在数字化MRI谱仪系统设计中消除梯度抖动的方法

提出了一种在磁共振成像谱仪系统中消除由于数字化设计而引起的梯度抖动的方法．该方法利用梯度波形发生器的内部时钟控制脉冲序列的启动,使得它们真正实现同步．本文除详细介绍该方法的原理之外,还通过实验证明了它的有效性．     

基于单片FPGA的磁共振成像梯度计算模块

提出了一种用于磁共振成像的高集成度的数字梯度计算模块. 它可以实时计算任意层面成像所需的梯度波形,并能对X、Y、Z三个通道做波形预增强处理. 该模块基于单片FPGA器件,梯度波形数据预存于FPGA内嵌的RAM中,波形更新时间最小为1 μs. 在FPGA内部通过复用一种快速IIR滤波器算法,能在1 μs时间内实现包含6组不同时间常数和幅度的预增强运算. 实验证明该系统具有通用性好、体积小和成本低等特点,为磁共振谱仪的研制提供了一种紧凑、灵活的梯度波形发生方案.      

磁共振成像数字谱仪的射频发射/接收通道相位相干性的研究

讨论了一种在核磁共振成像数字谱仪中保证射频发射机与接收机之间射频信号相位相干的方法,该方法在成像脉冲序列执行过程中,同步切换发射机与接收机的频率,并在脉冲序列最后,将发射和接收频率恢复到脉冲序列最初的频率值,从而实现发射与接收的信号相干,其优点是无需加入额外的"回绕延时",从而使得脉冲序列的编写得到简化,并且该方法不依赖于磁共振谱仪发射机和接收机硬件部分的具体结构,是适用于数字化谱仪的一种普遍的方法.     

脉冲梯度增强技术的初步研究

自行研制一套脉冲梯度场系统,配合Bruker公司MSL 300谱仪研究脉冲梯度增强的高分辨核磁共振,研制以PC/286为核心的梯度脉冲波形和幅度可任意调节的梯度场发生器;改装谱仪的¹H液体探头、增加梯度场线图.分析了脉冲梯度场产生的涡流磁场的影响;报道了利用自制梯度场系统进行的脉冲梯度增强的高分辨COSY实验.     

基于PC机的脉冲序列发生器

为了降低谱仪的复杂性和成本，文中提出了基于PC机的脉冲序列发生器设计方案. 详细讨论了在Windows 98和Windows XP下通过关中断的方法来保证脉冲序列时序的精度和稳定性，通过实验给出了基于PC机的脉冲序列发生器的短期稳定度和长期稳定度，最后通过自旋回波实验直接验证了该方案的可行性.     

基于小波与三次样条插值的包迹谱的水下目标分类研究

研究了水下目标辐射噪声中包迹谱特征的提取。包迹波形由目标波形的极大值点连线构建而成。在对目标辐射噪声进行小波变换后,检索了波形极大值点,并采用三次样条插值算法,实现包迹波形的构建。根据构建波形提取包迹谱,最后把提取的特征送入模糊ART神经网络分类器进行识别。实验表明,这种方法对水下目标辐射噪声具有很好的分类效果,同时又能从其包迹谱中观察出原始波形不同程度的周期性。     

高场强核磁共振下测量水的自旋晶格弛豫时间

在反转恢复脉冲序列中增加双极性梯度场脉冲以压制辐射阻尼效应,从而使之能够在高场强核磁共振波谱仪(Bruker AV600)中较为准确测量水的自旋-晶格时间.这一方法应用于商品化成像对比剂Gd-DTPA的弛豫率测试,得到的结果和文献相似,证实了该方法的可靠性.进一步应用于新合成成像对比剂TEMDP-EMFs性能的评价.     

基于离散Morse理论的散乱点云特征提取

为了有效提取散乱点云上的特征点,针对现有点云特征提取算法采用全局统一的特征度量阈值易造成特征误判、漏判及需要多次人工调参的问题,基于离散Morse理论,提出一种自适应的特征提取算法。首先,采用基于局部邻域的协方差分析计算每个数据点的特征度量,标定潜在特征点。然后将潜在特征点与其邻域点在主方向上所形成的夹角平均值作为局部特征检测算子,利用该算子计算该点的离散梯度;最后,构建每个潜在特征点局部邻域内的Voronoi图,利用线性插值法计算离散点所在泰森多边形所有顶点的梯度构建离散梯度向量域,将离散梯度向量域中的梯度极值点判定为特征点。为提高算法的稳健性和抗噪能力,将离散梯度计算扩展到多尺度上,将邻域大小作为离散的尺度参数,多尺度地对一点进行判定。实验结果表明,该方法简单、稳健性好,不依赖于特征的尖锐程度,能在有效提取较尖锐特征的同时,尽可能多地保留较平滑特征。当噪声为0.03 dB时,可以有效地提取点云特征,而当噪声为0.05 dB时,尽管存在个别特征点消失的情况,但整体上显著特征点能够得到较好地提取,效果令人满意。     

