的选择对重建的影响及算法参数对收敛速率的影响.研究表明,TVcDM模型有高精度稀疏重建能力;TVcDM-CP算法确保收敛,但迭代过程中有振荡现象;TV限对重建有重要影响,参数值过大会引入噪声而过小会模糊图像细节;算法参数的不同选取会导致不同的收敛速率.     

微光电视成像系统表征方法

 在分析微光电视成像系统的基础上，提出了适用于微光电视成像系统仿真所用的微光场景图像数据的要求及生成方法；针对第二代近贴聚焦系统和第三代像增强系统，建立了微光电视成像系统的能量增益理论模型；引入３维噪声理论模型表征了微光成像系统的噪声；最后，提出了微光电视图像噪声抑制算法的评价方法。仿真结果表明：经微光系统传递后，图像中的高频信息变模糊，加入噪声后，信噪比降低；而经过5帧平均算法后的图像质量明显改善，对比度增加。     

Fast single image super-resolution using estimated low-frequency k-space data in MRI

PurposeSingle image super-resolution (SR) is highly desired in many fields but obtaining it is often technically limited in practice. The purpose of this study was to propose a simple, rapid and robust single image SR method in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI).MethodsThe idea is based on the mathematical formulation of the intrinsic link in k-space between a given (modulus) low-resolution (LR) image and the desired SR image. The method consists of two steps: 1) estimating the low-frequency k-space data of the desired SR image from a single LR image; 2) reconstructing the SR image using the estimated low-frequency and zero-filled high-frequency k-space data. The method was evaluated on digital phantom images, physical phantom MR images and real brain MR images, and compared with existing SR methods.ResultsThe proposed SR method exhibited a good robustness by reaching a clearly higher PSNR (25.77dB) and SSIM (0.991) averaged over different noise levels in comparison with existing edge-guided nonlinear interpolation (EGNI) (PSNR=23.78dB, SSIM=0.983), zero-filling (ZF) (PSNR=24.09dB, SSIM=0.985) and total variation (TV) (PSNR=24.54dB, SSIM=0.987) methods while presenting the same order of computation time as the ZF method but being much faster than the EGNI or TV method. The average PSNR or SSIM over different slice images of the proposed method (PSNR=26.33 dB or SSIM=0.955) was also higher than the EGNI (PSNR=25.07dB or SSIM=0.952), ZF (PSNR=24.97dB or SSIM=0.950) and TV (PSNR=25.70dB or SSIM=0.953) methods, demonstrating its good robustness to variation in anatomical structure of the images. Meanwhile, the proposed method always produced less ringing artifacts than the ZF method, gave a clearer image than the EGNI method, and did not exhibit any blocking effect presented in the TV method. In addition, the proposed method yielded the highest spatial consistency in the inter-slice dimension among the four methods.ConclusionsThis study proposed a fast, robust and efficient single image SR method with high spatial consistency in the inter-slice dimension for clinical MR images by estimating the low-frequency k-space data of the desired SR image from a single spatial modulus LR image.     

改进的5.1通路环绕声三扬声器虚拟重发系统

提出一种改进的5．1通路环绕声的三扬声器虚拟重发系统。本文首先指出,现有的两扬声器虚拟重发存在听音区域窄、声像稳定性差等缺陷。通过理论分析和心理声实验证明,采用一对布置在前方±30°的全频带扬声器和一个前方0°的高频中置扬声器组成5．1通路环绕声虚拟重发系统,不但可提高重发声像的稳定性,且扬声器布置实际可行,信号处理相对简单。因此所提出的虚拟系统及其扬声器布置是适合于电视和多媒体计算机的应用。     

电视经纬仪跟踪测量中运动目标快速识别定位算法

为解决电视经纬仪跟踪测量系统中对运动目标快速识别定位的要求,在深入分析运动目标特性和电视经纬仪跟踪测量系统特点的基础上,利用经纬仪角度变化信息,对运动目标图像序列进行帧间差值计算以获得目标残差图,并基于残差图提出了一种新型的运动目标快速识别方法,大大减少了运算量. 结合中值滤波和图像二值化,实现了运动目标的快速定位. 通过对目标实测图像序列的实验, 结果证明：该算法具有快速、稳定、有效等优点,能够满足电视经纬仪跟踪测量系统对运动目标快速识别定位的要求.     

