离子液体存在下银的电沉积及其表面增强拉曼散射活性研究

离子液体作为一种绿色介质,在电化学领域的应用研究正在兴起,并已引起了研究者的浓厚兴趣。运用循环伏安法研究了离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐,[bmim]NO₃)添加剂存在时,AgNO₃溶液中的Ag在玻碳电极上的电化学沉积行为。研究表明,离子液体的加入对Ag的沉积具有阻化作用。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对沉积层的表面形貌进行表征,结果显示离子液体的存在可使沉积层更加致密,Ag颗粒的尺寸减小。以甲基橙为探针分子,研究了在加入及不加[bmim]NO₃添加剂的AgNO₃溶液中电沉积所得银颗粒膜的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应,增强因子分别为1.7×105和1.1×105,表明在离子液体存在下制得的Ag颗粒膜具有相对较好的SERS活性。     

离子液体[bmim][PF6]与乙腈混合体系中的激光光解研究

以蒽醌(AQ)作为探针分子,利用激光光解技术研究了咪唑型离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟化磷([bmim][PF6])与乙腈(MeCN)混合体系中的光化学反应行为.研究结果表明,离子液体[bmim][PF6]自身可与激发三线态的蒽醌分子(3AQ*)进行反应,且表观反应速率常数随着[bmim][PF6]/MeCN比例的不同呈现特殊规律性的变化.在离子液体的摩尔分数(xRTIL)为0.06处观察到一个明显的临界点.当xRTIL＜0.06时,表观速率常数随xRTIL的增大而增大;而当xRTIL＞0.06时,表观速率常数随xRTIL的增大而减小.文章给出了[bmim][PF6]/MeCN混合体系中激光诱导化学反应的动力学常数,并初步推测了其反应机理,进一步揭示了离子液体[bmim][PF6]的一些新的光化学特性.     

离子液体[bmim][PF6]对氧杂蒽酮光解行为的影响

选择氧杂蒽酮(XAN)为探针分子,利用纳秒级瞬态光解技术研究在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体([bmim][PF6])以及离子液体与常规溶剂中的光化学行为,探索不同溶剂对氧杂蒽酮激发三线态态(3 XAN*)的最大吸收峰的影响:3 XAN*在纯乙腈(MeCN)中的吸收峰在630nm,而在[bmim][PF6]作溶剂的体系中激发态的吸收峰发生蓝移,而且纯离子液体体系中3 XAN*的产额显著增加。进一步探索离子液体对光诱导3 XAN*与萘(NAP)之间的能量转移及与N,N-二甲基苯胺(DMA)之间的电子转移的影响,结果表明:[bmim][PF6]/MeCN的二元体系中随着[bmim][PF6]浓度的增大,氧杂蒽酮与萘之间的能量转移速率减小,测得在乙腈和纯离子液体中3 XAN*与NAP之间能量转移速率常数分别为1.2×1010 mol·L-1·s-1和1.1×108 mol·L-1·s-1。     

银纳米颗粒阵列的表面增强拉曼散射效应研究

利用具有高密度拉曼热点的金属纳米结构作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底,可以显著增强吸附分子的拉曼信号.本文通过阳极氧化铝模板辅助电化学法沉积制备了高密度银(Ag)纳米颗粒阵列;利用扫描电子显微镜和反射谱表征了样品的结构形貌和表面等离激元特性;用1, 4-苯二硫醇(1, 4-BDT)为拉曼探针分子,研究了Ag纳米颗粒阵列的SERS效应.通过优化沉积时间,制备出高SERS探测灵敏度的Ag纳米颗粒阵列,检测极限可达10~(-13)mol/L;时域有限差分法模拟结果证实了纳米颗粒间存在强的等离激元耦合作用,且发现纳米颗粒底端的局域场增强更大.研究结果表明Ag纳米颗粒阵列可作为高效的SERS基底.     