一种永磁磁共振中磁体涡流场的测量方法

磁共振成像（Magntic Resonance Imaging,MRI）技术是一种先进的医疗影像技术.在MRI系统中,通过梯度线圈电流快速切换方向,对待测区域施加梯度磁场,产生的梯度磁场会在其周围的金属体内激发出变化的涡旋电场,进而导致金属体内闭合的回路中产生对原来的梯度电流起抑制作用的感生电流,也就是我们所说的涡流.本文介绍了一种测量磁体涡流场的方法,结合电磁感应定律,设计了一种磁体涡流场测量装置,通过硬件采集以及软件处理的方法,将理想梯度场与实际磁场进行相减并将波形实时呈现,实验结果表明该方法可实现对磁体涡流场的测量.     

一种用于核磁共振的脉冲场梯度单元

给出一种用于核磁共振谱仪的脉冲场梯度单元的详细设计. 它具有结构简洁、性能良好以及成本低廉等特点. 该单元只需外部设备提供两条TTL触发线即可产生任意波形的梯度脉冲，因此可以方便地与商用核磁共振仪器配套使用.     

Single point measurements of magnetic field gradient waveform

Pulsed magnetic field gradients are fundamental to spatial encoding and diffusion weighting in magnetic resonance. The ideal pulsed magnetic field gradient should have negligible rise and fall times, however, there are physical limits to how fast the magnetic field gradient may change with time. Finite gradient switching times, and transient, secondary, induced magnetic field gradients (eddy currents) alter the ideal gradient waveform and may introduce a variety of undesirable image artifacts. We have developed a new method to measure the complete magnetic field gradient waveform. The measurement employs a heavily doped test sample with short MR relaxation times (T(1), T(2), and T(2)(*)<100 micros) and a series of closely spaced broadband radiofrequency excitations, combined with single point data acquisition. This technique, a measure of evolving signal phase, directly determines the magnetic field gradient waveform experienced by the test sample. The measurement is sensitive to low level transient magnetic fields produced by eddy currents and other short and long time constant non-ideal gradient waveform behaviors. Data analysis is particularly facile permitting a very ready experimental check of gradient performance.     

Synchronized and noise-robust audio recordings during realtime magnetic resonance imaging scans

This letter describes a data acquisition setup for recording, and processing, running speech from a person in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The main focus is on ensuring synchronicity between image and audio acquisition, and in obtaining good signal to noise ratio to facilitate further speech analysis and modeling. A field-programmable gate array based hardware design for synchronizing the scanner image acquisition to other external data such as audio is described. The audio setup itself features two fiber optical microphones and a noise-canceling filter. Two noise cancellation methods are described including a novel approach using a pulse sequence specific model of the gradient noise of the MRI scanner. The setup is useful for scientific speech production studies. Sample results of speech and singing data acquired and processed using the proposed method are given.     

A technique for flow-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the lower extremities

A two-dimensional, flow-enhanced gradient echo pulse sequence for nuclear magnetic resonance angiography is described. It employs interleaved, presaturated slices to acquire data efficiently on imagers which favor interleaved acquisition over sequential acquisition for multislice imaging. It is useful on any imager when the effective TR is extended to enhance the sensitivity to slow flow. The technique was applied to the region from aortic bifurcation to the iliac bifurcations of three normal volunteers. The right and left common iliac arteries and veins, the separation of the external and internal iliac arteries, and secondary branches were clearly depicted.     

超宽带散射信号的时域测量及处理

 叙述了在超宽带电磁脉冲照射下良导电散射体散射信号的时域测量技术及数据处理方法。描述了产生散射信号的物理过程,散射信号的时域测量步骤、提取方法以及散射体冲激响应的计算方法。通过对铝金属球体散射信号的测量及处理,说明了上述测量技术和数据处理方法是有效的,基本满足逆散射成像的要求。     

Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging of diffusion anisotropy and diffusion gradient

The theory of diffusion gradient-weighted MRI (DGWI) is presented in this paper. The Bloch-Torrey equation was modified to include the effect of intravoxel spatial-location variation of water diffusion (diffusion gradient) on MRI signal, in addition to the effect of intravoxel spatial-direction variation of water diffusion (diffusion anisotropy). An analytical solution for a diffusion-encoding spin-echo pulse sequence was derived. Unlike water diffusion which attenuates the image signal intensity, this newly derived solution relates the spatial gradient of the water diffusion with the phase of the image signal. This novel MRI technique directly measures both the water diffusion and its spatial gradient, and thus offers a noninvasive imaging tool to simultaneously investigate the intravoxel inhomogeneity and anisotropy of tissue structures. In addition, as demonstrated with our preliminary data, this new method may be utilized to delineate the interfaces of tissues with different diffusion. This method is an extension of the successful diffusion tensor MRI (DTI), but requires no additional data acquisition. In addition to the measured diffusion tensor, this new method provides measurements of the spatial derivatives of the three principal diffusivities of the tensor, thereby providing additional information for improving white matter fiber tractography.     

