闪锌矿GaN弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质外压力效应的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理平面波赝势方法,结合广义梯度近似(GGA)下的RPBE和局域密度近似(LDA)的CA-PZ交换-关联泛函对闪锌矿结构的GaN在高压的性质进行了系统研究. 计算结果表明:弹性常数、体模量、杨氏模量和能隙都具有明显的外压力效应,计算结果与实验值和理论值很好的符合. 同时利用计算的能带结构和态密度系统分析了GaN的介电函数、折射率、反射率、吸收系数和能量损失函数等光学性质及其外压力效应. 分析结果为GaN的设计与应用提供了理论依据. 关键词： 第一性原理计算 电子结构 光学性质 闪锌矿GaN     

W掺杂ZnO电子结构与光学性质第一性原理计算

采用了基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,计算本征ZnO和不同W掺杂浓度下W:ZnO体系的电子结构和光学性质.计算结果表明:W掺杂可以提高ZnO的载流子浓度,从而改善ZnO的导电性.掺杂后,吸收光谱发生红移现象,且光学性质变化集中在低能量区,而高能量区的光学性质没有太大变化,计算结果与相关实验结果相符合.最后,结合电子结构定性分析了光学性质的变化.     

实稳定方法研究原子核单粒子共振态

介绍了坐标空间的实稳定方法处理共振问题的基本思想, 并把它应用于求解球形势阱中的共振态. 在确定大小的坐标空间利用束缚态边条件求解散射问题, 得到一系列本征态. 基于共振态的类束缚态性质, 本征能量随坐标空间尺度的改变而缓慢变化的态对应着共振态. 利用本征波函数, 可以计算本征能量对应的相移值. 拟合本征能量和相移得到共振能量和共振宽度.     

Cd、Sr掺杂Mg2Ge电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

此文用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,分别研究了本征、掺Cd、掺Sr的Mg₂Ge的能带结构、电子态密度和光学性质.研究结果表明,本征Mg₂Ge是一种间接带隙半导体,带隙值为0.228eV.Sr的掺入使其变成带隙为0.591 eV的直接带隙半导体,Cd掺杂Mg₂Ge后表现出半金属性质.掺杂后的主要吸收峰减小,吸收谱范围增加.在可见光能量范围内,掺杂的Mg₂Ge有更低的反射率,对可见光的利用率增强.此外,掺杂还提高了高能区的光电导率.     

宽带隙半导体CdAl2S4电子结构、弹性和光学性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,对宽带隙半导体CdAl2S4的晶格结构、电学、弹性和光学性能进行了系统的研究. 研究结果表明：CdAl2S4为直接带隙的宽带隙半导体材料;是弹性稳定的具有各向异性的延展性材料;该晶体的光学性质在中能区(3.5 ~12.5 eV)具有较强的各向异性,其强反射峰处于紫外能量区域,因此其可用作紫外光探测或屏蔽材料.     

宽带隙半导体CdAl_2S_4电子结构、弹性和光学性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,对宽带隙半导体Cd Al_2S_4的晶格结构、电学、弹性和光学性能进行了系统的研究.研究结果表明:Cd Al2S4为直接带隙的宽带隙半导体材料;是弹性稳定的具有各向异性的延展性材料;该晶体的光学性质在中能区(3.5~12.5 e V)具有较强的各向异性,其强反射峰处于紫外能量区域,因此其可用作紫外光探测或屏蔽材料.     

2H-PbI_2晶体的电子结构和力学性质

采用基于密度泛函平面波赝势方法(PWP)方法,计算了六角晶系2H-PbI2晶体的电子结构、力学性质和硬度.采用局域密度近似(LDA)方法计算的晶格常数、带隙、弹性常数与实验值和理论值符合较好.计算表明,2H-PbI2是一种直接带隙的半导体,带隙大约为2.38eV.运用复杂晶体硬度计算公式计算了六角晶系2H-PbI2晶体的硬度,硬度值大约为2.54GPa.还发现2H-PbI2晶体的各向异性非常明显.     

过渡金属Tc及其氮化物TcN，TcN$lt;sub$gt;2$lt;/sub$gt;，TcN$lt;sub$gt;3$lt;/sub$gt;与TcN$lt;sub$gt;4$lt;/sub$gt;低压缩性的第一性原理计算研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法研究了Tc及其氮化物的弹性性质、电子结构、原子布局数等,并分析和计算了它的氮化物的理论硬度. 结果表明随着Tc中氮的掺入量的渐增,出现层状结构,它们的弹性模量并非单调增加,其中TcN的体弹模量最大而剪切模量最小;层状结构的TcN₃的剪切模量最大而体弹模量最小,TcN₄的理论计算硬度最大. 说明在Tc的氮化物中,其体弹模量与材料的晶体结构、平均每个原子上的电荷密度和材料的质量密度有关;化学键的共价性结构和氮元素的含量对理论计算硬度有正作用;而剪切模量的极大值则与其层状结构及体系中一定量的方向基本一致的N—N键相关. 关键词： 第一性原理 弹性性质 电子结构     