甲基橙在银镜上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术研究了甲基橙的(MO)的SERS谱,对拉曼峰进行了指认,并给出了甲基橙在银镜上的吸附状态。     

罗丹明6G在银纳米线阵列上的SERS光谱研究

制备出有序、均匀的活性衬底一直足表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)研究中的关键.阳极氧化法制备的多孔氧化铝膜的结构有序、均匀,为纳米金属SERS基底的制备提供了模板.以沉积了银的多孔氧化铝组装体为衬底,研究了罗丹明6G(Rh6G)分子的表面增强拉曼散射光谱.结果表明,沉积了银的多孔氧化铝模板是很好的SERS衬底,Rh6G分子在此衬底上的SERS谱强度与银纳米线在表面的显露高度有关,而其拉曼频移未受表面状态的影响,而PO43-离子的存在使SERS强度得到很大提高.     

离子液体/微波萃取海红果渣中总黄酮工艺

以离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]Br)水溶液为萃取剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术萃取海红果渣中的总黄酮,系统考察了[bmim]Br浓度、萃取温度、料液比等因素的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为离子液体浓度0.6mol/L,萃取温度70C,液固比30 (mL/g),萃取时间15min,重复萃取2次,在该条件下,海红果渣中总黄酮提取率为0.259％.     

质子酸功能化离子液体中银纳米颗粒的制备及其光学性能研究

以质子酸功能化离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐([Bmim]H₂PO₄)为反应介质和表面活性剂,采用简单的化学还原法制备了具有形状各向异性的块状银纳米颗粒。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱等一系列手段对其结构、形貌及光吸收特性进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的银纳米块具有立方结构,其平均横向尺寸约为30 nm,在硅片上自组装形成密堆积结构的多层膜。以1,2-二(4-吡啶基)乙烯(BPE)作为探针分子,研究所制备银纳米颗粒的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。结果表明所制的银纳米颗粒是较好的SERS基底,具有良好的增强效果,痕检能力及稳定性。对BPE分子的最低检测浓度可低至10-9mol·L-1,而且保存了90天后,其检测灵敏度没有显著的降低。     

Au-TiO_2纳米复合基底的制备及其SERS研究

通过溶胶-水热法合成TiO_2纳米粒子,然后采用光催化还原法通过改变氯金酸(HAuCl4)水溶液浓度和光照时间等参数制备不同量Au沉积的TiO_2(Au-TiO_2)纳米复合体,并以其作为SERS活性基底对吸附在其表面的探针分子(4-MBA)进行SERS研究。与纳米TiO_2上本征的SERS增强相比,适量的Au沉积导致复合基底对4-MBA分子具有更强的SERS增强效应,4-MBA的SERS信号增强来源于贵金属和半导体的共同作用;制备复合基底的光还原时间和氯金酸的浓度对复合基底的SERS增强效应均具有重要的影响。     

Au/TiN复合薄膜制备及其表面增强拉曼光谱研究

表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)已用于环境监测、生物医药、食品卫生等领域,而高活性SERS基底是表面增强拉曼散射光谱技术应用的关键。TiN作为新型等离子材料具有较强的SERS性能,同时化学稳定性及生物相容性较好,但其SERS性能不如贵金属金强。该研究采用氨气还原氮化法和电化学沉积法,在TiN薄膜表面沉积贵金属Au纳米颗粒制备出Au/TiN复合薄膜。在Au/TiN复合薄膜中单质Au和TiN两种物相共存;随着电化学沉积时间延长,TiN薄膜表面单质金纳米颗粒数量逐渐增多,金纳米颗粒尺寸增大,颗粒间距减小。由于金与TiN两者的本征表面等离子共振耦合作用,Au/TiN复合薄膜的共振吸收峰发生了偏移。利用罗丹明6G为拉曼探针分子,对Au/TiN复合薄膜进行SERS性能分析,发现Au/TiN复合薄膜上的R6G探针分子的拉曼峰信号强度随沉积时间延长呈现先增大后减小的规律;当电化学沉积时间为5 min时,R6G拉曼信号峰较高,复合薄膜样品的SERS活性最大。将Au/TiN复合薄膜和Au薄膜分别浸泡在10-3,10-5,10-7,10-8及10-9 mol·L-1 R6G溶液5 min,进行检测限分析,发现Au/TiN复合薄膜检测极限达10-8 mol·L-1,增强因子达到8.82×105,与Au薄膜和TiN薄膜相比,Au/TiN复合薄膜上对R6G探针分子SERS活性最高。这得益于Au/TiN复合膜中表面等离子体产生的耦合效应,使得局域电磁场强度增强,从而引起R6G探针分子拉曼信号增强。通过2D-FDTD模拟电场分布发现Au/TiN,Au及TiN薄膜具有电场增强作用,其中Au/TiN复合薄膜的增强作用尤为显著,这也证实了氮化钛与金纳米颗粒之间存在耦合效应。另外发现TiN与Au之间可能存在电荷转移,促进了4-氨基苯硫酚氧化反应,进而证实了TiN与Au薄膜的协同作用。此外,Au/TiN复合薄膜均匀性较好,相对平均偏差仅为7.58%。由此可见,采用电化学沉积制备的Au/TiN复合薄膜具有作为SERS基底材料的应用潜力。     

