Au-Au2S复合纳米球壳微粒的空腔谐振及参量讨论

Au-Au2S复合纳米球壳微粒（金纳米球壳），是一种新型复合结构的纳米微粒，其结构为纳米级的Au2S介质球外包裹了一层几个纳米厚的黄金球壳。这种复合纳米球壳微粒可以被抽象为球型谐振腔。报道了它的空腔谐振吸收的实验结果，并且运用经典理论结合介观结构特征，讨论了有关Au-Au2S复合纳米球壳微粒空腔谐振吸收的一些重要参量，其中包括谐振吸收波长、品质因数、谐振能量等。另外，还讨论了金球壳的厚度对这些重要参量的影响。     

Au/Au2S复合纳米球壳微粒的发光特性

观测了金纳米球壳微粒（纳米级Au2S介质外包裹一层纳米级厚的金壳）的荧光光谱，与块状Au2S的荧光峰相比，金纳米球壳的荧光峰蓝移到蓝绿区域，蓝移的主要原因是核－壳纳米复合结构中的表面态和量子尺寸效应。     

179,183Au核1/2[660]转动带结构研究

通过重离子核反应¹⁴⁹Sm(³⁵Cl,5n)¹⁷⁹Au和¹⁵⁹Tb(²⁹Si,5n)¹⁸³Au研究了^179,183Au的高自旋态. 首次建立了¹⁷⁹Au的1/2[660](πi_13/2)转动带和¹⁸³Au的πi_13/2转动带的能量非优先带. 结合已有的实验数据, 讨论了奇A Au核中1/2[660](πi_13/2)转动带的形变随中子数的变化.     

双奇核中πi13/2 νi13/22－准粒子转动带旋称反转研究

利用重离子熔合蒸发反应和在束γ谱学实验方法研究了双奇核^176,178Ir和¹⁸²Au的高自旋态结构,在这3个双奇核中观测到了基于πi_13/2 νi_13/2准粒子组态下的转动带.以能级间隔系统学为判据,对¹⁸⁴Au核中πi_13/2 νi_13/2转动带能级自旋进行了指定.指出^176,178Ir和^182,184Au 4个双奇核的πi_13/2 νi_13/2转动带在低自旋区均出现旋称反转.对πi_13/2 νi_13/2转动带旋称反转现象进行了定性的讨论.用推转壳模型对πh_9/2 νi_13/2带和πi_13/2 νi_13/2带能级结构进行了理论研究,发现当采用形变和对力自洽计算后,从理论上可以定性地解释两个半退耦带出现的旋称反转现象.     

用2△分析超带的性质

使用两准粒子能量2△计算了超带转排角动量J（I_∽）,用J（I_∽）定量地分析了一些核超带性质。     

枝节直波导与开口方环耦合谐振腔的Fano谐振特性研究

本文构建了一个枝节直波导与带开口方环耦合谐振腔.基于金属-绝缘体-金属结构的Fano谐振原理,采用有限元法分析了该波导结构的透射谱线对谐振腔结构参数的依赖关系.在开口方环与直波导间距G=90 nm,枝节高度H=140 nm时,该谐振腔结构中可以产生中心波长分别为λ=746 nm和1521 nm具有反对称线型的双重Fano共振透射峰.研究表明：左侧谐振峰值先随H增高而升高,至H=140 nm达到最大值,之后随H增高峰值缓慢减弱,直至消失.右侧谐振峰值则几乎不受H变化影响.传输谷受H影响最大,随着H增大,枝节谐振腔的传输谷向长波长方向移动,而右侧两个传输谷基本保持不变.当H=210 nm时,左边Fano谐振完全消失,只剩下右边的谐振,且谐振峰基本保持不变.设置参数化扫描,观测Fano谐振的变化,在波长1500 nm～1700 nm之间,设置最佳参数,经拟合计算得到该谐振耦合腔可以作为一个灵敏度S为1496 nm/RIU,FOM=60.1的折射率传感器.该结构可以为纳米级折射率传感器设计提供有效依据.     

消光式核壳二聚体传感器的设计与光谱特性分析

根据ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体粒子在生物医学领域的应用合理性,设计了一种实时检测生物液体的核壳二聚体探针消光式传感器;由偶极子理论推导出输出波长与外界环境折射率关系;利用MATLAB设计ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体粒子结构;采用软件DDSCAT7.3结合离散偶极近似法,利用二聚体有效半径模拟计算了300~950nm可见光到红外光波段不同核壳比、二聚体间距、以及不同介质折射率的消光光谱;根据传感芯片折射率与偶极共振、耦合八级共振的响应关系得出ITO/Au二聚体的折射率灵敏特性。与传统Ag/Au核壳纳米粒子相比,ITO/Au纳米核壳二聚体结构引入了可作为传感芯片灵敏性自参考参数的耦合八级共振峰,同时ITO/Au二聚体结构的折射率灵敏度可达到419nm/RIU。这些工作及其结果对制作消光式传感器具有重要的意义。     

自旋巨共振和核实极化效应

对于自旋巨偶极共振,本文考虑了核场（Y₀δ₁）_1v和γ²（Y₂δ₁）_1v之间的耦合项的影响,这种耦合形式可以从张量算符给出.对于λ≥2的自旋巨共振,本文考虑了核场γ^λ+1(Y_λ+1δ₁)_λv的影响.     

