Actively tunable dual-broadband graphene-based terahertz metamaterial absorber

A tunable metamaterial absorber (MA) with dual-broadband and high absorption properties at terahertz (THz) frequencies is designed in this work. The MA consists of a periodic array of flower-like monolayer graphene patterns at top, a SiO₂ dielectric spacer in middle, and a gold ground plane at the bottom. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed MA has two wide absorption bands with an absorption of over 90% in frequency ranges of 0.68 THz-1.63 THz and 3.34 THz-4.08 THz, and the corresponding relative bandwidths reach 82.3% and 20%, respectively. The peak absorptivity of the absorber can be dynamically controlled from less than 10% to nearly 100% by adjusting the graphene chemical potential from 0 eV to 0.9 eV. Furthermore, the designed absorber is polarization-insensitive and has good robustness to incident angles. Such a high-performance MA has broad application prospects in THz imaging, modulating, filtering, etc.     

Broad-band polarization-independent metamaterial absorber for solar energy harvesting applications

A novel broad-band polarization-independent with wide-angle metamaterial absorber(MA) is investigated and demonstrated for solar energy harvesting applications. The proposed MA is composed of two metal layers which have different thickness and a dielectric layer which is sandwiched between these metal layers. By this combination, the proposed MA indicates plasmonic resonance characteristic. Numeric results show that proposed MA has perfect absorption characteristic which is above 88.28% with wide-angle for all visible region. It shows almost perfect absorption of 98.4% at the resonance frequency of 621.76 THz and has also 90% absorption between frequencies of 445 THz and 770 THz which is nearly all visible light region. Besides, numerical results validate that the proposed MA could achieve very high absorption at wide-angles of incidence for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves.. The proposed MA and its variations enable for solar cell applications due to have upper ratio of 90% in the widest range of visible spectrum comparing to the studies in literature. In order to show additional features of the proposed structure, parametric studies are realized and discussed. Furthermore, the absorption characteristic of proposed MA is investigated for infrared and ultraviolet region. The enhancement of absorption of the structure will provide new type of sensors in these frequency ranges.     

基于圆台结构的超宽带极化不敏感太赫兹吸收器

本文提出一种基于圆台形吸收单元的超宽带、极化不敏感的超材料太赫兹吸收器. 该超材料吸收器采用金属薄膜金和介质层二氧化硅交替叠加的多层结构. 采用商业软件CST Studio Suite 2009时域求解器计算了其在0–10 THz波段内的吸收率A（ω）,在2–10 THz之间实现了对入射太赫兹波的超宽频带强吸收. 仿真结果表明,由于其圆台形单元结构,在器件垂直方向上形成一系列不同尺寸的微型吸收器,产生了吸收频点相连的多频吸收峰. 利用不同吸收峰的耦合叠加效应,获得超过8 THz的超宽带太赫兹波吸收,吸收强度达到92.3%以上. 这一结构具有超宽带强吸收,360°极化不敏感以及易于加工等优越特性,因而在太赫兹波探测器、光谱成像以及隐身技术方面具有潜在的应用. 关键词： 太赫兹波 超材料吸收器 圆台结构 超宽带     

Design of a multiband terahertz perfect absorber

A thin-flexible multiband terahertz metamaterial absorber(MA) has been investigated. Each unit cell of the MA consists of a simple metal structure, which includes the top metal resonator ring and the bottom metallic ground plane,separated by a thin-flexible dielectric spacer. Finite-difference time domain simulation indicates that this MA can achieve over 99% absorption at frequencies of 1.50 THz, 3.33 THz, and 5.40 THz by properly assembling the sandwiched structure.However, because of its asymmetric structure, the MA is polarization-sensitive and can tune the absorptivity of the second absorption peak by changing the incident polarization angle. The effect of the error of the structural parameters on the absorption efficiency is also carefully analyzed in detail to guide the fabrication. Moreover, the proposed MA exhibits high refractive-index sensing sensitivity, which has potential applications in multi-wavelength sensing in the terahertz region.     

