多声子强耦合超导理论

本文提出了多声子过程的强耦合超导理论,给出了能隙方程和T_c公式。结果发现,考虑电子多声子过程,高频声子对提高T_c有重要作用,单胞中对超导贡献的简并度数大,也有利于高T_c的出现。 关键词：     

共振拉曼效应和电子-声子耦合对线性多烯分子共振拉曼光谱的影响

线性多烯分子具有高强度且信息丰富的共振拉曼光谱,在生物学、光电材料和医学等方面都有一定应用。而含有共轭双键的短链β胡萝卜素分子是多烯分子中极具有代表性的分子。在激发光作用下π电子与CC键振动相互作用影响着吸收光谱和拉曼光谱,而共振拉曼效应和电子-声子耦合影响着共振拉曼光谱的强度、频率和线型。测量了β胡罗卜素分子在二氯乙烷中283～223 K温度范围内的紫外-可见吸收和共振拉曼光谱。研究了共振效应和电子-声子耦合对吸收光谱和拉曼光谱的变化所起的作用。获得随着温度的降低,黄昆因子减小,表明CC键的振动减弱,分子体系能量减小,吸收峰红移;随着温度的降低,分子有序性提高,电子-声子耦合强度增加,增强了电子能隙对CC键振动的调制作用,拉曼模频率向低波数方向移动,即拉曼光谱红移;同时,经过计算发现随着温度的降低,β胡萝卜素分子C-C和C═C的拉曼散射截面增加,线宽变窄,倍频与基频强度比增加。对比和分析了共振效应和电子-声子耦合作用对拉曼光谱的拉曼散射截面、线宽和倍频与基频强度比的影响。虽然共振效应和电子-声子耦合作用在不同温度下对拉曼光谱都有一定影响,但研究发现不同温度下共振效应对拉曼光谱的影响要大于电子-声子耦合,且电子-声子耦合对谐波的影响更小。这是由于随着温度的降低,发生红移的紫外可见吸收光谱,使拉曼光谱中514.5 nm激发光更接近00吸收峰,明显的增强了分子的共振效应,使其拉曼散射截面,线宽,倍频与基频强度比随温度有很大变化。该研究对共振效应和电子-声子耦合的研究为研究温度对胡萝卜素等线性多烯分子性质的影响提供一定实验和理论依据。     

声子和温度对球型量子点中极化子性质的影响

采用求解能量本征方程、幺正变换及变分相结合的方法,研究声子和温度对球型量子点中极化子性质的影响.数值计算表明,声子效应导致极化子的基态能量低于电子能量,且极化子基态能量随电子-声子耦合强度的增大而降低.数值计算还表明,当温度较低,使得电子热运动能量小于声子能量时,声子不会被激发,极化子的基态能量不随温度的变化而变化;在温度较高,使得电子热运动能量大于声子能量时,电子和晶格热运动加剧,更多的声子被激发.极化子的基态能量随温度的升高而增大.     

AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管中二维电子气的极化光学声子散射

Al Ga N/Ga N界面处的二维电子气迁移率是描述高电子迁移率晶体管特性的一个重要参数,极化光学声子散射是高温时限制二维电子气迁移率的主要散射机制.本文对极化光学声子散射进行计算,结果表明在二维电子气浓度为6×10~(11)—1×10~(13) cm~(–2),温度为200—400 K范围内,极化光学声子散射因素决定的迁移率随温度的变化近似为μPO=AT-α(α=3.5);由于Ga N中光学声子能量较大,吸收声子对迁移率的影响远大于发射声子的影响.进一步讨论了极化光学声子散射因素决定的迁移率随光学声子能量变化的趋势,表明增加极化光学声子能量可提高二维电子气的室温迁移率.     

考虑界面散射的金属纳米线热导率修正

理论分析了声子和电子输运对Cu, Ag金属纳米线热导率的贡献. 采用镶嵌原子作用势模型描述纳米尺寸下金属原子间的相互作用, 应用平衡分子动力学方法和Green-Kubo函数模拟了金属纳米线的声子热导率; 采用玻尔兹曼输运理论和Wiedemann-Franz定律计算电子热导率; 并通过散射失配模型和Mayadas-Shatzkes模型引入晶界散射的影响. 在此基础上, 考察分析了纳米线尺度和温度的影响. 研究结果表明: Cu, Ag纳米线热导率的变化规律相似; 电子输运对金属纳米线的导热占主导地位, 而声子热导率的贡献也不容忽视; 晶界散射导致热导率减小, 尤其对电子热导率作用显著; 纳米线总热导率随着温度的升高而降低; 随着截面尺寸减小而减小, 但声子热导率所占份额有所增加. 关键词： 纳米线 热导率 表面散射 晶界散射     

TTF-TCNQ的Peierls相变研究

根据建立在电子-声子相互作用基础上的Peierls相变理论，利用形变势模型和半经验晶体轨道方法计算的能带结构数据，对一维有机导体TTF-TCNQ的Peierls相变温度进行了计算，结果表明,TTF链的相变温度低于TCNQ链的相变温度，从而说明前者的电子-声子耦合相互作用比后者要弱,TTF-TCNQ在54K的金属-绝缘体相变主要发生在TCNQ链上. 关键词： 一维有机导体 Peierls相变温度 电子-声子相互作用     