单畴Ni球观测及NicoreNiOshell的铁磁/反铁磁耦合研究

 使用微波辅助聚合方法制备了单分散单畴Ni纳米球，由MFM发现，尺度分布在100～180 nm的Ni球的一个相关特征是条型磁畴结构。用XRD、TEM、XPS以及EDAX测量了由Ni球进一步制备的Ni_coreNiO_shell高度球型纳米结构。用VSM 和SQUID进一步讨论了其铁磁/反铁磁界面耦合效应，估算了交换耦合场与粒子尺寸的关系。     

Au2Gen-/0 (n=1∽8)团簇结构演化和电子性质的光电子能谱和理论计算研究

本文利用尺寸选择的负离子光电子能谱和理论计算探索Au₂Ge_n^-/0 (n=1∽8)团簇的结构演化和电子性质. 通过比较理论模拟谱与实验谱,并使用CCSD(T)理论方法计算异构体的相对能量,从而确定金锗混合团簇的全局最小结构. 本文发现Au₂Ge_n^-/0 (n=1∽8)团簇的两个Au原子具有较高的配位数和较弱的亲金相互作用. 负离子团簇和中性团簇的最稳定结构分别处于自旋双重态和自旋单重态. 除了Au₂Ge₄^-/0和Au₂Ge₅^-/0,负离子团簇和中性团簇的全局最小结构具有相似的结构特点. Au₂Ge₁^-/0团簇是一个C_2v对称的V形结构,而Au₂Ge₂^-/0团簇是一个C_2v对称的双桥连结构. Au₂Ge₁^-负离子团簇是两个Au原子盖帽的Ge₄四面体结构,而Au₂Ge₄中性团簇是两个Au原子盖帽的Ge₄菱形结构. Au₂Ge_5∽8^-/0团簇主要采用三棱柱、四棱柱、及五棱柱结构. Au₂Ge₆是一个C_2v对称的四棱柱结构,并表现出σ和π双键性质.     

Optical resonance of metal-coated nanoshell

Metal-coated nanoshell,the nanoparticle consisting of a nanometre-scale dielectric core coated with a thin metallic shell,exhibits three distinct optical resonant forms,the sphere cavity resonance(SCR),plasmon resonance(PR),and concentric dielectric sphere resonance(CDSR),The SCR,PR and CDSR of the metal-coated nanoshell reveal a geometric tunability controlled by the core radius and by the ratio of the core radius to the total radius,Classical electrodynamics and Mie scattering theory are used to treat the resonant forms and the transition state between the resonant forms.Based on previous experimental research,we present a group of resonant equations for all the resonant forms.which depend on the geometric structure of the metal-coated nanoshell.     

Local temperature pattern in plasmonic gold nanoshell: tuning the heat generation

Under quasi-steady-state conditions, we investigated the photo-heat conversion in a gold nanoshell by calculating the local equilibrium temperature distribution. In a thinner gold shell, the hot spots take place near the poles of both shell-surrounding and core-shell interface, perpendicularly to the incident field. In a thicker gold shell, the hot spots only take place near the core-shell interface. The maximum local temperature also depends greatly on the core media and shell thickness. Optimal heat generation can be obtained with small core dielectric constant and thin shell thickness. The mechanism of this local heating distribution is explained by the local field enhancement that is induced by the plasmon coupling.     

Synthesis and photo physical properties of Au @ Ag (core @ shell) nanoparticles disperse in poly vinyl alcohol matrix

Synthesis of core @ shell (Au @ Ag) nanoparticle with varying silver composition has been carried out in aqueous poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Core gold nanoparticle (~15 nm) has been synthesized through seed-mediated growth process. Synthesis of silver shell with increasing thickness (~1–5 nm) has been done by reducing Ag⁺ over the gold sol in the presence of mild reducing ascorbic acid. Characterization of Au @ Ag nanoparticles has been done by UV–Vis, High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic study. The blue shift of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band with increasing mole fraction of silver has been interpreted due to dampening of core, i.e. Au SPR by Ag. The dependence of nonlinear optical response of spherical core @ shell nanoparticles has been investigated as a function of relative composition of each metal. Simulation of SPR extinction spectra based on quasi-static theory is done. A comparison of our experimental and the simulated extinction spectra using quasi-static theory of nanoshell suggests that our synthesized bimetallic particles have core @ shell structure rather than bimetallic alloy particles.     

Plasmonic effect of nanoshelled nanocavity on encapsulated emitter's spontaneous emission

The plasmonic enhancement of nanoshelled nanocavity (a silica core coated by Ag or Au shell) on the spontaneous emission of an encapsulated emitter (a molecule or quantum dot) is studied systematically by analyzing the excitation rate and the apparent quantum yield together. By averaging all possible locations and orientations of the emitter, the average enhancement factor (AEF) of the emitter randomly located in the core is calculated. Our results show that the AEF is weaker than that of the emitter located at the core center. In addition, Ag nanoshell (NS) is a narrowband enhancer. As the thickness of the shell becomes thinner, the surface plasmon resonance of NS is red-shifted and the peak of AEF increases. The specificity of Ag NS for enhancing a specific spontaneous emission is higher than Au NS. In addition, Ag NS with a smaller core has a larger AEF, while Au NS has an optimal radius of core (30 nm) to obtain the maximum AEF. Moreover, the AEF is reduced, as the Stokes shift increases.     