An ultrathin wide-band planar metamaterial absorber based on a fractal frequency selective surface and resistive film

We propose an ultrathin wide-band metamaterial absorber （MA） based on a Minkowski （MIK） fractal frequency selective surface and resistive film. This absorber consists of a periodic arrangement of dielectric substrates sandwiched with an MIK fractal loop structure electric resonator and a resistive film. The finite element method is used to simulate and analyze the absorption of the MA. Compared with the MA-backed copper film, the designed MA-backed resistive film exhibits an absorption of 90% at a frequency region of 2 GHz-20 GHz. The power loss density distribution of the MA is further illustrated to explain the mechanism of the proposed MA. Simulated absorptions at different incidence cases indicate that this absorber is polarization-insensitive and wide-angled. Finally, further simulated results indicate that the surface resistance of the resistive film and the dielectric constant of the substrate can affect the absorbing property of the MA. This absorber may be used in many military fields.     

Extremely-broad band metamaterial absorber for solar energy harvesting based on star shaped resonator

A new metamaterial absorber (MA) is investigated and shown numerically for solar energy harvesting for future solar cell applications. The structure consists of two metals and one dielectric layer having different thicknesses. Owing to this combination, the structure exhibits plasmonic resonance characteristics. In the entire spectrum of visible frequency region, the obtained results show that investigated structure has perfect absorptivity which is above 91.8%. Proposed structure also has 99.87% absorption at 613.94 THz and 99% absorption between 548 and 669 THz. The proposed structure also shows both polarization and angle independency for the entire visible region. The MA based solar cell proposes high absorption with an upper ratio of 90% in the widest range of visible spectrum comparing to the studies in literature. Hence, the proposed metamaterial absorber solar cells can be used for invisibility in entire spectrum of visible light. The absorption characteristics of the solar absorber are also investigated for infrared and ultraviolet region. The enhancement of absorption of the structure will provide new type of sensors in these frequency ranges.     

基于三层光栅结构的超宽带太赫兹吸收体

基于等效介质膜理论及多层减反膜原理设计了用于超宽带太赫兹吸收体的三层微结构光栅,光栅基质采用重掺硼硅材料.用有限时域差分法分析了光栅周期、光栅宽度和深度对太赫兹吸收体反射系数的影响.数值分析结果表明,在低于3THz波段,吸收率高于98%的带宽为1.3THz,吸收率高于95%的带宽达2.1THz.用严格耦合波理论对该三层光栅的高吸收现象进行理论分析,分析结果表明,光栅多级衍射的相互作用减少了入射面的反射率,增大了该吸收体的吸收率.进一步优化三层光栅微结构的参量,在0.6~6THz范围内实现了大于95%的太赫兹吸收.基于光栅结构的吸收体结构简单,易于设计与分析,可以应用于太赫兹成像与探测应用领域.     

1,4-萘醌的太赫兹,远红外及低频拉曼光谱研究

本文对1,4-萘醌进行了太赫兹时域光谱,远红外吸收光谱及低频拉曼散射谱的测试研究。1,4-萘醌的太赫兹吸收光谱与远红外谱仪测得的光谱取得了在1.75 THz(58.3 cm-1)/1.63 THz(54.3 cm-1)等处吸收峰位基本相同、两者相互佐证和补充的结果。将太赫兹和远红外吸收谱与低频拉曼散射谱进行比较,表明两种选择机制不同的光谱在1.04,1.72和4.59 THz等处的峰位基本重合,结合群论的不可约表示理论分析,表明该样品在低频波段具有拉曼活性和红外活性的振动属性(A1、B1或B2)。采用Gaussi-an03软件的密度泛函理论B3LYP函数和6-311基组模拟单分子红外与拉曼光谱,结合实验分析,对部分分子基团或原子振转模式给与了指认。     

