改进的傅里叶域小波域联合去模糊算法

傅里叶域与小波域的联合去模糊算法在低噪声时具有优越的恢复效果,但是这种联合去模糊算法并不适用于含噪声的模糊图像.为了解决这一问题,本文将先验约束分别引入傅里叶域的去模糊步骤和小波域的去噪步骤.在傅里叶域,用矩阵形式表示目标函数.对目标函数添加平滑约束并且通过噪声水平和模糊图像高频信息计算得到平滑约束项的滤波系数.同样方式,在小波域对小波域目标函数添加能量约束,实现小波域目标函数的正则化过程.分析傅里叶域的噪声放大程度,通过傅里叶域的滤波系数计算得到小波域能量约束的滤波系数.傅里叶域的平滑约束可以抑制滤波过程中噪声的产生,小波域的能量约束可以提高小波域滤波的鲁棒性.仿真实验表明,改进的算法相比于原始算法具有更好的鲁棒性,可以有效提高图像的恢复质量.对于噪声标准差为0.010.1的模糊图像,改进算法恢复图像峰值信噪比比原始算法恢复图像的峰值信噪比高1左右.并且改进算法对于高斯型点扩散函数误差具有鲁棒性,当点扩散函数估计方差与实际方差相差0.4时,改进算法的恢复效果仍优于原始算法.     

基于目标反射回光对高功率光纤激光器影响的理论模型和数值研究

在高功率光纤激光系统中,常会出现激光照射到目标处产生的回光被重新耦合到激光器内部并得到放大,从而损伤激光系统的现象.对于高功率光谱合成光纤激光系统等缺乏有效回光防护的高功率激光系统,该情况尤为严重.为了解决上述问题,有必要综合整个系统链路中的多种物理效应,评估和分析反射回光对系统运转状态的影响,在设计光纤激光器时优化光路布局和系统结构,以尽量避免不必要的损失.本文基于大气传输理论、光纤速率方程和介质热传导方程模型,分析了反向回光对高功率光纤激光器的影响.研究发现,在大气条件一定的情况下,回光功率与传输距离、光轴偏移角度、光束发散角和光束中心位置偏移量等因素有关,并且会影响光纤激光器输出功率、光束质量因子、热效应和受激拉曼散射光谱信噪比.研究结果对于优化高能光纤激光系统的外光路布局和激光器内部器件系统参数设计具有一定的指导意义.     

基于TOF相机的空间非合作目标位姿测量方法

针对空间非合作目标近距离交会对接时较难获取精确位姿的问题,提出一种高效可靠的基于TOF(time-of-flight)相机的空间非合作目标位姿测量方法.利用TOF相机灰度图可存储光强的特点,用回光反射材质圆点标定板,提高了相机标定精度;基于边缘弧段组合的椭圆检测法计算目标表面对接环内外侧椭圆参数;基于局部阈值的区域生长法对深度图像进行连通域分析,通过面积、长宽比等约束提取出目标表面接插件;利用对接环与接插件建立目标坐标系并解算其在相机坐标系下的三轴位置与姿态角.搭建地面验证系统,通过对比本文方法与ORB(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF)方法4组100帧图像的实验结果,验证了该方法的鲁棒性与测量精度的准确性,说明TOF相机在非合作目标位姿测量领域具有广阔的前景.     

基于分块速度域改进迭代运动目标检测算法的红外弱小目标检测

提出一种基于分块速度域的迭代红外运动目标检测算法来解决传统算法计算量巨大这一难题.首先,采用二维最小均方差滤波器对红外序列图像进行滤波,获得包含弱小目标以及残差的红外序列图像.然后,通过在序列图像块的速度域上应用改进的迭代运动目标检测算法进行能量累积,从而将弱小目标的运动速度在速度域进行累积增强,达到检测弱小运动目标的目的.最后在解算出的速度值附近进行搜索,得到弱小目标运动的精确速度.利用此速度进行空域能量累积,得到叠加图像,在此图上进行目标检测.与传统方法相比较,几组实验结果显示,本文提出的方法大大缩短了检测的时间,而且本文方法的检测效果也较好.     

计算全息术中的空间域滤波

在计算全息技术中,降低载频有着重要的意义.本文提出了一种适用于含二次项波面的空间域离轴滤波方法.在某些情况下,载频可降至一般频率域滤波的1/3左右,文后给出了两例实验结果.     

基于LED阵列与漫反射自由曲面的均匀照明光源设计

提出一种由平面LED阵列与高漫反射率自由曲面构成的间接照明方式。基于LED光源与理想漫反射表面的朗伯特性,构建照明系统的数学模型。根据目标平面预期的光强分布,建立一组微分方程,利用数值方法求解得到漫反射自由曲面的面形轮廓,通过光学软件对该漫反射光源系统实体模型进行非序列光线追迹仿真,模拟结果显示检测区域辐照均匀度达到90%以上,验证了该方案设计均匀照明光源的正确性与有效性。     

大气环境下基于目标照明回光的视轴误差校正实验研究

理论分析了激光瞄准系统中视轴误差与目标照明回光的关系. 介绍了同时具备激光束发射与瞄准偏差校正功能的自适应光学器件––自适应光纤准直器的原理. 搭建了光束经200 m水平大气传输的激光瞄准实验平台. 基于二维目标和三维目标的照明回光, 利用随机并行梯度下降算法分别实现了不同初始视轴误差下的瞄准闭环校正. 实验结果表明, 闭环后二维目标和三维目标的视轴校正残差评价参数分别小于6%和10.8%, 校正精度均在理论范围内. 最后, 分析了算法参数对动目标瞄准的影响.     

