蒸馏-高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定果脯中二氧化硫

硫在富燃空气-乙炔火焰中可以形成CS双原子分子。CS双原子分子的吸收轮廓与原子光谱吸收类似,因此可以利用原子吸收光谱方法进行定量分析。建立了高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法分析果脯中二氧化硫含量的方法。果脯中的二氧化硫经酸化、蒸馏、过氧化氢氧化等过程转变为硫酸根,通过连续光源原子吸收光谱法检测。对影响二氧化硫检测灵敏度的乙炔流量、火焰高度等仪器参数进行了优化,并考察了样品中硫酸根、硫代硫酸根等不同形态硫对二氧化硫分析的干扰。优化条件下,在257.961nm波长的检出限为52.4mg·kg~(-1);相对标准偏差小于10%。应用于北京市售果脯样品二氧化硫含量测定,平均回收率在85.7%~115.7%之间。该方法具有准确快速、干扰少等优点,拓宽了原子吸收光谱法的应用范围。     

连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定分子吸收研究

连续光源原子吸收光谱法由于是使用高功率的高压短弧脉冲氙灯,其辐射波长为覆盖190~850nm范围的连续光源,且加之以高分辨率分光系统和可视化固态检测器,可对光谱测量中的分子吸收进行测定。该方法可以用于原子吸收光谱法(AAS)中的空气/乙炔火焰的背景吸收,也可以用于测定一些在火焰中可形成分子的元素的测定。同时,还可以用于测定其他的分子吸收及相关的研究。本研究主要应用连续光源的原子吸收光谱测定空气/乙炔火焰中的分子背景吸收。通过将普通的AAS燃烧头加以简单的改进,利用燃烧头水平/垂直光路的两次测定,能有效的测定空气/乙炔火焰中所形成的分子在不同波长条件下的分子吸收情况。     

用高氯酸铵作干扰抑制剂火焰原子吸收法测定钒钛磁铁矿中的铬

火焰原子吸收法测定铬,采用不同类型的火焰其灵敏度和共存元素的干扰各不相同。用空气-乙炔贫燃焰或-氧化二氮-乙炔火焰,共存元素干扰小,但灵敏度低。在空气-乙炔富燃焰中铬的灵敏度高,但共存元素严重干扰测定。为了消除干扰,除采用分离方法外,加干扰抑制剂也能有效地消除干扰。常用的干扰抑制剂有氯化铵,焦硫     

流动注射在线离子交换柱富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钨矿中的铜、锌和铅

建立了流动注射在线离子交换柱富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钨矿中的铜、锌和铅的方法,样品经盐酸和硝酸分解后,加入5%宁可辛溶液使样品中大量的钨呈钨酸析出,样品中一般的伴生元素都可形成可溶性化合物与钨酸分离,之后采用流动注射在线富集与原子吸收联用技术,分别加入浓度依次递增的3种元素的标准溶液,用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收连续测定Cu、Zn和Pb的含量。建立了优化的仪器工作条件,并对可能存在的元素进行干扰试验。方法检出限Cu为0.001μg/mL、Zn为0.001μg/mL、Pb为0.01μg/mL,相对标准偏差Cu为2.7%、Zn为3.6%、Pb为1.9%,加标回收率为96%—106%。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蕨麻中8种矿物元素

利用微波消解,空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法对蕨麻中钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰8种人体必需矿物元素进行了测定。对样品的预处理方法、仪器的测定条件、共存元素的干扰及消除进行了研究,并对各测定元素进行了加标回收率实验。结果表明,在选定的实验条件下,该法的相对标准偏差均小于2.5%(n=8),各元素加标回收率为96.5%—103.2%。     

富氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钙和镁的研究

空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法常用于对钙、镁的测定,但由于火焰温度低,化学干扰严重,结果不太理想;氧化二氮-乙炔火焰虽然可消除化学干扰,但需考虑电离效应,且耗气量大,氧化二氮不易得到。翁永和等报导了用富氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铝的研究,并指出这是一种很有前途的新型高温火焰。     

空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重整催化剂中的镁

本法研究了硝酸镧作为释放剂消除铝等元素对镁的化学干扰,探讨了空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镁的最佳条件,在最灵敏吸收波长处测定催化剂中的镁含量,并进行了样品对照和加标回收试验.该法操作简便、快速、重复性好、数据可靠,结果均令人满意.     