夹心式太赫兹微流控芯片

许多生物大分子的振动和转动能级都落在THz波段范围内,因此可以采用THz光谱技术定性地鉴别生物样品。但是大部分生物分子的活性需在液体环境中才能表现出来,而水作为极性物质对THz波具有较强的吸收特性。因此,在THz光谱技术中通常采取各种措施来减少水的影响,以防止水溶液中生物样品的信息被掩盖。该研究设计了两种可利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)系统检测的夹心式微流控芯片,通过减小THz与水的作用距离来减少水对THz的吸收,从而达到高透过率的目的。微流控芯片采用环烯烃共聚物(Zeonor 1420R)作为基片和盖片,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为沟道夹层,利用THz-TDS系统对该芯片进行了测试,测得该芯片在0.2～2.6 THz频率范围内的透过率可以达到80％以上。在微流控芯片中分别加入去离子水、1,2-丙二醇以及二者在不同体积比下的混合溶液,并测量了它们的透射谱。结果表明,不同比例溶液的THz光谱明显不同,说明该芯片在测量液态样品方面的可行性。此外,用该芯片分别研究了不同浓度的氯化钾和碘化钾溶液,发现氯化钾溶液随着浓度的增加THz透过率减弱,而碘化钾溶液则相反。初步认为,电解质改变了水溶液中的氢键密度,从而导致溶液对THz吸收的改变。     

亚波长分形结构太赫兹透射增强的机理研究

利用太赫兹时域光谱(terahertz time domain spectroscopy,简称THz-TDS),研究了亚波长金属分形结构在THz波段的透射增强特性.分别从实验和理论两个方面,研究了铜箔上各级分形结构THz透射增强现象的产生机理.结果表明,在低频区的透射增强主要是由低级分形线中电子运动的共振引起的,而高频区的透射增强则主要由高级分形线中电子运动的共振引起的.从而将这种透射增强效应归结为分形结构中电子的共振辐射,即分形结构的局域共振效应. 关键词： 分形 太赫兹 透射 共振峰     

有机官能团的太赫兹光谱特征研究

采用傅里叶远红外光谱仪(FTIR),在室温条件下测量了多种饱和直链有机小分子的太赫兹光谱。测试结果显示,有机官能团的差异导致有机物的太赫兹光谱特征显著不同。其中,有机物的晶格振动吸收峰和分子间氢键的振动吸收峰分别位于太赫兹高频和低频波段。而且,饱和直链一元醇的—OH官能团产生的分子间氢键的特征峰位于57 cm-1,而三十烷酸的—COOH官能团产生的分子间氢键的特征峰则位于74 cm-1。分子间氢键使三十烷醇和三十烷酸对太赫兹辐射的吸收能力明显地强于三十烷烃。相比于三十烷醇,三十烷酸的太赫兹特征峰还发生有规律的红移和蓝移现象。此外,还采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)基组对饱和直链烷烃、烷醇和烷酸的太赫兹光谱进行了仿真计算,发现分子间氢键作用越强的有机物的单体分子的仿真结果与实测光谱的吻合程度越低。二聚体结构的仿真结果与实测光谱的吻合程度明显地高于单分子结构。研究结果对利用FTIR研究其他有机官能团的太赫兹光谱特征、探索有机分子内部的振动模式、探究有机物太赫兹响应的物理原理及器件应用等具有重要意义。     

极化控制的双波段宽带红外吸收器研究

红外吸收器在红外隐身、辐射制冷、红外探测、传感器等方面有重要的应用前景.一维光栅型吸收器由于其结构简单、易于加工的优势备受关注,然而其不足之处是频带很窄,且只对一种极化有效.本文提出了一种基于简单一维周期结构的双波段宽带吸收器,对横磁波和横电波都有效,且吸波频段随入射波的极化方式而改变.该结构的基本单元由八个梯度排列的子单元构成,每个子单元由两层金属-介质双层膜垂直层叠组成.全波仿真结果表明,在1.68—2μm波段,该结构对横磁波吸收超过90%,而对横电波吸收很小(小于6%);在3.8-3.9μm波段,该结构对横电波吸收超过90%,而对横磁波吸收很小(小于5%).另外,该结构具有宽角度吸收特性,当入射角增大到60°时仍然能够保持较高的吸收率和较宽的吸收频带.     