一种基于复数域微分的资料同化新方法

提出了一种基于复数域微分的资料同化新方法. 针对变分资料同化中目标泛函梯度计算复杂和精度不高的问题, 首先利用复变量求导法把梯度分析过程转化为复变泛函的数值计算, 进而高效和高精度地获得梯度值; 然后结合经典的最优化方法, 给出了非线性物理系统资料同化问题的新求解算法; 最后对典型混沌系统和包含“开关”现象的单格点比湿发展方程进行了资料同化数值实验, 结果表明新方法能非常有效地估计出非线性动力预报模式的初始条件. 关键词： 资料同化 复数域微分 非线性物理系统 梯度分析     

基于系统辨识的平面光波导谐振腔滤波器仿真实验研究

分别用时域有限差分仿真算法和系统辨识算法对GaAlAs/GaAs单环谐振腔滤波器的滤波特性进行了仿真计算并进行了对比.结果表明：两种算法获得的滤波器的滤波特性基本一致,系统辨识算法比时域有限差分算法可节省一定的计算时间.以仿真模拟为基础,设计、制作了GaAlAs/GaAs平面光波导单环谐振腔滤波器.仿真计算的滤波器滤波特性与实际器件测试结果吻合较好,通带半宽约为13 nm.     

无网格方法中结点搜索算法的改进

在采用无网格方法进行数值计算时,常常涉及到结点搜索问题.在处理复杂区域问题时,求解区域中分布的结点数量非常大.如果用传统的全局结点搜索算法时计算量将十分巨大,因此,提出了求解域分解法以减小结点搜索的计算量.采用该方法时,结点搜索的范围就可以由整个求解域缩减到几个相关的子域中,从而大大地减少了无网格方法计算中的结点搜索时间.用该方法对理想流体的位势流动进行了数值模拟,发现:随结点数的增加,无网格方法所用时间与有限元方法相比越来越大;但与全局结点搜索无网格方法相比,本方法大大节省了计算时间.     

Design of the spatial filter window for digital holographic convolution reconstruction of object beam field

In the convolution reconstruction process of digital holographic object beam field, the object beam fields with different magnifications can be obtained when the reconstructing beams are spherical waves with different wave curvature radii. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental discussion on the useful spatial frequency spectrum of the hologram numerically illuminated by the spherical wave. The result shows that there would be an image in the spatial frequency spectrum of digital hologram, which is completely the same as the object, if the wave surface radius of the spherical wave is equal to the distance from the object to the CCD sensor. Taking this image as a reference and designing a filter, the position of the reconstructed images with different magnifications can be predicted correctly in the reconstructed plane. Additionally, since the spectrum distribution of zero-order diffraction can be forecasted accurately in theory, its contribution can be effectively eliminated through changing the spatial filter shape; then a reconstructed object field containing more high-frequency information can be obtained.     

长工作距离显微成像数字全息合成孔径方法(英文)

提出了一种用于长工作距离下显微成像的数字全息合成孔径方法。首先,在不同斜入射照明条件下记录多幅包含不同物光频谱范围的数字全息图。然后,利用每一幅全息图通过数字方法重构并放大物体强度像。最后,通过非相干叠加这些强度像得到分辨力提高且散斑噪声减小的合成物体强度像。理论分析和实验结果表明,此方法可应用于长工作距离下的原位显微观测。     

JEMS-FDTD软件在电磁脉冲区域传播数值模拟中的应用

电磁脉冲区域传播数值模拟是电磁环境效应分析的重要环节, 面临空间尺度巨大、多辐射源、复杂地貌等技术挑战。本文介绍了三维时域全波电磁模拟并行软件JEMS-FDTD的研制进展。在大规模并行计算FDTD方法的基础上结合自适应网格技术, 研制了一种适应于大区域电磁脉冲传播的高效时域全波计算方法。并基于该技术实现了千km2级城市电磁脉冲区域传播的数值模拟, 获取了全空间的时域电磁场信息, 验证了软件在电磁脉冲区域传播仿真应用中的可行性。     

异色光伏孤子之间的相互作用

用数值方法模拟异色光伏孤子的相互作用.结果表明孤子间相互作用是非弹性的，相互作用的孤子只在有限的传播距离内保持孤子形状.不同频率光伏孤子间的相互作用除了相互吸引外，还存在光能在孤子诱导波导间的耦合. 关键词： 光伏空间孤子 异色 相互作用     

