平面全息光栅刻线密度的倍频式调整方法

刻线密度准确与否直接影响光栅色散及给定波长的衍射方向,进而影响光谱仪器结构设计.为了提高全息光栅刻线密度的制作精度,提出了平面全息光栅刻线密度的倍频式调整方法.将给定刻线密度的基准光栅放在干涉场曝光区域内,调节光束干涉角,干涉场曝光光束经基准光栅衍射后,根据调整光栅刻线密度的不同选择不同的衍射级次相互叠加形成莫尔条纹,...     

局域体全息光栅衍射的平面波与柱面波的波前转换研究

利用一维耦合波理论研究了入射方向相互垂直的一束平面波与一束柱面波干涉形成光折变局域体全息光栅的波前转换情况。给出了透射波和衍射波振幅的解析表达式。讨论了该局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸以及全息透镜的焦距对光栅衍射效率的影响。结果表明,随着光栅横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加。然而,光栅的衍射效率却随着光栅纵向尺寸的增加而减小。全息透镜的焦距越长,光栅的衍射效率也越大。此外,分析了光栅的布拉格选择特性,该光栅具有非常好的角度选择特性。在平面波与柱面波干涉形成全息透镜的设计中,为了获得最优的衍射效率,应当根据要求合理地选择记录所用柱面波和设计光栅的几何尺寸。     

双掺杂LiNbO3:Fe:Mn体全息光栅的时空衍射特性

通过联立求解两中心带输运物质方程和双光束耦合波方程 ,建立了研究双掺杂LiNbO3:Fe :Mn晶体采用双色光记录光折变体全息的时空特性的动力学模型 .数值计算表明 ,该动态体全息光栅的时空衍射特性与晶体中的折射率光栅相对于干涉场的空间相移有关 ,该空间相移的取值范围为 (-π ,π) ,当空间相移的符号发生变化时 ,双光束之间的能量耦合方向也相应地发生反转 .给出了晶体内的等相位线和光强的重新分布 .     

衍射光栅空间滤波成像方法实验研究

为了实现毫秒级分辨力光栅式角位移的测量,从光学角度出发,对光栅的设计、制作形成和空间滤波方法进行实验研究;依据马赫-曾德尔干涉法原理进行多光束全息光栅设计;同时对矩形光栅和制作的多光束干涉全息光栅进行相应的空间滤波成像处理;最后选取平行光和点光源两种光源进行检测,并利用面阵CCD和线阵CCD对光栅的衍射信息进行采集,分别从条纹质量、透过率函数和频谱三个方面对空间滤波成像处理前后的光栅进行检验。结果表明:空间滤波成像处理可以减少光栅中高次谐波的含量,明显改善光栅信号的质量;随着衍射光栅空间频率的增大,光栅的正弦性有效提高。     

软X射线双频光栅剪切干涉法研究

本文中设计了一种利用软X射线双频光栅作为剪切干涉元件的剪切系统, 使剪切干涉法在软X射线波段得到了应用. 介绍了软X射线双频光栅的结构及衍射特性, 在同步辐射光束线对双频光栅的效率分布进行了测试实验, 两个剪切级次的效率比值高于75%, 干扰级次效率低于5%. 利用软X射线双频光栅为剪切干涉光学元件, 对待测靶进行了静态检测, 得到了对比度高, 稳定的干涉条纹, 验证了该方法在软X射线等离子体密度诊断中的可行性. 关键词： 双频光栅 剪切干涉仪 软X射线 等离子体诊断     

双掺杂LiNbO3:Fe:Mn体全息光栅的时空衍射特性

通过联立求解两中心带输运物质方程和双光束耦合波方程，建立了研究双掺杂LiNbO_{3< /sub>:Fe:Mn晶体采用双色光记录光折变体全息的时空特性的动力学模型.数值计算表明，该动态体全息光栅的时空衍射特性与晶体中的折射率光栅相对于干涉场的空间相移有关，该空间相移的取值范围为(-π，π)，当空间相移的符号发生变化时，双光束之间的能量耦合方向也相应地发生反转.给出了晶体内的等相位线和光强的重新分布.}     