Modulation of the magnetic properties of CoNi coatings by electrodeposition in the presence of a redox cationic surfactant

Magnetic properties of CoNi films have been drastically modified by alloy electrodeposition from solutions containing a redox cationic surfactant (4-butylazobenzene-4′-(oxyethyl)trimethylammonium iodide-AZTMAI). Electrodeposition in presence of AZTMAI allows preparing CoNi coatings evolving to hard-magnetic behaviour. A gradual increase of CoNi films coercivity accompanied by a decrease of remanence and susceptibility was observed by increasing AZTMAI concentration. CoNi electrodeposition process has been modified by the presence of AZTMAI in the bath. The redox behaviour of the cationic surfactant synthesised in our laboratory was studied in the CoNi electrolytic bath revealing that additive reduces during cobalt-nickel electrodeposition. Cobalt-rich CoNi deposits obtained in the presence of AZTMAI were uniform and compact, showing acicular morphology and hcp structure with [10.0] + [11.0] orientation. The changes in crystalline structure of deposits were the responsible of magnetic properties modification.     

Mesoporous Silica Materials Synthesized via Sol-Gel Methods Modified with Ionic Liquid and Surfactant Molecules

采用离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐改性的溶胶-凝胶法以及表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进一步改性的溶胶-凝胶法制备介孔二氧化硅. 通过X射线衍射、氮气吸附脱附和扫描电子显微镜对所制备的样品进行表征. 结果表明,与仅用离子液体为模板制备的介孔二氧化硅相比,采用表面活性剂和离子液体的混合物为模板制备的介孔二氧化硅具有较小的孔径和较规则的孔结构. 说明利用该方法制备介孔二氧化硅,表面活性剂的加入会在一定程度上影响所制介孔二氧化硅的微结构.     

Efficient and green synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles promoted by task-specific basic ionic liquids as catalyst in aqueous media

Synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles by the three-component condensation reaction of acid chlorides, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and amino acids in the presence of various room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as catalysts in water is reported. Among the ionic liquids used, the basic functionalized ionic liquid, butyl methyl imidazolium hydroxide [bmim]OH, was the most effective catalyst. The influence of reaction temperature, reaction time, and amount of ionic liquid on the reaction was investigated. The [bmim]OH/H₂O catalyst system could be reused for at least five recycles without appreciable loss of efficiency.     

电化学沉积金属铜的分形枝晶生长控制与性能

 以CuSO_{4/sub>为前驱体,HCl为添加剂,采用电化学沉积方法,在室温条件下制得了μm级、面心立方结构分形铜的枝状晶体,研究了铜离子浓度、硫酸浓度、电流密度、沉积时间、氯离子浓度等实验参数对分形枝状铜晶体尺寸、结构的影响。结果表明：硫酸的浓度对铜沉积物结构无明显影响;随着Cu^{2+/sup>浓度的不断增大,铜沉积物的分形效果越来越明显;增大电流密度（0.4～1.6 A·cm-2/sup>）,铜沉积物由致密向多分枝的开放型转变;延长沉积时间（大于等于5 min）,可获得含大量次级分枝铜的晶体;适当增加盐酸用量（0.05～0.20 mol/L）,铜沉积物枝晶尺寸显著减小。最后讨论了分形枝晶铜在碱性条件下氧化甲醇的电化学性能。}}     