氧气屏蔽空气-液化石油气火焰在原子吸收分析中的应用——燃烧器的设计及其初步应用

在火焰原子吸收分析中,待测元素的原子化效率不仅取决于火焰的温度,还和火焰的还原性或氧化性有关。目前应用最广泛的仍然是空气-乙炔和一氧化二氮-乙炔火焰。而空气-丙烷/丁烷火焰则由于其温度较低,测定时易产生化学干扰而应用的较少。     

富氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中的微量钼

本文首次提出富氧空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量钼的方法，用正交实验方法对实验条件进行了优化选择，当观察高度为10mm、空气流量为6.0L/min、氧气流量为2.3L/min、乙炔流量为5.4L/min时，对钼的测定具有较高的灵敏度，本法中，大多数共存离子对钼的干扰较小，溶液中加入表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠时，具有最大的增感效应和抑制干扰的效应，方法的测定精密度为4.65%，检出限为0.039μg/mL。应用本法测定地质标准样品中的微量钼，结果令人满意。     

水溶液中Cr^3＋的火焰原子吸收光谱法测试条件的优化

为优化火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水溶液中的Cr^3＋的测试条件,分别采用单因素简单比较法、正交实验设计极差分析及正交实验回归方法考察了光谱通带n,空心阴极灯电流I,燃烧器高度h以及乙炔/空气流量比P对于仪器灵敏度的影响。结果表明单因素简单比较法获得的实验条件最优。乙炔/空气流量比P对火焰原子吸收仪器灵敏度影响最大、其次是光谱通带n,燃烧器高度h和灯电流I的影响很小。测定水溶液中的Cr^3＋时仪器灵敏度最佳的实验条件为：乙炔/空气流量比P=0.4;光谱通带n=0.2nm;灯电流I=5mA;燃烧器高度h=5cm。     

Element-selective trace detection of toxic species in environmental samples using chromatographic techniques and derivative diode laser absorption spectrometry

-7 absorption per square root of detection bandwidth are obtained if sufficient laser power is available and if the absorption is also subject to additional modulation. The analytical versatility of these techniques is demonstrated by quantitative analysis of very low concentrations of (i) Cr(VI) species in tap water and (ii) chlorinated poly-aromatics (chlorophenols) in plant extracts, both after chromatographic separation. The atomic absorption measurements were performed in an air–acetylene flame (Cr) and in a low-pressure microwave-induced plasma (chlorophenols). Received: 2 April 1998     

Flame Emission Spectrometry Using Atomic Absorption Apparatus (I) Determination of Sr In Sea Water

Flame emission determination of Sr in sea water is studied using an ordinary atomic absorption apparatus. The analytical line 4607 A is used with background correction at 4616 A. The ionization is found to be negligible in air acetylene flame with sea water, and the interference of H₂SO₄ is elimentated using the higher part of the flame.     

原子吸收光谱法测定重金属铬的含量

以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重金属铬含量为宗旨,考察了雾化器流量、乙炔流量、氧化剂流量、燃烧头高度、基本改进剂等因素,结果发现,通过实验条件优化,校正系数从0.998265提高到0.999998,该方法能最大程度改善火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铬元素灵敏度低的问题,具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,为与人类密切相关的食品、药品、化妆品、医疗器械等产品中重金属铬含量测定提供一定的参考。     