宽谱高分辨平场凹面全息光栅光谱仪设计

为了获得宽谱、高分辨的平场凹面全息光栅,将全息凹面光栅理论、遗传算法、衍射级次空间共用和同时消像差思想融合在一起,提出设计宽谱、高分辨平场凹面全息光栅的方法,给出了实际设计步骤。通过Zemax软件光线追迹仿真具体实例,给出了200～800nm波段的点列图变化曲线[均方根(RMS)约为11μm],以10μm×1mm狭缝入射,其光照度光谱图显示光谱分辨率在200～400nm波段为0.25nm,在400～800nm波段为0.5nm。该方法可以用于设计小型化、实用化的宽谱和高分辨平场凹面全息光栅光谱仪光学系统。     

利用马赫-曾德干涉光路制作二维全息光栅

全息光栅是一种重要的分光元件,而全息光栅的制作实验也是目前国内很多高校开设的一个综合性设计性实验。利用马赫-曾德干涉光路进行全息光栅的制作。通过改变全息记录光束的夹角以及旋转全息干板进行多次曝光的方式,制作了具有不同光栅常数的二维全息光栅结构。通过光栅衍射光斑,可以验证各种二维光栅结构的存在。     

三维光栅的演示实验

在衍射光栅教学中,一般只做一维光栅和二维光棚的演示实验。而对于三维光栅,一般只讲晶体的x射线衍射,而不做演示实验(主要因为x射线设备较贵)。 本文介绍一种简单的演示方法,即用激光干涉法拍摄三维光栅,在分光计上进行演示。 采用两平行激光束拍摄全息光栅,两光束的夹角为θ,其空间频率如下式所示:若激光波长λ的单位用毫米,则v的单位是条/毫米。当所拍摄的干涉条纹空间周期比全息干板的乳胶层厚度还小时,干涉条纹便显示出一定的深度分布,此时必须把它看成是三维光栅即体光栅。如用乳胶厚度为7μ的银盐全息干板拍摄全息光栅,当干涉条纹超…     

用一种矩阵计算方法分析体积全息光栅

本文在用于分析体积全息光栅衍射特性的法布里珀罗腔理论模型的基础上,利用矩阵法计算并分析了体积全息光栅的衍射特性.基于该理论模型的数值模拟结果与耦合波理论和以前的实验结果能较好地符合.     

Laser emission based on first order reflection by novel composite polymeric gratings

We have recently developed a novel composite photosensitive material allowing the holographic recording of diffraction gratings with high diffraction efficiency, transparency and spatial resolution. In the present work such material was used to produce a low cost and easy to make optically pumped, organic distributed feedback laser, working on the first diffraction order of a high quality grating doped with a photoluminescent dye. The experimental geometry incorporates two optical fibers which can be used to characterize the laser device in any development stage, collect emitted laser radiation, and offer an alternative way to pump the grating structure. The material properties and the used geometry allow the achievement of good performances in terms of energy threshold and linewidth. A comparison with holographic gratings made with holographic-polymer dispersed liquid crystals is reported to highlight the key role of the developed material.     

超短脉冲激光光束被局域体全息光栅衍射的性质分析

利用二维耦合波理论,分析了超短脉冲激光光束被完全重叠型的局域体全息光栅衍射的时空变化性质,给出了衍射和透射脉冲激光光束沿光栅出射边界的强度时空分布。以LiNbO3晶体为例,数值研究了衍射光脉冲强度沿光栅出射边界的分布和脉冲波形的变化及光栅的总衍射效率受光栅二维尺寸、入射角度、光栅折射率调制度及入射脉冲的脉冲时域半峰全宽等条件的影响而变化的情况。与一维体全息光栅对超短脉冲激光光束衍射的性质,及此光栅对连续光衍射的性质作比较,给出了合理选择光栅参量及入射条件以在光栅出射边界上得到总衍射效率较大且分布较均匀的衍射光脉冲的方法。     

Thermomechanical modification of diffraction gratings

The most accurate approaches to fabrication of diffraction gratings are known to be the lithographic and holographic methods. The lithographic methods allow fabrication of arbitrarily chirped gratings whose performance, however, is degraded by stitching errors. The holographic methods are free from stitching errors; however, they are limited in the achievable spatial variations of their grating periods. We suggest a method of diffraction grating modification by nonuniform heating and stretching that is much more flexible than the holographic approach and does not suffer from the problem of stitching error. We demonstrate our approach for quartz phase masks that have a characteristic grating period of 1 microm and a length of several centimeters. Our approach allows the grating periods of the phase masks to vary in a range from a few picometers to a few nanometers and a spatial resolution of a few millimeters. It is shown that the grating period can be modified with a negligible effect on the profile of the gratings.     