基于全变差的弱小目标背景抑制

结构化背景抑制是红外弱小目标检测技术的一个难题。根据红外图像中目标和背景信号的特性,在定义Gabor函数为点扩展函数的基础上,提出了一种基于全变差滤波的背景抑制算法,该算法将图像的背景抑制转化为求解全变差滤波模型最小化,以便最终实现对红外图像的背景抑制。对真实的红外图像序列进行实验,并与小波域滤波算法进行了比较。几组实验结果表明,对在结构化背景下的红外弱小目标背景来说,从主观视觉和数值指标来看,该算法具有良好的抑制效果,且运算量较小,便于实时实现。     

Real-time seeing through moving fog

Holographic observations through moving fog yield better images than ordinary photography does. Previously, holography through fog suffered from a time delay caused by the photographic development process of the hologram plate. Now we use the cathode of a TV tube for recording temporarily an image plane hologram of the object. This hologram is reconstructed at TV speed by means of an electronic high pass filter. The reconstructed image on the monitor is far superior over an ordinary image taken through the same fog.     

基于Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的遥感图像去噪算法(英文)

针对大部分已有的遥感图像去噪算法在去噪的同时不能有效的保留细节和增强边缘,提出了一种基于Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的图像去噪新算法.该算法依据了Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换能够很好的保留原始图像的细节和纹理信息,而总变分最小化方法具有在去噪的同时增强图像边缘的特性,因此使用所提出的融合规则对两种算法去噪后的图像进行融合能够取得更好的增强效果.通过对比,实验结果表明该算法不仅能在很大程度上削弱分别由平移不变Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的图像去噪方法产生的伪吉布斯现象和阶梯效应,而且视觉效果和PSNR值均优于其它方法,同时该算法能够保留更多的光谱信息,因此该算法是一种有效的遥感图像去噪算法.     

基于Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的遥感图像去噪算法

针对很多已有的遥感图像去噪算法去噪的同时存在不能有效的保留细节和增强边缘的问题,提出了一种基于Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的图像去噪新算法。该算法依据了Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换能够很好的保留原始图像的细节和纹理信息,而总变分最小化方法具有在去噪的同时增强图像边缘的特性,因此使用所提出的融合规则对两种算法去噪后的图像进行融合能够取得更好的增强效果。通过对比,实验结果表明该算法不仅能在很大程度上削弱分别由平移不变Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的图像去噪方法产生的伪吉布斯现象和阶梯效应,而且视觉效果和PSNR值均优于其它方法,同时该算法能够保留更多的光谱信息,因此该算法是一种有效的遥感图像去噪算法。     

Acoustooptical system for imaging TV information by using a copper vapor laser

A laser acoustooptical system for projecting TV images onto a large-area screen is developed and produced. A copper-vapor laser with an average power of 20 W is used in it as a radiation source. Images are formed by using green and orange spectral lines. The exposure of a whole TV line on a screen in a time corresponding to the laser pulse duration is the principle governing the operation of the system. A TV line is formed by an acoustooptical modulator (AOM) designed on the basis of a paratellurite (TeO₂) crystal. Frame scanning of an image is performed by using an electromagnetic galvanometer. A high line and frame resolution of about 2000×1000 pixels in the TV standard is obtained. The system makes it possible to form a TV image of size greater than 20 m² with brightness of about 50 cd/m² at a distance of 20 to 100 m. Operating principles of the system and requirements imposed on the laser, the AOM, and other elements are considered.     

单帧两次记录技术在图像测速中的应用

利用电视图像技术的隔行扫描原理,把摄像机的一幅图像拆分为前后两场,经过最小误差示踪粒子匹配方法的图像处理,获得了较好的瞬时流矢图,CCD图像及计算机技术在大学物理实验教学中的应用是教学内容和教学方法改革的一个初步尝试。     

Blind image deconvolution subject to bandwidth and total variation constraints

We present a maximum likelihood (ML) deconvolution algorithm with bandwidth and total variation (TV) constraints for degraded image due to atmospheric turbulence. The bandwidth limit function is estimated in view of optical system parameters and Fourier optical theory. With the aid of bandwidth and TV minimization as compelling constraints, the algorithm can not only suppress noise effectively but also restrict the bandwidth of point-spread function (PSF) that may lead to trivial solution. Compared with the conventional ML method, the proposed algorithm is able to restore a noise-free image, and the detailed texture is better than that of ML.     