晶格热振动对准二维强耦合极化子有效质量的影响

采用Tokuda改变的线性组合算符法和改进的LLP变分法，研究了晶格热振动对无限势垒量子阱中电子与界面光学声子强耦合、与体纵光学声子弱耦合系统的影响，推导出作为阱宽和温度函数的极化子有效质量的表达式. 尤其得到了量子阱中极化子的振动频率及其随阱宽和温度变化的规律. 对KI/AgCl/KI量子阱进行了数值计算，结果表明，极化子的振动频率和有效质量随阱宽的增加而减小、随温度的升高而减小，但不同支声子与电子相互作用对极化子的振动频率和有效质量的贡献以及它们随阱宽和温度的变化情况大不相同. 关键词： 量子阱 强耦合极化子 振动频率 有效质量 温度依赖性     

声子和温度对球型量子点中极化子性质的影响

采用求解能量本征方程、幺正变换及变分相结合的方法,研究声子和温度对球型量子点中极化子性质的影响。数值计算表明,声子效应导致极化子的基态能量低于电子能量,且极化子基态能量随电子—声子耦合强度的增大而降低。数值计算还表明,温度较低时,声子不会被激发,极化子的基态能量不随温度而变;温度较高时,声子会被激发,导致极化子能量随温度升高而增大。     

不同温度下ZnS的高场输运特性

研究了ZnS中的电子声子相互作用.以此为基础,利用Monte Carlo方法研究了ZnS中电子在不同温度下的高场输运特性.电子加速的瞬态时间基本不随温度变化.电子的动能分布函数随温度升高向低能方向移动,即平均动能降低.电子在各能谷间的分布随温度升高而向低能谷移动.电子的漂移速度则随温度升高而降低.给出了这些物理量随温度变化的具体规律. 关键词：     

飞秒激光抽运探测热反射法对金属纳米薄膜超快非平衡传热的研究

随着微电子器件尺寸的减小、 工作频率的提高, 金属薄膜中电子与声子将处于非平衡状态, 这将导致微电子器件的热阻增大. 为准确地对这些微电子器件进行热管理, 电子-声子耦合系数的测量变得越来越重要. 本文采用飞秒激光抽运-探测热 反射法研究了不同厚度的金属纳米薄膜的非平衡传热过程. 通过抛物两步模型对实验数据进行拟合, 在拟合过程中引入电子温度与声子温度对反射率影响的比例关系, 从而优化了拟合结果. 通过对不同厚度的Ni膜与Al膜的电子-声子耦合系数的研究, 表明金属薄膜中的电子-声子耦合系数并不随薄膜厚度的改变发生变化. 实验结果还验证了探测光的反射率同时受到电子温度和声子温度的影响, 并通过数据分析量化了电子温度和声子温度对反射率的影响系数.     

Second order resonant Raman scattering at the E1 and E1 + Δ1 edges of germanium

The resonance of the 2TO phonon second order Raman band of germanium was investigated in the vicinity of the E₁, E₁ + Δ₁ gaps. The peak reported earlier for 2TO phonons at Γ is interpreted as due to a resonant process of the iterative type, involving two first order electron-phonon vertices. The rest of the 2TO band is interpreted as a process involving a second order electron-two phonon interaction vertex. From these measurements three phonon coupling constants for the electron-two phonon interaction are obtained.     

Tc map and superconductivity of simple metals at high pressure

We calculate T_c map in region of weak electron–phonon coupling based on simple phonon spectrum. By using linear-response method and density functional theory, we calculate phonon spectra and Eliashberg functions of simple metals under pressure. Based on the evolutions of superconducting parameters of simple metals on the T_c map with increasing pressure, we find that there are two different responses to pressure for simple metals: (1) enhancing electron–phonon interaction λ such as for La and Li, (2) increasing phonon frequency such as for Pb, Pt. The λ threshold effect is found, which origins from the competition between electron–phonon interaction and electron–electron Coulomb interaction and is the reason why T_c of most superconductors of simple metals are higher than 0.1 K.     

Surface and interface optical phonon modes and electron-phonon interaction in a multi-shell spherical system

Within the framework of the dielectric continuum model, interface optical(IO) and surface optical(SO) phonon modes and the Fr?hlich electron-IO (SO) phonon interaction Hamiltonian in a multi-shell spherical system were derived and studied. Numerical calculation on CdS/HgS/H₂O and CdS/HgS/CdS/H₂O spherical systems have been performed. Results reveal that there are two IO modes and one SO mode for the CdS/HgS/H₂O system, one SO mode and four IO modes whose frequencies approach the IO phonon frequencies of the single CdS/HgS heterostructure with the increasing of the quantum number l for CdS/HgS/CdS/H₂O. It also showed that smaller l and SO phonon compared with IO phonon, have more significant contribution to the electron-IO (SO) phonon interaction. Received 16 October 2001 and Received in final form 23 January 2002 Published online 25 June 2002     