Diffraction study of volume holographic gratings in dispersive photorefractive material for femtosecond pulse readout

Based on the modified Kogelnik diffraction efficiency equation, the diffraction intensity spectrum and the total diffraction efficiency of volume gratings in photorefractive media are studied systematically. Taking photorefractive InP:Fe crystal as an example, the effect of the grating parameters and the pulse width on the diffraction properties are presented, in particular under the influence of crystal material dispersion. Under the combined effects, the diffraction pulse profiles and the total diffraction efficiency are shown. Also, the diffraction properties with and without crystal material dispersion are compared. These studies indicate that the properties of the diffraction beams can be controlled by the holographic grating parameters; this property can be used for pulse shaping applications.     

Focussing properties of a holographic plane diffraction grating

A plane holographic diffraction grating is the simplest grating, yet very important component for many optical devices. Very little has been done with regards to its focusing properties and stigmatic conditions. In this paper, we discuss a holographic plane diffraction grating and show that the grating can exhibit focusing properties under some conditions. We also discuss the conditions for zero astigmatism.     

Diffraction properties of ultrashort pulsed beams with arbitrary temporal profiles by a reflection volume holographic grating

The diffraction properties of reflection volume holographic gratings are studied when the gratings are illuminated by an ultrashort beam with arbitrary temporal profiles. The modified Kogelnik's theory of coupled waves is used. Simple analytical expressions for spectral and temporal distribution of the transmitted and diffracted are obtained. The dependences of the diffraction bandwidth, the Bragg selectivity bandwidth and the total diffraction efficiency of the reflection volume grating on the temporal profiles of the input ultrashort pulse are investigated. Study shows that the bandwidth of the reflection volume holographic gratings varies with the grating parameters more slowly than the transmitting volume holographic gratings. For three different temporal profiles, numerical results about diffraction properties of the reflection volume holographic gratings are given and compared with the transmitting volume holographic gratings.     

Diffraction properties of ultrashort pulsed beams with arbitrary temporal profiles by a volume holographic grating

In this paper, the diffraction properties of an ultrashort optical pulse with arbitrary profiles in time diffracted by a volume holographic grating are investigated using the modified Kogelnik coupled-wave theory. Simple analytical expressions for the spectrum and spatial profiles of the transmitted and diffracted beams are obtained. The dependences of the diffraction bandwidth, the Bragg selectivity bandwidth and the total diffraction efficiency of the volume grating on the temporal profiles of the input ultrashort pulse are investigated. For three different temporal profiles, numerical results of diffraction properties are given. It is shown that the temporal shapes of the input pulsed beams have been found to be an important factor in the analyses of the propagation characteristics.     

非均匀反射体全息光栅的数值研究

本文运用矩阵方法详细分析了非均匀反射式全息光栅衍射特性.把全息光栅内部的折射率调制分布看作是一种空间非均匀折射率调制分布,在此基础上进行了数值计算,详细分析了几个影响其衍射性质的因子.基于该方法的数值模拟结果与耦合波理论和以前的实验结果能较好地符合.     

大角带宽高衍射效率体全息光栅的设计和制备

高性能体全息光栅是全息波导的重要耦合元件,角带宽小、平均衍射效率不高是制约体全息光栅性能的重要因素。以不对称倾斜记录为出发点,设计并制备了大角带宽高衍射效率的体全息光栅。首先讨论在横电模式光和横磁模式光下体全息光栅的记录参数与其衍射效率的关系,找到平均衍射效率较高的记录参数范围,随后进一步分析在此范围内的记录参数与体全息光栅的角带宽的关系,从而确定获得大角带宽高衍射效率体全息光栅的最佳记录参数。实验结果表明:在参考光入射角度为25°、信号光入射角度为30°时,制备的体全息光栅的角带宽达到±14°,衍射效率为82%。     

金纳米颗粒掺杂光致聚合物的体全息混合光栅模型

金纳米颗粒掺杂光致聚合物在全息曝光过程中,光产物周期分布会形成折射率调制相位型主光栅,同时金纳米颗粒周期分布形成由局域表面等离子体共振引起强吸收的振幅型辅助光栅。研究基于耦合波理论的一种混合光栅模型,分析了光栅的体全息光学特性。结果表明,混合光栅中的折射率光栅和吸收光栅都能够提升体光栅的衍射效率; 体光栅的角度选择性也可以得到明显的改善。