An Efficient Proximity Point Algorithm for Total-Variation-Based Image Restoration

In this paper, we propose a fast proximity point algorithm and apply it to total variation (TV) based image restoration. The novel method is derived from the idea of establishing a general proximity point operator framework based on which new first-order schemes for total variation (TV) based image restoration have been proposed. Many current algorithms for TV-based image restoration, such as Chambolle's projection algorithm, the split Bregman algorithm, the Bermúdez-Moreno algorithm, the Jia-Zhao denoising algorithm, and the fixed point algorithm, can be viewed as special cases of the new first-order schemes. Moreover, the convergence of the new algorithm has been analyzed at length. Finally, we make comparisons with the split Bregman algorithm which is one of the best algorithms for solving TV-based image restoration at present. Numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.     

基于全变分正则化的高能闪光照相消模糊图像重建算法

 针对高能闪光照相投影图像消模糊难度大的问题,提出了一种基于全变分正则化的消模糊图像重建算法,该算法根据闪光照相的成像特点,将客体的纵向截面作为一个整体来进行建模,并在重建方程中考虑了模糊因素,然后采用全变分范数作为正则项,构建了用于消模糊图像重建的展平泛函,将消模糊图像重建问题转化为能量泛函极小化问题,通过固定点迭代算法求解图像重建问题的最小化解。数值模拟结果表明：该算法由于考虑了闪光照相成像时的图像模糊因素,在重建时能够较好地消除模糊对重建结果的影响,在抑制噪声的同时能较好地保持图像的边缘信息,有利于提高重建图像的质量。     

激光辅助照明在电视观瞄具逆光成像上的应用

针对机载光电装备的电视观瞄具对逆光物体进行观瞄时,光亮度剧烈变化,会产生光晕,无法捕获有用细节这一问题,提出利用激光辅助照明成像方案提高物体在激光波段的照度。在观瞄逆光物体时,一方面通过降低相机的曝光时间降低相面照度,另一方面采用激光辅助照明,对逆光物体进行激光照射。通过实验,电视系统能够对激光的照射进行成像,逆光物体的图像边缘灰度差达到55,满足边缘检测的要求,能够分辨物体边缘信息。     

A REAL-TIME PICTURE MEMORY

A cheap real-time picture memory used for matching TV camera and TV monitor is described. The structure is very simple. It is able to do real-time accessing of video pictures and 256×256 picture elements with 4 bits of gray levels are used. The width of picture element is within 180ns.     

结合基于梯度的振铃评价算法的总变分最小化图像分块复原法

为了消除退化函数随空间变化发生变化模糊图像分块复原法子块之间的不平滑拼接缝,提出了一种结合了基于梯度的振铃评价算法梯度振铃评价(GRM)的总变分(TV)最小化分块复原法.根据图像分布及退化类型将模糊图像划分为矩形、环形或其他形状的子块,图像子块之间要留有一定的重叠区;然后对每一个图像子块进行复原,GRM方法是基于图像梯度结构相似度的图像质量评价算法,以GRM作为TV复原算法迭代过程中的收敛条件,可以更好地控制复原图像的振铃;最后去除复原图像子块含振铃波纹的重叠区,拼接得到完整图像.并以矩形分块及环形分块为例,证明该方法可以很好地抑制图像边界振铃效应,克服分块复原法本身的缺陷,得到拼接平滑的完整图像.     

New technique to record and playback holographic color video memories

A low-cost and simple color-encoding technique for holographic video memories is proposed and designated as a “stripe-coded” method. The playback system requires a laser of a single wavelength, a black-and-white vidicon installed TV camera and a common color TV monitor. One frame can be stored in a hologram of 4-mm diameter, and the storage density is several times higher than that of the conventional TV films. Color images of satisfactory hue and saturation were successfully restored.