高压下固态Kr弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用密度泛函理论中平面波基矢,模守恒赝势结合局域密度近似以及广义梯度近似对固态Kr在高压下的结构以及弹性性质进行了研究, 通过计算发现弹性常数,Debye温度以及声速都随压力的增大而增大,所计算的弹性常数与实验和其他的理论符合的很好. 利用Debye模型得到了固态Kr的热力学性质, 熵随压力的增大而减小,随温度升高而升高;而定容热容C_v,定压热容C_p则随温度升高而升高,而且C_v在达到一定温度时趋于定值,所得的热力学性质和实验值是相符的．最后还预测了固态Kr在高压下的电子结构和光学性质, 计算结果表明随压力的增加固态Kr的前沿能带变窄,光吸收系数增大,吸收峰增宽,电子更容易发生跃迁,固态Kr有可能转化为半导体． 关键词： Kr 第一性原理 弹性常数 光学性质     

2H-PbI2晶体的电子结构和力学性质

采用基于密度泛函平面波赝势方法(PWP)方法,计算了六角晶系2H-PbI2晶体的电子结构、力学性质和硬度。采用局域密度近似(LDA)方法计算的晶格常数、带隙、弹性常数与实验值和理论值符合较好。计算表明,2H-PbI2是一种直接带隙的半导体,带隙大约为2。38eV。运用复杂晶体硬度计算公式计算了六角晶系2H-PbI2晶体的硬度,硬度值大约为2. 54 GPa。还发现2H-PbI2晶体的各向异性非常明显。     

An ab initio study of the electronic structure and elastic properties of the newly discovered ternary carbide

The electronic structure and elastic properties of the newly discovered ternary layered carbide Ti₄GaC₃ were investigated by means of the first-principle plane-wave pseudopotential total energy calculation method based on density functional theory. The computed results, including lattice constants and internal coordinates, are in good agreement with experimental values. The elastic moduli of ideal polycrystalline Ti₄GaC₃ were predicted from the individual elastic constants by Voigt approximation. The band structure shows that the electrical conductivity is metallic and anisotropic, with a high density of states at the Fermi energy. The elastic properties are anisotropic, related to the Ti–Ga bonds being relatively weaker than the Ti–C bonds.     

DFT - based study of electronic structures and mechanical properties of LiTaO3: ferroelectric and paraelectric phases

Abstract

By applying ab initio calculation within density functional theory (DFT), we study the structure parameters, electronic band structure, elastic coefficients, polycrystalline elastic properties, anisotropy factors and Debye temperature of ferroelectric and paraelectric phases of LiTaO₃ within the generalised gradient approximation at ambient pressure. The atomic structure in both phases is fully relaxed and the lattice constant, angle and atomic positions are well consistent with experimental values. The computed single-crystal elastic coefficients indicate that mechanical stability of LiTaO₃ in both phases is confirmed using the generalised Born criteria. The shear, bulk and Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Vickers hardness were computed according to theoretical elastic constants by Voight–Reuss–Hill method. Several anisotropy factors and indexes are computed to illustrate mechanical anisotropy. Both phases are shown to be weakly anisotropic. The Debye temperature is estimated using the longitude and transverse elastic wave velocity of the ideal polycrystalline LiTaO₃ aggregates. We have found that LiTaO₃ in both phases has an indirect energy band gap. The differences in the electronic structure and density of states for both phases are quite small. Our results indicate that the mechanical and bonding properties of both phases are very similar. The obtained results were compared with the available experimental and theoretical values.     

Computational investigations of mechanical and dynamical properties of gold-based compounds (X3Au,X = Ti,Zr and V)

The structural, elastic, electronic and phonon properties of X₃Au (X?=?Ti, Zr and V) compounds in the A15 structure were obtained in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The equilibrium lattice constants, bulk modulus and elastic constants were calculated. The calculation of elastic constants revealed that V₃Au has the highest hardness nature and incompressibility along the x-axis among them. The computed elastic constants also provided information about the ductility of X₃Au compounds which were predicted using Pugh's criteria. The results indicated that all three compounds have ductile nature. The density of states calculations revealed that electrons of Ti, Zr and V provide most contribution to the conductivity of the compounds and thus cause a metallic bonding. The investigation of stability via phonon spectra of compounds showed that these compounds are dynamically stable in the A15 structure.     