Effects of electric field and size on the electron-phonon interaction in a spherical quantum dot with impurity

The effects of electric field and size on the electron-phonon interaction with an on-center impurity in a Zn_1?x Cd _x Se/ZnSe spherical quantum dot are studied, taking into account the interactions with confined, half-space and surface optical phonons. In addition, the interaction between impurity and phonons has also been considered. The results show that the electron-confined, electron-half-space, and electron-surface optical phonon interaction energies are all negative. The electron-confined optical phonon interaction energy is weakened by the electric field, but the electron-half-space and electron-surface optical phonon interaction energies are strengthened by it. In particular, the electron-surface optical phonon interaction depends strongly on the electric field, and it will vanish when the electric field is absent. It is also found that the electron-confined optical phonon interaction and electron-impurity “exchange” interaction energies reach a peak values as the quantum dot radius increases and then gradually decrease, but the electron-half-space optical phonon interaction energy exponentially quickly approaches 0 as the quantum dot radius increases.     

Phonon renormalization and damping in a Heisenberg ferromagnet

A theoretical study of spin-phonon interaction in a Heisenberg ferromagnet is made on the basis of a Green function technique. We have calculated below and aboveT _c the renormalized phonon energy and the phonon damping for the first time beyond the RPA. The obtained temperature and magnetic field dependence of the phonon relaxation time is in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Properties of the absorption spectrum due to the Gamma;1+ → Γ4− transition

We present results for the absorption spectrum due to a localized Γ₁⁺ → Γ₄^? transition that take into account the properties of the linear electron- phonon (e-p) interactions transforming as Γ₁⁺, Γ₃⁺ and Γ₅⁺ in the excited electronic state, in the cases of strong and weak e-p interaction coupling. We show that in the strong e-p interaction coupling limit the asymmetric shape of the structured band is due to the commutation relations of the e-p interaction matrices. Moreover, in the weak coupling limit we present an expression for the spectrum line shape obtained by taking into account the time ordering of the e-p interaction matrices and the phonon propagators at all times. It is shown in the latter case that the densities of phonon states corresponding to the electronic excited state are different from those corresponding to the ground state, and the e-p coupling constants are redefined due to the Jahn-Teller interactions.     

带有电子-双声子相互作用的一维铁磁性介观环的非经典本征态和非经典本征持续电流

在一维铁磁性织构介观环的基础上, 计及电子-双声子相互作用, 介入了三项非经典效应抑制电子-单声子相互作用引起的量子涨落效应: 1) 跳步电子-单声子相干态关联效应;2) 由压缩相干态引起的声子压缩态-单声子相干态间过程关联效应;3) 声子位移-声子压缩态的表象关联效应．从结果来看, 电子-双声子相互作用明显加强了压缩效应(增大压缩参量), 而跳步电子-单声子相干态关联效应引起本征能量大幅度下降, 持续电流大幅度增加．特别是介入了声子压缩态-单声子相干态间过程关联效应后, 声子压缩参量远大于理想压缩态相应的压缩参量, 有效地抑制了Debye-Waller(D-W)效应．当声子压缩态-单声子相干态间过程关联与声子位移重整化效应结合在一起时, 声子场的压缩将更大幅度地增加, D-W效应(参量w_ph)将更大幅度地减小, w_ph << w_ph⁽⁰⁾, 从而极大幅度地抑制了电子-单声子相互作用导致的量子涨落效应. 这样一来, 非经典态本征能量E_n极大幅度地下降, E_n << E_n⁽⁰⁾, 与此同时, 本征持续电流振幅I_n 则极大幅度地增大, I_n >> I_n⁽⁰⁾.     

铁基非晶态因瓦合金的声子谱研究

用非弹性中子散射实验方法研究了非晶态Ｆｅ_９０－ｘＣｏ_ｘＺｒ_１０（ｘ＝１０，４０）和Ｆｅ_８０－ｙＣｒ_ｙＰ_１３Ｃ_７（ｙ＝４，８）合金的广义声子谱，在低能区域（?ω≤２０ｍｅＶ）观察到了与因瓦效应相关的声子谱软化现象。初步讨论了这种动力学方面的反常行为。结果表明，声子谱软化可能与在因瓦合金中存在增强的电子－声子相互作用有关。 关键词：     

Solution of the problem of indirect spin-spin interaction via the phonon field

A new transformation which differs from the famous one of Fröhlich is introduced to transform the hamiltonian of the interacting spin system and phonon system to a representation which leads to the exact expression for the operator H_SS of the indirect spin-spin interaction via the phonon field. The evident form of the operator H_SS is determined.     

BCS theory of driven superconductivity

We study the impact of a time-dependent external driving of the lattice phonons in a minimal model of a BCS superconductor. Upon evaluating the driving-induced vertex corrections of the phonon-mediated electron-electron interaction, we show that parametric phonon driving can be used to elevate the critical temperature T_c, while a dipolar phonon drive has no effect. We provide simple analytic expressions for the enhancement factor of T_c. Furthermore, a mean-field analysis of a nonlinear phonon-phonon interaction also shows that phonon anharmonicities further amplify T_c. Our results hold universally for the large class of normal BCS superconductors.