Superconducting anisotropy and vortex pinning in CaKFe_4As_4 and KCa_2Fe_4As_4F_2

The vortex pinning determining the current carrying capacity of a superconductor is an important property to the applications of superconducting materials.For layered superconductors,the vortex pinning can be enhanced by a strong interlayer interaction in accompany with a suppression of superconducting anisotropy,which remains to be investigated in iron based superconductors(FeSCs)with the layered structure.Here,based on the transport and magnetic torque measurements,we experimentally investigate the vortex pinning in two bilayer FeSCs,CaKFe₄As₄(Fe1144)and KCa₂Fe₄As4F₂(Fe12442),and compare their superconducting anisotropyγ.While the anisotropyγ≈3 for Fe1144 is much smaller thanγ≈15 in Fe12442 around Tc,a higher flux pinning energy as evidenced by a higher critical current density is found in Fe1144,as compared with the case of Fe12442.In combination with the literature data of Ba_0.72K_0.28Fe2As₂ and Nd Fe As_O0.82F_0.18,we reveal an anti-correlation between the pinning energy and the superconducting anisotropy in these Fe SCs.Our results thus suggest that the interlayer interaction can not be neglected when considering the vortex pinning in Fe SCs.     

Incommensurability and metastability problems in NH4HSeO4 and ND4DSeO4: A reinvestigation of phase diagrams

Abstract

X-ray and neutron diffraction results on NH₄HSeO₄ and ND₄DSeO₄ are reported. Direct evidence of an incommensurate phase sandwiched between the monoclinic high-temperature phase (space group B2) and the low-temperature ferroelectric lock-in phase k = ? (space group P1) has been obtained in NH₄HSeO₄. The phase situation is more complicated in ND₄DSeO₄, where an incommensurate phase is found sandwiched between the B2 phase and a lock-in phase k = ¼ and where a phase in which several modulations coexist has been discovered in between the two lock-in phases k = ¼ and k = ?. The non-equilibrium processes, also present in ND₄DSeO₄, have been identified. All these results have clarified the situation about the phase diagram.     

RbⅧ—NbⅪ离子n=4complex跃迁谱线、波长和振子强度

用HXR方法计算了类锌等电子序列RbⅧ-NbⅫ离子n=4complex组态能级，通过对各能级值沿等电子序列的变化规律分析，找出了ⅦE随Zc变化的一种新的拟合公式，运用此公式和我们自己设计的FOR-TRAN程序对上述组态各能级值进行了系统的拟合计算，给出了4s^2-4s4p,4s4p-4s4d跃迁谱线波长和相应的振子强度。     

Phase transitions in DyVO4 and DyAsO4

This paper reports on optical, magnetic, and specific heat experiments at low temperatures on DyVO₄ and DyAsO₄, including a summary of previous works on these two substances. The crystallographic phase transition in DyVO₄ is second order, whereas in DyAsO₄ there is a latent heat at the distortion temperature. In contrast to the results of neutron diffraction experiments, no evidence for a canted antiferromagnetic structure in DyAsO₄ below the magnetic transition temperature was found. Magnetically, DyAsO₄ behaves almost identically to DyVO₄.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. W. Buckel on the occasion of his 60th birthdayThis work is a somewhat shortened translation of the Habilitationsschrift submitted to the Fakultät für Physik der Universität Karlsruhe     

Coxeter groups A4, B4 and D4 for two-qubit systems

The Coxeter–Weyl groups W(A₄), W(B₄), and W(D₄) have proven very useful for two-qubit systems in quantum information theory. A simple technique is employed to construct the unitary matrix representations of the groups, based on quaternionic transformation of the usual reflection matrices. The von Neumann entropy of each reduced density matrix is calculated. It is shown that these unitary matrix representations are naturally related to various universal quantum gates and they lead to entangled states. Canonical decomposition of generators in terms of fundamental gate representations is given to construct the quantum circuits.     

RbⅧ-NbⅫ离子n＝4 complex跃迁谱线、波长和振子强度

用HXR方法计算了类锌等电子序列RbⅧ-NbⅫ离子n＝4 complex组态能级.通过对各能级值沿等电子序列的变化规律分析,找出了ΔE随Zc变化的一种新的拟合公式,运用此公式和我们自己设计的FORTRAN程序对上述组态各能级值进行了系统的拟合计算.给出了4s2-4s4p,4s4p-4s4d跃迁谱线波长和相应的振子强度.     

Impedance spectroscopy analysis of LiZnVO4 and LiMgVO4

A comparative LiZnVO₄ and LiMgVO₄ conductivity study was done from room temperature to 500 °C and at frequencies from 42 to 1 MHz. The impact of moisture absorption to the materials’ conductivity was investigated. It was shown for LiZnVO₄ that moisture absorption is responsible for the decrease of the compound’s conductivity as the material is heated up to 150 °C. The LiZnVO₄ bulk activation energy value was calculated to be 1.20 eV. Two grain boundary activation energy values were calculated for the LiZnVO₄, 0.59 eV at the lower temperature range and 1.37 eV at the higher temperature range. An explanation for the existence of these two values was given. Both materials’ plots of the loss factor (tanδ) versus frequency at different temperatures were found to display a peak, and the modulus master curves present a scaling behavior that suggests non Debye type conductivity relaxation and ion migration via hopping.     

