Long-distance fiber Bragg grating sensor system with a high optical signal-to-noise ratio based on a tunable fiber ring laser configuration

A novel tunable fiber ring laser configuration with a combination of bidirectional Raman amplification and dual erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplification is proposed for realizing high optical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), long-distance, quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing systems with large capacities and low cost. The hybrid Raman-EDF amplification configuration arranged in the ring laser can enhance the optical SNR of FBG sensor signals significantly owing to the good combination of the high gain of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and the low noise of the Raman amplification. Such a sensing system can support a large number of FBG sensors because of the use of a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter located within the ring laser and spatial division multiplexing for expansion of sensor channels. Experimental results show that an excellent optical SNR of approximately 60 dB has been achieved for a 50 km transmission distance with a low Raman pump power of approximately 170 mW at a wavelength of 1455 nm and a low EDFA pump power of approximately 40 mW at a wavelength of 980 nm, which is the highest optical SNR achieved so far for a 50 km long FBG sensor system, to our knowledge.     

Pressure sensing utilizing linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser

In this paper, we report a fiber laser pressure sensor based on linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser. The fiber laser structure comprises of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a circulator, an optical coupler and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) which acts simultaneously as a lasing wavelength selecting components as well as a pressure sensor. The FBG is fitted to the shock tube where the pressure is applied. The fiber laser pressure sensor has a low threshold power of 7 mW, an output power of 2.28 mW and an optical signal to noise ratio over 55 dB. The proposed fiber laser sensor is expected to be an attractive choice for long-distance pressure monitoring.     

基于二阶保偏光纤Sagnac环光纤激光器的振动检测研究

提出了一种可用于振动检测的新型光纤光栅传感技术. 用偏振控制器和高双折射保偏光纤构建成Sagnac环, 结合掺铒光纤、单模光纤和隔离器, 形成了单波长光纤激光器, 由粘有光纤Bragg光栅的悬臂梁作为传感探头, 并利用Sagnac环本身的线性边缘, 解调振动信号. 阐述了Sagnac环原理及其产生的边缘效应, 并进行了数值模拟计算, 对振动信号进行了检测实验, 检测系统从L₁到L₁+L₂之间对应的周期可调, 灵敏度高达38.2 μ W/nm, 线性度为0.9996, 动态范围在40–70 dB, 可满足振动传感检测的技术参数要求. 关键词： 光纤光学 振动检测 保偏光纤Sagnac环 光纤激光器     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

Hybrid erbium-doped fiber laser-pressure sensor utilizing ring cavity

This paper presents a hybrid erbium-doped fiber laser-pressure sensor system (HEDFL-PS) in a ring cavity configuration. The fiber laser sensor utilized an intracavity Bragg grating as pressure transducer and reflector. The HEDFL-PS can be used as a single wavelength high power laser or a high pressure sensor. The HEDFL-PS was tested using a shock tube facility and was able to measure up to 10 bar of static pressure. The sensor system shows solid linear response with sensitivity of 0.125 nm/bar and is stable over 30 min with negligible variation in output power and wavelength.     

Multi-point abnormal-temperature warning sensor system with?different thresholds

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a time-division-multiplexing-based (TDM-based) multi-point abnormal-temperature warning sensor system with different thresholds. A multi-channel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) serving as the wavelength selector is employed in the fiber ring laser to generate a multi-wavelength pulsed light source. The sensor array is composed of multiple uniform sensing FBGs at different positions and with different nominal wavelengths. The warning signal is obtained by only monitoring the time slot between the injected pulse and the reflected pulse. The measurement range and resolution are theoretically discussed and experimentally demonstrated.     

Low noise gain-clamped L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier by utilizing fiber Bragg grating

A novel gain-clamped long wavelength band (L-band) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is proposedand experimented by using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) at the input end of the amplifier. This designprovides a good gain clamping and decreases noise effectively. It uses two sections of erbium-doped fiber(EDF) pumped by a 1480-nm laser diode (LD) for higher efficiency and lower noise figure (NF). The gainis clamped at 23 dB with a variation of 0.5 dB from input signal power of -30 to -8 dBm for 1589 nm andNF below 5 dB is obtained. At the longer wavelength in L-band higher gain is also obtained and the gainis clamped at 16 dB for 1614 nm effectively. Because the FBG injects a portion of backward amplifiedspontaneous emission (ASE) back into the system, the gain enhances 5 dB with inputting small signal.     