Theoretical predictions of the structural and thermodynamic properties of MgZn2 Laves phase under high pressure

The structural and thermodynamic properties of MgZn₂ Laves phase under hydrostatic pressure have been investigated by using a first-principles method based on the density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated equilibrium structural parameters are consistent with the previous experimental and theoretical data. Especially, we study the pressure dependence of the elastic constants, polycrystalline elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio, elastic anisotropy, and theoretical Vickers hardness of MgZn₂. It is found that the pressure plays a significant role in the elastic properties of MgZn₂ due to the variations of inter-atomic distance. In addition, the density of states and Mulliken analysis are performed to reveal the bonding characteristics of MgZn₂. It is observed that the total density of states exhibits a certain offset with the increase of external pressure. Finally, the dependences of thermodynamic properties on pressure and temperature of MgZn₂ Laves phase have been also successfully predicted and analyzed within the quasi-harmonic Debye model for the first time.     

First-principles study of electronic structure and elasticity of UAlx (x=1,2,3) system

A detailed theoretical study of structural, electronic, and elastic properties of cubic UAl_x (x=1,2,3) is presented employing the pseudopotential plane-wave method based on density-functional theory. The structure parameters of these three compounds have been calculated within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation (LDA). The calculated results were compared with the experimental data and previous research. With the GGA approximation, the elastic constants, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio of UAl_x (x=1,2,3) are derived. According to the generalized mechanical stability criteria for cubic crystals, our calculation suggested that C15 UAl₂ and L12 UAl₃ are stable substance under hydrostatic pressures, but B2 UAl might be expected as a metastable compound, which is not reported in previous literature, and future experimental confirmation is needed. Furthermore, the calculated energy band structure and density of state (DOS) are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical values. Additionally, the charge density of these compounds have also been worked out and analyzed.     

Ab initio calculations of structural,elastic and electronic properties of Li2O2

The equilibrium structure of the compound Li₂O₂ has been obtained via minimization of the total energy within the local density approximation (LDA) based on density functional theory (DFT). The calculated lattice parameters are in excellent agreement with available values. The elastic properties of Li₂O₂ are investigated. Values of all independent elastic constants (C ₁₁, C ₁₂, C ₁₃, C ₃₃ and C ₄₄) as well as bulk moduli in the a and c directions are predicted. Our calculated elastic properties suggest that the compound Li₂O₂ is slightly anisotropic but can be considered as an isotropic material compared with other highly anisotropic materials. The electronic properties, including the density of states and energy band structure, are obtained and we find that this compound behaves as a semiconductor.     

四方和正交以及单斜相K0.5Na0.5NbO3的结构稳定性和电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理超原胞方法和虚晶近似方法, 在局域密度近似和广义梯度近似下, 对四方和正交以及单斜相K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃的能量和原子结 构以及电子结构进行了系统的研究. 计算结果表明三种K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃相的能量差别较小, 这与实验上它们之间容易发生相转化是一致的. 进一步发现单斜相的能量比四方相和正交相低, 说明单斜相结构更加稳定, 并且理论计算的结构参数与实验值符合得很好. 电子结构结果也表明单斜相的键合作用比四方相和正交相键合作用更强, 进一步说明单斜相结构更加稳定. 关键词： 铌酸钾钠 四方相 单斜相 密度泛函理论     

First-principles calculations for elastic properties of OsB2 under pressure

The structure, elastic properties and elastic anisotropy of orthorhombic OsB₂ are investigated by density functional theory method with the ultrasoft pseudopotential scheme in the frame of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as well as local density approximation (LDA). The obtained structural parameters, elastic constants, elastic anisotropy and Debye temperature for OsB₂ under pressure are consistent with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. It is found that the elastic constants, bulk modulus and Debye temperature of OsB₂ tend to increase with increasing pressure. It is predicted that OsB₂ is not a superhard material from our calculations.     

An ab initio study of filled skutterudites ROs4P12 (R = Sm,Eu and Gd)

The elastic, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of filled skutterudite ROs₄P₁₂ (R = Sm, Eu and Gd) have been studied by first principles calculation. The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method based on density functional theory was employed. For the exchange-correlation potential, local spin density approximation + Coulomb repulsion (LSDA + U) is used to treat the f-electrons more effectively. The numerical values of the elastic parameters are estimated in the framework of the Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation. OsP-based filled skutterudite with localized 4f and 5d-electrons shows dense energy bands near Fermi energy originating from rare earth and Os atoms. The dense density of states near E_F reveals that these compounds are suitable for thermoelectric application. Optical constants including dielectric function, optical reflectivity and refractive index are calculated for photon energy radiation up to 12 eV. The exchange-splitting of R-4f states were analyzed to explain the ferromagnetic behavior of ROs₄P₁₂.