拉曼延迟响应对时空不稳定性的影响

利用一个拓展的非线性薛定谔方程,研究了高强度超短脉冲光束在三阶非线性介质中传输时的时空调制不稳定现象。进一步考虑了时空聚焦、自陡峭和拉曼延迟响应等效应。通过采用线性化的方法,研究在均匀光强的背景下噪声的增长。发现介质的拉曼延迟响应对超短脉冲的时空调制不稳定有很明显的影响,使其在更广的范围出现,甚至在自散焦介质中的反常色散区域,也出现了时空不稳定现象。在此基础上,还对其时空不稳定性的一些特征进行了分析。     

23W peak power picosecond pulses from a single-stage all-semiconductor master oscillator power amplifier

Using a single-stage all-semiconductor master oscillator-power amplifier, we generate narrow-band laser pulses of 23?W peak power at 1063?nm wavelength. These pulses of 40?ps length FWHM have a variable repetition rate and pulse energies around 2?nJ, which exceeds previous realizations and makes them ideally suited for second harmonic generation. With a spectral filter, an extinction ratio above 36?dB could be achieved at nearly 10?W peak power. We use a novel spectral method to reliably determine pulse energies independently of the background level.     

Design of a continuously tunable delay line using vectorial modulational instability and chromatic dispersion in optical fibers

We design an all-optical tunable delay line based on both dispersive and wavelength conversion stages involving modulational instability of a two-frequency pump field propagating in a highly birefringent fiber. More precisely, we numerically show that, by varying the frequency separation between the two orthogonally polarized pump waves, we achieve a controllable and continuous delay of hundreds of picoseconds for signal pulse durations from picoseconds to nanoseconds, without pulse distortion and with only small peak power fluctuations. The proposed method does not require any tunable bandpass filter and can be applied to delay digital data streams at tens of Gbit/s depending on the pump power level.     

保偏光纤中相近频率传输区域的调制不稳定性

利用激光脉冲在光纤中传播时所遵守的相干非线性薛定谔耦合方程,研究了保偏光纤中两相近频率的线偏振光，其偏振方向相互正交且平行于光纤的双折射轴，且偏振方向沿两个双折射轴的分量强度相等时，在同为反常色散区和正常色散区所产生的调制不稳定性.结果表明在反常色散区和正常色散区都能产生调制不稳定性；在正常色散区存在不同的调制不稳定性功率区域，对应不同的功率区域，导致增益谱表现出明显的不同，并且当输入功率一定时，波长差(或频率差)的变化导致增益谱的变化. 关键词： 相近频率传输区域 双折射 保偏光纤 调制不稳定性     

压缩平稳重调脉冲的色散渐减光纤的设计

文章根据平稳重调脉冲(SRP)在梳状光纤(CPF)结构中的压缩原理,对色散渐减光纤(DDF)的色散特性进行设计,结果发现该色散渐减光纤的色散特性呈线性递减.对于平稳重调脉冲其压缩比与功率比等于光纤始末两端二阶色散系数的比值.当色散渐减光纤的斜率足够小时,无啁啾基阶孤子可以近似为平稳重调脉冲,当色散渐减光纤的色散斜率较大时,无啁啾基阶孤子不能近似为平稳重调脉冲.当基阶孤子带有与光纤色散斜率成正比的线性啁啾时,脉冲的压缩比与功率比更接近于光纤始末两端二阶色散系数的比值.说明带有线性啁啾的基阶孤子比不带啁啾的基阶孤子更接近于平稳重调脉冲. 关键词： 平稳重调脉冲(SRP) 梳状光纤(CPF) 色散渐减光纤(DDF) 色散递减表达式     

Modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation in a dual-wavelength dispersion-managed soliton fiber ring laser

We report on the observation of the modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation in a dual-wavelength operation dispersion-managed soliton fiber ring laser with net negative cavity dispersion. The passively mode-locked operation is achieved by using a nonlinear polarization rotation technique. A new type of dual-wavelength operation, where one is femtosecond pulse and the other is picosecond pulse operation, is obtained by properly rotating the polarization controllers. When the dual-wavelength pulses are simultaneously circulating in the laser ring cavity, a series of stable modulation sidebands appears in the picosecond pulse spectrum at longer wavelength with lower peak power due to modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation between the two lasing wavelengths. Moreover, the intensities and wavelength shifts of the modulation sidebands can be tuned by varying the power of the femtosecond pulse or the lasing central wavelengths of the dual-wavelength pulses. The theoretical analysis of the modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation in our fiber laser is also presented.     

基于SOA和NOLM的光脉冲放大与压缩的设计模型

设计了一种基于半导体光放大器(SOA)和非线性光学环镜(NOLM)的光脉冲放大与压缩的模型。数值研究结果表明:在NOLM中,当调节合适的控制脉冲的输入和初始时延时,具有较低峰值功率、宽度为几十皮秒的高斯信号脉冲经此模型放大压缩后,可以得到脉冲峰值增益高、脉冲宽度窄以及基本无基座的高质量超短信号光脉冲。     

局部高斯变迹布拉格光纤光栅中的调制不稳定性

利用激光脉冲在光纤光栅中传播时所遵守的相干耦合非线性薛定谔方程,研究了激光脉冲在局部高斯变迹布拉格光纤光栅中传输时,在反常色散区和正常色散区所产生的调制不稳定性。结果表明在反常色散区和正常色散区都能产生调制不稳定性;在反常色散区,当输入功率达到一定数值、传输距离一定时,当f=-1禁带之上能带底时,调制不稳定性增益的强度最强、宽度最窄;当远离能带底时强度减弱、宽度变宽;在正常色散区,在产生调制不稳定性功率区域,调制不稳定性存在并从给定值一直持续到无穷;并且,在反常色散区和在正常色散区,增益谱都受到局部高斯变迹函数的制约。     