Sensing system with Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer based on single FBG reflector

A sensing system,with Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer based on single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as the reflector,is demonstrated.The system used a frequency-matched ring fiber optical laser as the source.The closed Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer system will be helpful in simplifying the developed interferometric sensor by replacing the double reflectors with only one FBG reflecting the doubleside light.The basic sensing properties of the system are demonstrated,with a fiber optic piezoelectric ceramic transducer embedded in the arm of the interferometer simulating the sensing signal.     

基于掺铒光纤/喇曼混合放大的光纤激光器布喇格光栅传感系统

提出了一种提高长距离光纤布喇格光栅信噪比以进行准分布测量的新方法.该方法基于掺铒光纤/喇曼混合放大的光纤激光器结构,掺铒光纤和滤波器构成的环形结构产生激光作为光源,喇曼光纤放大器对布喇格光栅信号进行低噪音的双向放大,置于远处的掺铒光纤利用剩余的泵浦功率产生自发辐射光和放大传感信号,为远处掺铒光纤之后的布喇格光栅传感器提供信号光以及补偿由于长距离传输造成的光纤损耗.实验显示,与使用宽带光源的传感方式相比,系统的性能得到显著提高,仅使用小功率泵浦,分布在50 km光纤上的FBG均获得了超过58 dB的优良信噪比.     

基于光纤环形激光器和光放大的100 km光纤布拉格光栅传感系统

在基于掺铒光纤-拉曼混合放大的可调光纤环形激光器的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感系统结构基础上,提出了延长传感距离的新方法。该方法以环形掺铒光纤激光器作为光源,采用双波长拉曼放大的方法对信号进行低噪声的双向放大,系统中间的两段掺铒光纤再利用剩余的抽运功率产生自发辐射光和放大传感信号,使得整个系统能够在超长的传感距离上获得很高的信噪比。实验表明使用一只40 mW的掺铒光纤放大(EDFA)抽运源、一只170 mW的拉曼抽运源和一只2 W的拉曼抽运源,可以使整个系统的传感距离达到100km,并且传感系统的光纤布拉格光栅反射信号均能获得超过57 dB的优良信噪比,从而实现在超长距离上的光纤布拉格光栅传感。     

An intrinsic fiber ring laser based sensor with saturable absorber

A novel configuration of fiber ring laser acoustic sensor, which adopts single-mode fiber as sensing element, is proposed and demonstrated. Linewidth less than 1 kHz is achieved by introducing a segment of erbium-doped fiber in the reflecting arm as saturable absorber. A polarization independent unbalanced Michelson interrogation interferometer and phase generated carrier demodulation technique are adopted to recover signal. Experiments demonstrate that the phase sensitivity is 0.018 rad/nm in good linearity and equivalent minimum detect able length change reaches 19.1 pm.     

Quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor system based on a Fourier domain mode locking fiber laser

A novel quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system based on Fourier domain mode locking (FDML) fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. The low reflectivity FBGs with the same Bragg wavelength are connected cascaded in a long fiber working as the sensing elements of the sensor system as well as the wavelength and cavity length selecting elements of the FDML laser. By adjusting the driving frequency of the FDML fiber laser, lasing with different selected cavity lengths will be achieved correspondingly. When the wavelength of the working FBG shifts which includes the sensing information, FBG interrogation can be realized both in wavelength and time domain.     

双光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器相干失效研究

根据双光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)外腔半导体激光器相干失效的物理过程, 运用速率方程和双FBG耦合模理论, 分析了双FBG外腔半导体激光器相干失效产生和控制的条件, 提出了实现和控制双FBG外腔半导体激光器相干失效多模稳定工作的方法. 双FBG外腔半导体激光器在相干失效下具有多模的稳定工作状态, 相干失效长度缩短, 相干失效长度内光谱稳定. 实验测量结果表明, 外腔反射率为3%时, 从非相干失效状态到相干失效状态, 半峰值全宽度从0.5 nm突然展宽到0.9 nm. 在相干失效状态下, 功率稳定, 边模抑制比大于45 dB, 在0℃–70℃工作温度范围内峰值波长漂移小于0.5 nm, 最小相干失效长度小于0.5 m. 双FBG外腔半导体激光器相干失效的应用对提高光纤放大器和光纤激光器的性能具有重要意义. 关键词： 非线性 半导体激光器 双光纤Bragg光栅 相干失效     

基于两滤波器级联和饱和吸收体的单纵模双波长光纤激光器

提出和证实了一种光纤环形激光器. 将一个带通滤波器与一个带阻滤波器级联,用一段保偏掺铒光纤作为饱和吸收体,得到了一种单纵模双波长光纤激光器. 结果表明,该激光器波长间隔为0.4 nm,边模抑制比大于49 dB.如果将两个波长进行差拍,该激光器有潜力得到49.85 GHz的微波信号.     