Detection of defects in cylindrical structures using a time reverse method and a finite-difference approach

The detection and characterization of defects in structures is an important issue in non-destructive testing. To avoid the scanning of large samples, guided elastic waves, which propagate along the structure, are excited. These waves interact with a defect, which results in a scattered wave field. In an experiment, the displacements of these scattered waves are recorded over time for a fixed axial coordinate at a number of circumferential positions of a circular cylindrical tube. Since in complex structures it is difficult to determine the axial and particularly circumferential position of the defect directly from the time signals, a time reversed numerical simulation is performed. There the measured displacement histories are reversed in time and used as displacement excitations in a simulation of the tested structure. A three-dimensional code in cylindrical coordinates, based on a velocity-stress finite-difference method, is used to simulate the wave propagation. As long as the geometric and material parameters are chosen equivalent to the performed experiment, the scattered waves travel back through the simulated structure and interfere, even if no defect is present in the numerical model. The result is an increase of the amplitudes of the stress and displacement components at the location where the defect was in the tested sample.     

Self-deflection of steady-state bright spatial solitons in biased centrosymmetric photorefractive crystals

The effects of diffusion on self-deflection of steady-state bright spatial solitons in biased centrosymmetric photorefractive crystals are investigated systematically by both numerical and perturbation methods. The results show that the soliton propagates along a parabolic trajectory and the central spatial frequency component shifts linearly with the propagation distance. Both the deflection effects vary cubically with applied external bias field.     

Open-loop frequency response for a chaotic masking system

In this paper, a new numerical simulation approach is proposed for the study of open-loop frequency response of a chaotic masking system. Using Chua's circuit and the Lorenz system as illustrative examples, we have shown that one can employ chaos synchronization to separate the feedback network from a chaotic masking system, and then use numerical simulation to obtain the open-loop synchronization response, the phase response, and the amplitude response of a chaotic masking system. Based on the analysis of the frequency response, we have also proved that changing the amplitude of the exciting (input) signal within normal working domain does not influence the frequency response of the chaotic masking system. The new numerical simulation method developed in this paper can be extended to consider the open-loop frequency response of other systems described by differential or difference equations.     

Three-dimensional generalization of the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem to wave and particle scattering

Coherence properties of primary partially coherent radiations (light, X-rays and particles) elastically scattered from a 3D object consisting of a collection of electrons and nuclei are analyzed in the Fresnel diffraction region and in the far field. The behaviour of the cross-spectral density of the scattered radiation transverse and along to the local direction of propagation is shown to be described by respectively the 3D Fourier and Fresnel transform of the generalized radiance function of a scattering secondary source associated with the object. A relativistic correct expression is derived for the mutual coherence function of radiation which takes account of the dispersive propagation of particle beams in vacuum. An effect of the spatial coherence of radiation on the temporal one is found; in the Fresnel diffraction region, in distinction to the field, both the longitudinal spatial coherence and the spectral width of radiation affect the longitudinal coherence. A solution of the 3D inverse scattering problem for partially coherent radiation is presented. It is shown that squared modulus of the scattering potential and its 2D projections can be reconstructed from measurements of the modulus and phase of the degree of transverse spatial coherence of the scattered radiation. The results provide a theoretical basis for new methods of image formation and structure analysis in X-ray, electron, ion, and neutron optics.     

Whole field spatial frequency analysis of double-or multiple-exposed PIV images

Speckle Velocimetry or high-image density PIV gives a velocity vector map of a twodimensional flow field by point-by-point spatial frequency analysis of local pattern at an interrogation spot in a double- or a multiple-exposed image of laser speckle or pseudo-speckle pattern generated by pulsed laser-light-sheet illuminations of a plane in the flow densely seeded with fine particles. The whole field spatial frequency analysis of the double- or multiple-exposed PIV image gives more useful information of the flow field. Optical Fourier transform is a conventional technique not only for the local spatial frequency analysis but for the whole field analysis. Filtering of spatial frequency is one of the typical techniques for the latter which can reconstruct a velocity contour or a component velocity contour map of the flow. Fundamentally this technique is a simple and efficient analogue method to get more information in the velocity field analysis of the flow than a digital image processing, but in practical applications the measurement is restricted to simple flows because of optical noise and low spatial resolution. In order to improve the technique, the fundamental characteristics of the filtering and the noise yielded in the filtering process must be investigated. Meanwhile, wavelet analysis can also be applied to the whole field spatial frequency analysis of PIV image. In this paper the filtering technique is examined by numerical convolution integral, and the results obtained are compared with ones obtained by the wavelet analysis.     

Multifilamentation of femtosecond laser pulses induced by?small-scale air turbulence

We report on experimental and numerical investigations of femtosecond pulse propagation locally disturbed by the turbulent flow field of a hot-air blower. The experiments show that turbulence may shorten the collapse/filamentation distance and induce the onset of multiple filaments. This is supported by numerical simulations indicating that the high spatial frequency part of the turbulence spectrum plays a significant role.