管内层流充分发展段等效热边界层的构造及其场协同分析

本文采用数值计算方法分析了圆管中部分填充多孔介质时在充分发展段的流动与传热特征,并运用场协同原理分析了其强化传热机理.结果表明,采用部分填充多孔介质的方法可以在管内流动充分发展段构造等效热边界层;选择高热导率、高孔隙率的多孔介质以及合理的多孔介质填充率,可以显著强化换热而不引起流动阻力的过度增加.与传统的在流体边界区域采取传热强化措施不同,此时,主要是在流动的中心区域采取传热强化措施.计算表明,性能评价指标PEC数可达6,因此,本文方法对于高效、低阻换热器的设计有一定的借鉴意义.     

An overview of micro/nanoscaled thermal radiation and its applications

With the rapid development of micro/nanoscaled technologies, we are confronted with more and more challenges related to small-scale thermal radiation. Thorough understanding and handling of micro/nanoscaled radiative heat transfer is vital for many fields of modern science and technology. For example, proper utilization of near-field thermal radiation phenomenon greatly improves light-electric conversion efficiency. This review introduces theoretical and experimental investigation on near-field thermal radiation, especially progress in application and control of micro/nanoscaled radiative heat transfer, which addresses problems in developing renewable and sustainable energy techniques.     

The role of interfacial layers in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids: A renovated Hamilton–Crosser model

We previously developed a renovated Maxwell model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids and determined that the solid/liquid interfacial layers play an important role in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids. However, this renovated Maxwell model is limited to suspensions with spherical particles. Here, we extend the Hamilton--Crosser model for suspensions of nonspherical particles to include the effect of a solid/liquid interface. The solid/liquid interface is described as a confocal ellipsoid with a solid particle. The new model for the three-phase suspensions is mathematically expressed in terms of the equivalent thermal conductivity and equivalent volume fraction of anisotropic complex ellipsoids, as well as an empirical shape factor. With a generalized empirical shape factor, the renovated Hamilton--Crosser model correctly predicts the magnitude of the thermal conductivity of nanotube-in-oil nanofluids. At present, this new model is not able to predict the nonlinear behavior of the nanofluid thermal conductivity.     

发汗冷却过程中多孔壁面内的局部非热平衡分析

本文采用局部非热平衡模型对发汗冷却过程中多孔壁面内的换热和流动进行了数值模拟,分析了影响多孔介质内固体骨架与流体的温度及温差分布的因素,研究了这些因素对发汗冷却过程的影响规律.计算结果表明:增大固体骨架的导热系数、增大冷却剂流速或者加强冷端换热有利于提高发汗冷却效率.     

微、纳米尺度下圆盘(火积)耗散率最小构形优化

基于构形理论, 以(火积)耗散率最小为优化目标, 在微、纳米尺度下对圆盘导热问题进行构形优化, 得到尺寸效应影响下的无量纲当量热阻最小的圆盘构造体最优构形. 结果表明: 在微、纳米尺度下, 尺寸效应影响下的圆盘构造体最优构形与无尺寸效应影响时的圆盘构造体最优构形有明显区别. 存在最佳无量纲高导热材料通道长度使无量纲当量热阻取得最小值; 随着扇形单元体数目的增大, 最小无量纲当量热阻先减小后增大, 存在最佳的扇形单元体数目使得无量纲当量热阻取得双重最小值, 这与常规尺度下圆盘构造体相应的性能特性明显不同. (火积)耗散率最小的圆盘构造体(火积)耗散率比最大温差最小的构造体(火积)耗散率降低了7.31%, 也即圆盘构造体的平均传热温差降低了7.31%. 微、纳米尺度下基于(火积)耗散率最小的圆盘构造体最优构形能够降低圆盘构造体的平均传热温差, 同时有助于提高其整体传热性能. 本文工作有助于进一步拓展(火积)耗散极值原理的应用范围. 关键词： 构形理论 (火积)耗散率最小 微、纳米尺度 广义热力学优化     

金属蜂窝结构的稳态热性能

采用MCM、FVM方法数值模拟金属热防护系统蜂窝内辐射导热耦合换热,研究了一正六角形蜂窝的稳态热性能及其影响因素,定量分析了各种热量传递机制的作用.结果表明,金属蜂窝表面辐射换热和侧壁导热是主要热量传递方式,对所研究的蜂窝结构,在750 K以上蜂窝内表面辐射换热成为热量主要传递方式.     