原子捕集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药中痕量镉

考察了火焰条件、捕集管与燃烧器和光束的距离、冷却水流量、捕集时间等实验条件对原子捕集 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镉的灵敏度的影响 ,实验优选出的最佳实验条件为 :乙炔流量 90L·h- 1 ,捕集管距离燃烧器缝口 5mm ,捕集管距离光束 2mm ,冷却水流量 1 5L·min- 1 ;采用 5 0ng·mL- 1 的镉标准溶液对吸光度与捕集时间的关系进行了考察 ,结果发现 ,在 0～ 6min的捕集时间内二者呈良好的线性关系。在最佳实验条件下 ,捕集时间为 2min时 ,镉的特征浓度为 1 8ng·mL- 1 ,检出限为 0 4 2ng·mL- 1 ,分别较常规火焰原子吸收光谱法的特征浓度和检出限改善了 16倍和 5倍 ,方法的精密度 (RSD)为 1 8%。利用所建立的原子捕集 火焰原子吸收光谱法 ,在最佳实验条件下 ,对人参、丹参、苦参和党参及其水煎液中的痕量镉进行了测定 ,样品的测定回收率在 89 5 %～ 10 4 %之间 ,结果令人满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定矿石中高含量的锌

在对已有的岩矿中锌含量的测试方法进行分析、研究、探讨的基础上,提出了选用锌的次灵敏线307.6nm,以空气/乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中高含量锌的方法,并进行了条件实验研究.采用本方法测定国家矿石铅锌矿标准物质中锌的含量,测定值与认定值相符,并且该方法的准确度和精密度均符合地质分析测试的要求.     

Recent highlights in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is an elemental analysis technique that has been employed for virtually all types of samples. Traditionally, hollow cathode lamps, line excitation sources, have been employed for excitation. However, in the past two decades, high resolution continuum source (HR CS) GFAAS has been shown to offer greater potential for multielemental analysis, greater flexibility in wavelength selection, the ability to determine molecules, and better characterization and correction for spectral backgrounds. The recent analytical literature is critically reviewed, including solubilization and preconcentration procedures. Solid and slurry sampling have been the focus of recent work; in particular, the enhanced capabilities of HR CS GFAAS provide green methodology with suitable sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. GFAAS has also been employed for elemental speciation, including characterization of forms using the atomization profiles.     

Absorption line profile recovery based on TDLS and MEMS micro-mirror for photoacoustic gas sensing

A novel and efficient absorption line recovery technique is presented. A micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror driven by an electrothermal actuator is used to generate laser intensity modulation through the mirror reflection. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) are used to recover the target absorption line profile which is compared with the theoretical Voigt profile. The target gas is 0.01% acetylene (C2H2) in a nitrogen host gas. The laser diode wavelength is swept across the P17 absorption line of acetylene at 1535.4 nm by a current ramp, and an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) is used to enhance the optical intensity and increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A SNR of about 35 is obtained with 100 mW laser power from the EDFA. Good agreement is achieved between the experimental results and the theoretical simulation for the P17 absorption line profile.     

Chemical shielding properties for BN,BP, AlN,and AlP nanocones: DFT studies

The properties of boron nitride (BN), boron phosphide (BP), aluminum nitride (AlN), and aluminum phosphide (AlP) nanocones were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The investigated structures were optimized and chemical shielding (CS) properties including isotropic and anisotropic CS parameters were calculated for the atoms of the optimized structures. The magnitudes of CS parameters were observed to be mainly dependent on the bond lengths of considered atoms. The results indicated that the atoms could be divided into atomic layers due to the similarities of their CS properties for the atoms of each layer. The trend means that the atoms of each layer detect almost similar electronic environments. Moreover, the atoms at the apex and mouth of nanocones exhibit different properties with respect to the other atomic layers.     

Synchronous electron-nuclear vibrations in a π-conjugated nanopoly(acetylene) chain

An unusual behavior was observed for the spontaneous Raman spectra in the range of the passband of trans-poly(acetylene) nanoparticles. The following phenomena are observed for the stretching carbon-carbon vibrations: large scattering cross section; high anti-Stokes-to-Stokes ratio; no correlation between the absorption spectra of trans-nanopoly(acetylene) and the Raman excitation spectrum. A qualitative model is proposed for synchronous weakly damping electron-nuclear vibrations in the ordered poly(acetylene) chain.