组氨酸和精氨酸的太赫兹光谱研究

采用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)测试和理论模拟相结合的方法，研究了组氨酸和精氨酸在THz波段的光谱特性.THz-TDS测试的有效光谱范围为0.2—2.8 THz，在该波段得到样品的特征吸收峰分别位于0.88，1.64，2.23 THz(组氨酸)和0.99，1.47，2.60 THz(精氨酸)；运用Gaussian03半经验理论PM3和AM1算法，计算了两种分子在0.1—10.0 THz波段的振动吸收谱，结果表明它们在该波段均具有多个特征吸收，其中在0.2—2.8 THz波段的吸收峰位与实验吸收峰位相互对应并且符合较好；给出了与光谱特征吸收对应的分子振转模型，为认识分子对THz波的响应机制提供了帮助，也为分子鉴别及更宽有效光谱区的实验测试研究提供了科学依据. 关键词： 太赫兹(THz) 半经验理论 THz时域光谱 氨基酸     

马来酰肼多形态的太赫兹光谱研究

分子的多形态(多晶型)是指化学组成相同但存在不止一种晶体形式的物质.这些多形态广泛存在于自然界中,其中药物的多形态尤其普遍.这些药物多形态虽然具有相同的化学分子组成,但其理化性质却存在差异,最终会导致药物作用功能的不同.近年来,随着太赫兹(THz)辐射源的产生方式成为一种常规技术后,太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)...     

DNA碱基分子胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶的太赫兹光谱研究

利用太赫兹时域光谱技术获得了DNA碱基分子胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶在0.1―3.5 THz的特征吸收谱,发现胞嘧啶在2.53 THz的特征吸收细节信息。采用考虑了周期性边界条件的赝势平面波密度泛函方法对胞嘧啶分子晶体进行了结构优化和晶格动力学计算,模拟重现其太赫兹特征吸收光谱,并成功辨识了胞嘧啶在0.1―3.5 THz的所有特征吸收峰。研究结果表明,这些重要的生物分子在太赫兹频段表现出鲜明的光谱特性,胞嘧啶分子3.5 THz以下的吸收特性均来源于由分子间氢键支配的外振动模式。     

Multi-band microwave metamaterial absorber based on coplanar Jerusalem crosses

The influence of the gap on the absorption performance of the conventional split ring resonator(SRR) absorber is investigated at microwave frequencies. Our simulated results reveal that the geometry of the square SRR can be equivalent to a Jerusalem cross(JC) resonator and its corresponding metamaterial absorber(MA) is changed to a JC absorber. The JC MA exhibits an experimental absorption peak of 99.1% at 8.72 GHz, which shows an excellent agreement with our simulated results. By simply assembling several JCs with slightly different geometric parameters next to each other into a unit cell, a perfect multi-band absorption can be effectively obtained. The experimental results show that the MA has four distinct and strong absorption peaks at 8.32 GHz, 9.8 GHz, 11.52 GHz and 13.24 GHz. Finally, the multi-reflection interference theory is introduced to interpret the absorption mechanism.     

Janus Device Based on Liquid Crystal Regulation with a Large Incidence Angle: Analogous Quantum Optical Effect and Absorption

In this paper, a Janus metastructure device (JMD) is proposed. The JMD design introduces asymmetric structures, which leads to the generation of analogous quantum optical effects when light is incident at large angles. Specifically, forward electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) and backward narrowband absorption (NA) are achieved when light is incident along different directions, displaying Janus characteristics in the forward and backward directions. Additionally, the operating frequency of JMD can be controlled through the use of liquid crystal. Such features hold promising potential for various applications in photonic and optoelectronic fields. When the axial direction of the liquid crystal is oriented along the x-direction, the JMD achieves a transparent window over 90% within 0.46–0.51 THz at forward incidence, and an absorption peak of 84.1% appears at 0.331 THz at backward incidence. When the axial direction is oriented along the y-direction, the JMD achieves EIT in the range of 0.51–0.575 THz at forward incidence, and a backward absorption peak of 93.3% occurs at 0.305 THz. In addition, the performance changes at different polarization and incidence angles are presented. The mechanism of absorption generation, the method of suppressing excess absorption, and the parametric inversion of the electromagnetic characteristics of JMD are also discussed.     