Chemical exchange in KHSeO4 and NH4HSeO4 studied by two-dimensional NMR

The microscopic mechanism of proton transport in partially deuterated potassium hydrogen selenate (KHSe) and in partially deuterated ammonium hydrogen selenate (AHSe) were studied by means of one-dimensional Fourier transform²H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), two-dimensional²H NMR and dielectric measurements over a wide temperature range. In both systems, KHSe and AHSe, the slow chemical exchange processes of deuterons between different hydrogen bridges occur. It was established that the rates of exchange between deuteron sites, which are involved in infinite chains of hydrogen bonds, are approximately the same for both crystals. The rates of exchange between these positions and the deuterons in the dimer groups of KHSe are approximately hundred times more slowly. On the basis of our findings, we discuss the models of the microscopic mechanism of hydrogen transport for both substances.     

Multiple-prism dispersion and 4×4 ray transfer matrices

The 4×4 ray transfer matrix method is extended to describe generalized multiple-prism dispersive systems of practical interest. Particular attention is given to the generalized optical path coefficient (B _r )and the dispersion component (F _r ).     

4-氨基-4'-氯二苯甲酮的合成及光谱表征

对硝基苯甲酰氯和氯苯在无水三氯化铝催化下 ,生成 4 硝基 4’ 氯二苯甲酮。以二硫化钠为还原剂 ,将其还原成重要有机中间体 4 氨基 4’ 氯二苯甲酮。通过多因素正交实验 ,确定了最佳工艺条件为 :反应温度 92℃ ,反应时间 2 5h ,4 硝基 4’ 氯二苯甲酮 :Na2 S2 =1∶1 7(mol) ,回收率为 85 80 % ,纯度为98 0 8% ,熔点 177～ 179℃。采用元素分析 ,1H ,13 C核磁共振波谱 ,红外光谱及质谱法表征了目标化合物的分子结构 ,并对化合物红外光谱吸收峰及核磁谱带进行了归属分析。阐明了质谱主要碎片离子的裂解途径。此研究可为无致癌性的禁用染料中间体替代品开发提供依据。     

Generalized ellipsometry and the 4 × 4 matrix formalism

The 4 × 4 matrix formalism described by Berreman and others provides a method of determining the reflection and transmission properties of general stratified anisotropic materials. This formalism, when combined with the work of Azzam and Bashara and others on generalized ellipsometry, can be used to predict the extinction settings of a nulling ellipsometer for reflection of light from virtually any type of film covered surface provided that the surface is flat and that any films are uniform. In the present work the 4 × 4 matrix formalism is reviewed and combined with the equations necessary to predict the null settings of an ellipsometer. Examples of the application of these calculations to an optically active surface and a biaxial surface are also presented.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization of SrMoO4 and SrWO4 nanocrystals

Journal of Nanoparticle Research - SrMoO4 and SrWO4 nanocrystals have been synthesized using Sr(NO3)2 and Na2MeO4 (Me = Mo and W) in ethylene glycol by a microwave irradiation...     

Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis of NH4 ReO4, AgReO4 and Al (ReO4)3

The laser microprobe mass analyzer (LAMMA) is a recently developed mass spectroscopic technique for both organic and inorganic microanalysis. LAMMA analysis involves laser ionization of the sample material followed by mass separation in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The present application of LAMMA illustrates the characterization of three inorganic perrhenates: NH₄ReO₄, AgReO₄ and Al(ReO₄)₃. Results clearly show the value of LAMMA for inorganic mass spectrometry, in this study the most useful data originated in the negative-ion mass spectra.     

Esters of 4-nitrocinnamic acids and 4-halogene-4’-hydroxyazobenzenes – synthesis,mesogenic and optical studies

Six new compounds were synthesized that have no alkyl chains in their structure: 4-nitrocinnonates of 4-hydroxyazobenzene, 4-nitro-4’-hydroxyazobenzene, 4-fluoro-4’-hydroxyazobenzene, 4-chloro-4’-hydroxyazobenzene, 4-bromo-4’-hydroxyazobenzene and 4-iodo-4’-hydroxyazobenzene. Using the polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, enthalpies and temperatures of phase transitions were determined. All investigated compounds have an enantiotropic nematic phase. These compounds proved to be extremely thermally stable. Thermal decomposition was observed in temperatures above 300°C. Investigated compounds contain two different chromophore groups (i.e. azo and ethene moieties), which influenced the complex trans–cis isomerization processes of both groups (three time-separated processes were observed). It was shown that the presence of the ethene group significantly shifts the π-π* band towards higher energies. The substituent polarity in the azo group also affected the energy of this absorption band. A weak luminescence effect was observed in the 4-nitrocinnonates of 4-hydroxyazobenzene compound.