Plasmonics properties of trimetallic Al@Al2O3@Ag@Au and Al@Al2O3@AuAg nanostructures

Bimetallic and trimetallic nanoparticles have attracted significant attention in recent times due to their enhanced electrochemical and catalytic properties compared to monometallic nanoparticles. The numerical calculations using Mie theory has been carried out for three-layered metal nanoshell dielectric–metal–metal (DMM) system consisting of a particle with a dielectric core (Al@Al₂O₃), a middle metal Ag (Au) layer and an outer metal Au (Ag) shell. The results have been interpreted using plasmon hybridization theory. We have also prepared Al@Al₂O₃@Ag@Au and Al@Al₂O₃@AgAu triple-layered core–shell or alloy nanostructure by two-step laser ablation method and compared with calculated results. The synthesis involves temporal separations of Al, Ag, and Au deposition for step-by-step formation of triple-layered core–shell structure. To form Al@Ag nanoparticles, we ablated silver for 40 min in aluminium nanoparticle colloidal solution. As aluminium oxidizes easily in water to form alumina, the resulting structure is core–shell Al@Al₂O₃. The Al@Al₂O₃ particle acts as a seed for the incoming energetic silver particles for multilayered Al@Al₂O₃@Ag nanoparticles is formed. The silver target was then replaced by gold target and ablation was carried out for different ablation time using different laser energy for generation of Al@Al₂O₃@Ag@Au core–shell or Al@Al₂O₃@AgAu alloy. The formation of core–shell and alloy nanostructure was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy. The absorption spectra show shift in plasmon resonance peak of silver to gold in the range 400–520 nm with increasing ablation time suggesting formation of Ag–Au alloy in the presence of alumina particles in the solution.     

金纳米球壳表面等离激元共振波长调谐特性研究

理论研究了金纳米球壳的几何结构参数, 及物理参量对局 域表面等离激元共振波长调谐特性的影响. 结果表明, 随着壳层厚度的增大, 球壳消光共振峰先蓝移后红移, 高阶峰转向时对应的壳层厚度比低阶峰大, 且该厚度与球壳内径的比值随内径尺寸的增大而减小, 随内核材料或外界环境介电常数的增大而增大, 散射共振峰也有类似的移动规律. 利用电子杂化效应和相位延迟效应对该现象进行了理论解释.     

Reflectance spectroscopy of gold nanoshells: computational predictions and experimental measurements

Gold nanoshells are concentric spherical constructs that possess highly desirable optical responses in the near infrared. Gold nanoshells consist of a thin outer gold shell and a silica core and can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes by tuning the optical response through changing the core–shell ratio as well as the overall size. Although optical properties of gold nanoshells have already been well documented, the reflectance characteristics are not well understood and have not yet been elucidated by experimental measurements. Yet, in order to use gold nanoshells as an optical contrast agent for scattering-based optical methods such as reflectance spectroscopy, it is critical to characterize the reflectance behavior. With this in mind, we used a fiber-optic-based spectrometer to measure diffuse reflectance of gold nanoshell suspensions from 500 nm to 900 nm. Experimental results show that gold nanoshells cause a significant increase in the measured reflectance. Spectral features associated with scattering from large angles (~180°) were observed at low nanoshell concentrations. Monte Carlo modeling of gold nanoshells reflectance demonstrated the efficacy of using such methods to predict diffuse reflectance. Our studies suggest that gold nanoshells are an excellent candidate as optical contrast agents and that Monte Carlo methods are a useful tool for optimizing nanoshells best suited for scattering-based optical methods.     

Nanostructures of gold coated iron core-shell nanoparticles and the nanobands assembled under magnetic field

Pure metal iron nanoparticles are unstable in the air. By a coating iron on nanoparticle surface with a stable noble metal, these air-stable nanoparticles are protected from the oxidation and retain most of the favorable magnetic properties, which possess the potential application in high density memory device by forming self-assembling nanoarrays. Gold-coated iron core-shell structure nanoparticles (Fe/Au) synthesized using reverse micelles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average nanoparticle size of the core-shell structure is about 8 nm, with about 6 nm diameter core and 1∼2 nm shell. Since the gold shell is not epitaxial growth related to the iron core, the morié pattern can be seen from the overlapping of iron core and gold shell. However, the gold shell lattice can be seen by changing the defocus of TEM. An energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS) also shows the nanoparticles are air-stable. The magnetic measurement of the nanoparticles also proved successful synthesis of gold coated iron core-shell structure. The nanoparticles were then assembled under 0.5 T magnetic field and formed parallel nanobands with about 10 μm long. Assembling two dimensional ordered nanoarrays are still under going. Received 29 November 2000