木糖醇和D-木糖的太赫兹光谱检测与分析

甜味剂是一种非常重要的食品添加剂,在食品工业中的应用十分广泛,甜味剂的鉴别和检测是一个非常重要的研究课题。太赫兹电磁辐射具有许多独特的性质,太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术已发展成为一种重要的无损检测方法。文章利用太赫兹时域光谱技术,对木糖醇和D-木糖进行了光谱测量,结果表明在0.3～2.6THz波段内,木糖醇在1.62,1.87和2.51THz三个频率位置处出现吸收峰,而D-木糖的吸收峰位于1.67,1.96和2.46THz。应用密度泛函理论,对两种样品的单分子结构进行几何优化和频率计算,并据此对实验测量的吸收峰进行了指认,说明部分吸收峰源于单分子的振动模式,另一部分源于分子间相互作用的振动模式。     

基于科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器

太赫兹滤波器是太赫兹通信、太赫兹成像和太赫兹检测等太赫兹应用系统中不可或缺的功能器件。按照不同的分类方式,滤波器有不同的种类,常见的按照选频功能可分为高通滤波器、低通滤波器、带阻滤波器和带通滤波器。为了实现在太赫兹波段的滤波效果,世界各地的研究人员利用不同的结构、材料和控制方式实现了功能各异的太赫兹滤波器,但是考虑到设计的器件要应用到太赫兹系统中,成本低廉、结构简单、性能优越的太赫兹滤波器一直是研究人员的追求。分形概念自提出以来在很多研究领域都有了快速发展,但是在太赫兹波段的应用还不是很常见,特别是应用于太赫兹功能器件的设计。引入分形中科赫曲线的概念设计并制备了一种新型的太赫兹带通滤波器,该滤波器是在金属薄膜上刻蚀出科赫曲线分形结构,当太赫兹波垂直入射到该滤波器时候实现了在太赫兹波段的窄带滤波。在滤波器的设计过程中,追求理论与实验相结合,首先在电磁仿真软件中建立科赫曲线分形结构滤波器模型进行计算,探究分形结构应用于太赫兹波段进行滤波的可行性,在进行多次计算之后得到优化后的尺寸和结构,然后根据优化后的尺寸加工出科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹滤波器样品,并且将样品放在太赫兹时域光谱系统中进行实验测量,得到实验数据后与仿真结果进行比较。在仿真中利用了时域有限差分法模拟科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器的传输特性,优化后的仿真结果表明:滤波器的谐振频率为0.715 THz,透射系数能够达到0.92,-3 dB带宽为21.9 GHz,将仿真得到的散射参数进行S参数反演得到了太赫兹滤波器样品的电磁参数,这在理论上分析了太赫兹波在谐振点处产生透射增强的原因。利用飞秒激光微加工系统制备了尺寸优化后的科赫曲线分形结构太赫兹带通滤波器样品,然后使用太赫兹时域光谱系统对样品的传输特性进行测试,对实验得到的时域数据进行快速傅里叶变换之后得到频域数据,再把频域数据进行归一化处理后与之前的电磁仿真结果进行对比,发现实验测得的结果与电磁软件仿真得到的结果较为吻合。     

呋喃妥因的太赫兹光谱分析

利用太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了硝基呋喃类药物中呋喃妥因原药在0.2～1.8 THz范围内的吸收系数、折射率等光学指纹特性,结果表明呋喃妥因在该频率范围内出现了多个强度不同的特征吸收峰,吸收系数光谱可用于鉴定呋喃妥因。借助Gaussian软件利用密度泛函理论对呋喃妥因分子在0.2～1.8 THz范围内的吸收系数光谱进行了模拟,并对吸收系数实验光谱中部分吸收峰的振动模式进行了分析和指认。结果表明实验谱中1.25和1.60 THz处的吸收峰与理论谱中1.30和1.67 THz处吸收峰一致,是由呋喃妥因分子内的振动模式引起的。