The virtual NMR spectrometer: a computer program for efficient simulation of NMR experiments involving pulsed field gradients

This paper presents a software program, the Virtual NMR Spectrometer, for computer simulation of multichannel, multidimensional NMR experiments on user-defined spin systems. The program is capable of reproducing most features of the modern NMR experiment, including homo- and heteronuclear pulse sequences, phase cycling, pulsed field gradients, and shaped pulses. Two different approaches are implemented to simulate the effect of pulsed field gradients on coherence selection, an explicit calculation of all coherence transfer pathways, and an effective approximate method using integration over multiple positions in the sample. The applications of the Virtual NMR Spectrometer are illustrated using homonuclear COSY and DQF COSY experiments with gradient selection, heteronuclear HSQC, and TROSY. The program uses an intuitive graphical user interface, which resembles the appearance and operation of a real spectrometer. A translator is used to allow the user to design pulse sequences with the same programming language used in the actual experiment on a real spectrometer. The Virtual NMR Spectrometer is designed as a useful tool for developing new NMR experiments and for tuning and adjusting the experimental setup for existing ones prior to running costly NMR experiments, in order to reduce the setup time on a real spectrometer. It will also be a useful aid for learning the general principles of magnetic resonance and contemporary innovations in NMR pulse sequence design.     

基于USB总线的一体化核磁共振谱仪控制台

针对台式核磁共振谱仪便携化、小型化的发展趋势，开发了一套基于USB总线的一体化核磁共振谱仪控制台，将控制/通讯部分、脉冲序列控制部分、射频发射部分与信号接收部分集成于一卡，并可实现两种工作模式. 工作模式1：系统基于USB与一台个人计算机通讯，由计算机控制来完成从对谱仪的实时控制到数据处理及显示的所有任务；工作模式2：系统由集成的微处理器控制，不需要计算机的参与，独立完成整个工作进程. 本文详细介绍了该谱仪控制台的设计思路和硬件结构，给出了常规NMR序列的实验结果.     

Combined relaxation and displacement experiment: a fast method to acquire T2, diffusion and velocity maps

A fast method for quantitative imaging of T2 and displacement (flow and diffusion) is presented. The pulse sequence combines multi-PGSE NMR with multi-echo acquisition and compensates for flow effects in the read gradient and diffusion during multi-echo trains. The impact of the gradient pulses in a multi-echo train on the signal phase and amplitude is discussed. It is shown that separate T2 and displacement images with microscopic resolution can be obtained within minutes. The capability for 3D flow imaging is demonstrated. The sequence is then used to investigate forced detachment of a biofilm in a tube.     

Diffusion-weighted three-dimensional MP-RAGE MR imaging

The advantages of three-dimensional (3D) acquisition are that you obtain thinner and more slices with better profiles, and better signal-to-noise ratio for an equivalent slice thickness. Three-dimensional acquisition is preferable for obtaining contiguous thin-slice MR images. However, the acquisition time extends compared with the two-dimensional acquisition because the second phase-encode axis is applied by the 3D acquisition. Therefore, 3D acquisition should be a high-speed imaging method. In this paper, a new diffusion-sensitive 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3D MP-RAGE) sequence was studied. In this sequence, a preparation phase with a 90 degrees RF-motion proving gradient (MPG): MPG-180 degrees RF-MPG-90 degrees RF pulse train (diffusion-weighted driven-equilibrium Fourier transform) was used to sensitize the magnetization to diffusion. Centric k-space acquisition order is necessary to minimize saturation effects from tissues with short relaxation times. From phantom experimental results, the effect of the diffusion weighting was changed by the centric vs. sequential k-space acquisition order. The effect of centric k-space acquisition order was larger than the effect of sequential k-space acquisition order. The contrast of centric k-space acquisition order became equal to the contrast of conventional diffusion-weighted spin echo. From rat experimental results, small isotropic diffusion-weighted image data (voxel size: 0.625 x 0.625 x 0.625 mm3) were obtained. This sequence was useful in vivo.