Stable dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode ring erbium-doped fiber laser for optical generation of microwave frequency

We demonstrate a simple dual-wavelength ring erbium-doped fiber laser operating in single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) at room temperature. A pair of reflection type short-period fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), which have two different center wavelengths of 1545.072 and 1545.284 nm, are used as the wavelength-selective component of the laser. A segment of unpumped polarization maintaining erbium-doped fiber (PM-EDF) is acted as a narrow multiband filter. By turning the polarization controller (PC) to enhance the polarization hole burning (PHB), the single-wavelength and dual-wavelength laser oscillations are observed at 1545.072 and 1545.284 nm. The output power variation is less than 0.6 dB for both wavelengths over a five-minute period and the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) is greater than 50 dB. By beating the dual-wavelengths at a photodetector (PD), a microwave signal at 26.44 GHz is demonstrated.     

基于扫描光纤激光器的光纤传感解调仪研究

介绍了一种基于扫描光纤激光器的光纤传感解调系统.采用氰化氢（HCN）气体吸收池作为波长参考基准,采用三次多项式拟合的方法来确定光纤F- P可调谐滤波器的波长与驱动电压的对应关系,可调谐滤波器扫描过程中对扫描电压、多路光谱信号进行同步采样,实时标定.实验结果表明,该解调系统在1 510 nm到1 590 nm波长范围内对FBG反射峰值波长的分辨率为1.4 pm,长期波长重复性达到3.2 pm.利用该系统实现了对FBG反射峰值波长和光纤EFPI传感器腔长的高准确度解调.     

Temperature-insensitive strain sensor based on four-wave mixing using Raman fiber Bragg grating laser sensor with cooperative Rayleigh scattering

A temperature-insensitive strain sensor based on Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) using two Raman fiber Bragg grating (FBG) lasers with cooperative Rayleigh scattering is proposed. Two FBG were used to form two linear cavities laser sensors based on Raman amplification combined with cooperative Rayleigh scattering. Due to the very low dispersion coefficient of the fiber, it is possible to obtain the FWM using the two lasers. This configuration allows the operation as a temperature-insensitive strain sensor where both sensors have the same sensitivity to temperature but only one of the FBG laser is sensitive to strain. The difference between the wavelengths of the signal sensor and the converted signal presents a strain coefficient sensitivity of 2?pm/??? with insensitivity to temperature. The FWM efficiency is also dependent on the applied strain, but it is temperature independent, presenting a maximum sensibility of 0.01?dB/???.     

Photonic generation of a microwave signal by incorporating a delay interferometer and a saturable absorber

A novel approach to generate microwave signals is presented by employing a dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser. By using a delay interferometer as a comb filter cascaded with a tunable bandpass filter and a saturable absorber formed by an unpumped polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber, a stable wavelength-tunable dual-wavelength single longitudinal-mode laser is achieved. A microwave signal at 20.07 GHz with a linewidth of <25 kHz is demonstrated by beating the two wavelengths at a photodetector.     

光纤光栅传感器阵列有源时域地址查询技术

报道了一种基于环形腔光纤激光器和1×4模拟电子开关的具备实时监测功能的光纤光栅传感网络查询技术,利用级联的波分复用光栅串充当环形腔光纤激光器端镜,借助可调法布里珀罗滤波器对反射的信号光进行扫描,调整光路结构并增加抽运光强度使信号光得到足够的增益,则可获得各传感元工作波长的激光脉冲,且依时序输出。又引入1×4模拟电子开关,将转换为电信号的激光输出按时序分配至4个输出信道。结合非平衡扫描干涉解调技术,实现了对4光栅传感阵列的查询解调。1555 nm波长时系统传感灵敏度的实验值为1.630°/με,与理论值1.674°/με基本吻合。     

Erbium-doped fiber ring laser sensor for high temperature measurements based on a regenerated fiber Bragg grating

This article presents an erbium-doped fiber ring laser for high temperature measurement with high accuracy. The proposed laser sensor employs a regenerated fiber Bragg grating (RFBG) as a sensor element. Through thermal treatments, the RFBG with enhanced thermal resistance was obtained. The laser emission optical spectrum presents good performance with a high optical signal-to-noise ratio of 58dB. Experimental results demonstrate a wavelength sensitivity to the temperature is 15.5 pm/ºC with the temperature range from 300ºC to 900ºC, and the correlation coefficient is 0.999. The results prove it is able to provide potential applications in high temperature measurement.