基于量子修正的石墨烯纳米带热导率分子动力学表征方法

本文提出了基于量子修正的非平衡态分子动力学模型,可用于石墨烯纳米带热导率的表征.利用该模型对不同温度下,不同手性及宽度的石墨烯纳米带热导率进行了研究,结果发现:相较于经典分子动力学模型给出的热导率随温度升高而单调下降的结论,在低于Debye温度的情况下,量子修正模型的计算结果出现了反常现象.本文研究还发现,石墨烯纳米带的热导率呈现出明显的边缘效应及尺度效应:锯齿型石墨烯纳米带的热导率明显高于扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带;全温段的热导率及热导率在低温段随温度变化的斜率均随宽度的增加而增大.最后,文章用Boltzmann声子散射理论对低温段的温度效应及尺度效应进行了阐释,其理论分析结果说明文章所建模型适合在全温段范围内对不同宽度和不同手性的热导率进行精确计算,可为石墨烯纳米带在传热散热领域的应用提供理论计算和分析依据.     

Controlling Thermal Conduction by Graded Materials

Manipulating thermal conductivities are fundamentally important for controlling the conduction of heat at will. Thermal cloaks and concentrators, which have been extensively studied recently, are actually graded materials designed according to coordinate transformation approaches, and their effective thermal conductivity is equal to that of the host medium outside the cloak or concentrator. Here we attempt to investigate a more general problem: what is the effective thermal conductivity of graded materials? In particular, we perform a first-principles approach to the analytic exact results of effective thermal conductivities of materials possessing either power-law or linear gradation profiles. On the other hand, by solving Laplace's equation, we derive a differential equation for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of a material whose thermal conductivity varies along the radius with arbitrary gradation profiles. The two methods agree with each other for both external and internal heat sources, as confirmed by simulation and experiment. This work provides different methods for designing new thermal metamaterials (including thermal cloaks and concentrators), in order to control or manipulate the transfer of heat.     

随机结构多孔介质等效热导率数值计算

本文对二维颗粒弥散多孔介质的辐射导热耦合等效热导率进行了数值计算研究。首先采用随机生成结构方法(Random generate-growth method,RGGM)生成实际多孔材料的复杂结构。在此基础上,采用离散坐标法及有限容积法求解了复杂结构内部辐射导热耦合换热,进而计算得到材料的等效热导率。根据建立的材料随机结构模型及等效热导率数值计算模型,分别研究了衰减系数、弥散相体积分数、温度等因素对材料等效热导率的影响,并将数值计算结果与理论计算结果进行对比,吻合较好,反映出模型用于预测实际多孔材料等效热导率的有效性。     

凝华结霜霜层导热系数理论分析

研究水蒸汽凝华结霜过程在冷壁上形成的霜层的导热系数,依据随机管子多孔介质霜层模型,假设霜层是由孔隙空间与冰晶骨架构成的多孔介质,其中孔隙空间由随机毛细管及连接管子的接头形成,湿空气中的水蒸汽在霜层的孔隙空间中扩散输运并凝华结霜,根据传热传质学理论,导出霜层导热系数关系式。     

空气在多孔介质中对流换热的数值模拟

本文对空气在多孔结构中的对流换热进行了数值研究．数值模拟与实验的比较表明,对空气在玻璃或轴承钢颗粒多孔结构中的对流换热进行数值模拟时,应采用考虑热弥散效应的局部非热平衡模型．本文还研究了颗粒直径、颗粒导热系数、空气物性随压力的变化及粘性耗散等对换热的影响．     

微尺度换热器的研究及相关问题的探讨

本文对微风度换热器产生的背景、研究现状及存在的问题进行了综述和初步分析。对在微小槽道内流体的流动和传热与常规尺度下的差异的原因和机理进行了简单分析。发现有些用气体所做的实验研究，很有可能是处于有速度滑移和温度跳跃的滑流区。速度滑移和温度跳跃致使阻力系数减小、传热减弱。对微小槽道和多孔介质对传热的强化效果进行厂比较。多孔介质对传热的强化效果更好，但同时压力损失也更大。     

电流转移对MgB_2/Fe超导带材失超传播速度的影响

在MgB2/Fe超导带材中,Fe包套与MgB2超导芯的交界处有很薄的反应层,其主要成分为Fe2B和FeB,其电阻率很高,导致当电流在基材和超导芯间转移时存在一个转移长度,在这一长度上会产生电压分布并伴随有焦耳热产生,从而影响到带材的临界电流测量和热稳定性.本文使用分布电阻模型分析了MgB2/Fe超导带材中的电流转移特点,推导出电流转移长度的公式及由于电流转移产生的焦耳热.并把电流转移产生的焦耳热加入到MgB2/Fe超导带材在绝热条件下失超传播的一维分析当中,推导出失超传播速度的公式,对超导带材失超传播速度的传统计算公式进行了改进.本文对研究MgB2/Fe复合超导带材的热稳定性分析及MgB2超导带材的实用化具有参考价值.     