Hydrogen and oxygen plasma enhancement in the Cu electrodeposition and consolidation processes on BDD electrode applied to nitrate reduction

Copper nanoparticle electrodeposition and consolidation processes were studied on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode submitted to hydrogen and oxygen plasma treatments. The modified BDD films were applied as electrodes for nitrate electroreduction. The results showed that both treatments have a strong influence on the copper deposition and dissolution processes. For BDD treated with hydrogen plasma the copper electrodeposit was homogeneous with high particle density. This behavior was attributed to the BDD surface hydrogenation that improved its conductivity. On the other hand, the treatment with oxygen plasma was important for the copper nanoparticle consolidation on BDD surface, confirmed by the result's reproducibility for nitrate reduction. This performance may be associated with the formation of oxygen groups that can act as anchor points for Cu-clusters, enhancing the interfacial adhesion between diamond and the metal coating. The best electrochemical nitrate reduction response was obtained in acid media, where occurred the separation of the nitrate reduction process and the water reduction reaction.     

柔性ITO衬底电化学沉积制备Cu/Cu2O薄膜

研究了使用电化学沉积法于碱性条件下在柔性ITO衬底上制备Cu/Cu₂O薄膜的方法。循环伏安曲线表明Cu₂O与Cu的阴极峰分别位于-500 mV(vs Ag/AgCl)和-800 mV(vs Ag/AgCl)附近。利用循环伏安法考察了生长温度和电解液pH值等对Cu₂O与Cu阴极峰电位的影响,阴极峰随生长温度的升高以及pH值的降低而略向阳极移动,沉积电流也随之相应增大。与弱酸性条件相比,上述两个阴极峰随pH值升高而移动的程度明显减小,这可能与碱性条件下C₃H₆O电离程度增大以及C₃H₆O根作为配体的过量程度有关。通过X射线衍射光谱和扫描电子显微镜的表征证实,在所研究的生长温度区间和pH值内可利用电化学沉积法在柔性ITO衬底上制备Cu/Cu₂O纳米混晶薄膜。在相同的生长温度和pH条件下,电化学沉积电位对样品表面形貌和晶体性质具有较大影响。     

Corrosion behaviour of AISI 304 stainless steel with Cu coatings in H2SO4

The work addresses the influence of cementation and electrodeposition of copper coatings on the corrosion resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel immersed in 30 wt.% H₂SO₄ at temperatures of 25 and 50 °C. Corrosion process was evaluated by gravimetric tests, DC measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specimen surfaces were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion performance of AISI 304 stainless steel in sulphuric acid solution was greatly improved by copper coatings. The amount of copper deposited by the cementation process was sufficient to protect the stainless steel of corrosion. A greater amount of copper obtained by electrodeposition treatments does not supply further improvement in the corrosion behaviour. The improved corrosion resistance is related to copper dissolution at the initial stages of immersion tests and the presence of Cu²⁺ in the solution, which makes the medium more oxidizing, increasing the stability of the passive layer. In addition, the presence of copper at the surface reduces the overpotential of cathodic reaction, enabling the transition from an active region to the passive one.     

Characteristics of hydrogen storage alloy electrode with cupric oxide additive

Cupric oxide was used as a novel additive for the hydrogen storage alloy electrode in nickel metal hydride batteries. The influence of the cupric oxide on the discharge storage capacity (DSP) of the hydrogen storage alloy electrode was studied and the electrochemical properties of the electrode were investigated. The cupric oxide was verified to reduce to copper in the first charge and stably existed on the alloy surface in the following cycles. And the hydrogen storage alloy electrode with cupric oxide exhibited better high rate discharge capability and longer cycle life compared with the blank one. The cupric oxide greatly decreases the weight and volume of the hydrogen storage alloy electrode, and make it better meet the requirement as power sources for electric and hybrid vehicles.