A Lattice Boltzmann Model for Fluid-Solid Coupling Heat Transfer in Fractal Porous Media

We report a lattice Boltzmann model that can be used to simulate fluid-solid coupling heat transfer in fractal porous media. A numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the temperature evolution under different ratios of thermal conductivity of solid matrix of porous media to that of fluid. The accordance of our simulation results with the solutions from the conventional CFD method indicates the feasibility and the reliability for the developed lattice Boltzmann model to reveal the phenomena and rules of fluid-solid coupling heat transfer in complex porous structures.     

温室内多孔蓄热墙传热与流动特性

本文采用一维稳态饱和多孔介质能量双方程模型,对温室内多孔蓄热墙的传热与流动特性进行了研究.结果表明:多孔蓄热墙的固体骨架与空气之间的换热取决于空气的入口流速、多孔材料的孔隙率、渗透率和固体骨架的导热系数,由于多孔蓄热墙接受的太阳辐照是不均匀的,因此推荐采用具有不同孔隙率的新型复合多孔蓄热墙,以减少这种不利的影响.     

A Lattice Boltzmann Kinetic Model for Microflow and Heat Transfer

In this paper, we propose a lattice Boltzmann BGK model for simulation of micro flows with heat transfer based on kinetic theory and the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (He et al., J. Comp. Phys. 146:282, 1998). The relaxation times are redefined in terms of the Knudsen number and a diffuse scattering boundary condition (DSBC) is adopted to consider the velocity slip and temperature jump at wall boundaries. To check validity and potential of the present model in modelling the micro flows, two two-dimensional micro flows including thermal Couette flow and thermal developing channel flow are simulated and numerical results obtained compare well with previous studies of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), molecular dynamics (MD) approaches and the Maxwell theoretical analysis     

高分子聚合物热输运调控的研究进展

高分子聚合物基热界面材料对高密度集成电路的散热起到至关重要的作用。本文主要阐述 高分子聚合物热导率的理论及实验研究进展,重点介绍近年来关于调控高分子聚合物热导率的相 关工作。此外,本文还对高分子聚合物热输运调控的发展趋势进行了展望,讨论目前研究中尚未 解决的问题及瓶颈。     

基于分形理论的多孔介质导热系数研究

本文根据分形理论,对多孔介质几何结构进行了描述,计算出了不同孔隙率多孔介质简化模型的剖面面积分布分形维数d,并利用分形维数结合土壤导热模型推出了土壤的有效导热系数表达式,计算结果表明,该方法是符合客观实际的．     

硅纳米薄膜法向热导率的进一步分析

应用非平衡分子动力学方法进一步研究了平均温度为300K、厚度为2.715nm-43.44nm的单晶硅薄膜的法向热导率,模拟结果表明,薄膜热导率低于同温度下单晶硅的实验值,存在显著的尺寸效应,当膜厚度在20nm以下时,法向热导率随尺度减小而线性减小,当膜厚度大于20nm时法向热导率随尺度呈现二阶多项式变化。法向热导率的变化规律与面向热导率的变化规律类似,表明薄膜厚度和表面晶格结构对声子传热影响的复杂性。     

Theoretical calculations of thermophysical properties of single-wall carbon nanotube bundles

Carbon nanotube bundles are promising thermal interfacial materials due to their excellent thermal and mechanical characteristics.In this study,the phonon dispersion relations and density of states of the single-wall carbon nanotube bundles are calculated by using the force constant model.The calculation results show that the inter-tube interaction leads to a significant frequency raise of the low frequency modes.To verify the applied calculation method,the specific heat of a single single-wall carbon nanotube is calculated first based on the obtained phonon dispersion relations and the results coincide well with the experimental data.Moreover,the specific heat of the bundles is calculated and exhibits a slight reduction at low temperatures in comparison with that of the single tube.The thermal conductivity of the bundles at low temperatures is calculated by using the ballistic transport model.The calculation results indicate that the inter-tube interaction,i.e.van der Waals interaction,hinders heat transfer and cannot be neglected at extremely low temperatures.For(5,5) bundles,the relative difference of the thermal conductivity caused by ignoring inter-tube effect reaches the maximum value of 26% around 17 K,which indicates the significant inter-tube interaction effect on the thermal conductivity at low temperatures.