Ionization focusing of a short intense laser pulse and generation of wake plasma waves

The propagation of a short intense laser pulse is studied in a gas taking into account the ionization of gas atoms by the high-frequency electromagnetic field of the pulse. The conditions are found under which the ionization structures produced by the laser pulse cause the pulse focusing accompanied by a substantial increase in its intensity. It is shown that the leading edge of the pulse is subjected to ionization refraction at the ionization front, the temporal profile of the pulse becoming steeper. This results in the efficient generation of a wake wave at the ionization front, which is amplified during the development of self-modulation instability. The amplitude of the wake plasma wave achieves a substantial value already at small paths of the pulse in matter (smaller than the diffraction length of the pulse).     

Nonlinear optical correction of the pulse shape from a directly modulated DFB laser

In this work, the effect of modulation instability (MI) in optical fiber is used to reshape nanosecond pulses form a directly modulated diode laser. Our configuration includes a fiber where MI causes the side lobes in the signal spectrum and a filter at the fiber output rejecting the side lobes. Simulations show abrupt drop of the transmission of the setup if pulse power is above some critical value. We investigated the transmission for fibers with lengths in the range between 62-m and 4.5-km. The critical power was found to be inversely proportional to the fiber length. An average scaled critical power is 2.16 W km. We demonstrated the application of the method for rejection of the transient peak in a directly modulated diode laser.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of complex patterns in a two-layer coupled reaction diffusion system

The resonance interaction between two modes is investigated using a two-layer coupled Brusselator model. When two different wavelength modes satisfy resonance conditions, new modes will appear, and a variety of superlattice patterns can be obtained in a short wavelength mode subsystem. We find that even though the wavenumbers of two Turing modes are fixed, the parameter changes have influences on wave intensity and pattern selection. When a hexagon pattern occurs in the short wavelength mode layer and a stripe pattern appears in the long wavelength mode layer, the Hopf instability may happen in a nonlinearly coupled model, and twinkling-eye hexagon and travelling hexagon patterns will be obtained. The symmetries of patterns resulting from the coupled modes may be different from those of their parents, such as the cluster hexagon pattern and square pattern. With the increase of perturbation and coupling intensity, the nonlinear system will convert between a static pattern and a dynamic pattern when the Turing instability and Hopf instability happen in the nonlinear system. Besides the wavenumber ratio and intensity ratio of the two different wavelength Turing modes, perturbation and coupling intensity play an important role in the pattern formation and selection. According to the simulation results, we find that two modes with different symmetries can also be in the spatial resonance under certain conditions, and complex patterns appear in the two-layer coupled reaction diffusion systems.     

脉冲离散效应对光纤中基于交叉相位调制的脉冲压缩的影响

通过数值模拟，分析了脉冲离散效应对单模光纤正群速色区基于暗孤子交叉不相位调制的脉冲压缩的影响，并提出了减轻这种影响的办法，作者发现，即使暗孤子与被压缩脉冲的中心波长相差很小，离散效应对脉冲压缩的影响也很大，离散效应不仅导致脉冲压缩比的减小和压缩后脉冲峰值功率的降低，而且还导致脉冲压缩所需最佳光纤长度的增加以及压缩后的脉冲呈现不对称性，还发现，若采取本文提出了的非同步耦合法，则可以明显地弥补离散效应     

Evolution of the correlation between orthogonal polarization patterns in broad-area lasers

We measure polarization-resolved instantaneous patterns in a large-aspect ratio quasi-isotropic Nd:YAG laser. High correlation between the instantaneous orthogonal polarization patterns recorded at the earlier stages of the laser pulse has been found due to the strong cross saturation between both polarization modes.     

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (WS_2 and MoS_2) Saturable Absorbers for Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers

We demonstrate an ultrafast fiber laser based on transition metal dichalcogenide materials which are tungsten disulfide(WS2) and molybdenum disulfide(MoS_2) as saturable absorber(SA). These materials are fabricated via a simple drop-casting method. By employing WS_2, we obtain a stable harmonic mode-locking at the threshold pump power of 184 mW, and the generated soliton pulse has 3.48 MHz of repetition rate. At the maximum pump power of 250 mW, we also obtain a small value of pulse duration, 2.43 ps with signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of 57 dB.For MoS_2 SA, the pulse is generated at 105 mW pump power with repetition rate of 1.16 MHz. However, the pulse duration cannot be detected by the autocorrelator device as the pulse duration recorded is 468 ns, with the SNR value of 35 dB.     

Tuning the shape anisotropy of silver nanoparticles using time-delayed laser pulse pair irradiations

Glass-embedded spherical silver nanoparticles were irradiated by pairs of delayed femtosecond laser pulses. The influence of intensity, relative polarization (parallel or orthogonal) and time delay between the pulses was investigated. We found a delay-dependent reversal of the orientation of prolate nanoparticles produced in the low-intensity regime: at very short time delays up to 10 ps between pulse pairs the polarization direction of the second-hitting pulse defines the particles’ symmetry axes; in an intermediate regime between 10 and 20 ps no optical dichroism is found at all; at more than 20 ps delay between the pulses, finally, the transformed nanoparticles are oriented along the polarization direction of the first-hitting pulse. Also, in the quite different situation of the high-intensity regime using parallel-polarized pulse pairs, where normally oblate particles are created, isotropic spectral changes (i.e., no dichroism) after irradiation were observed at delay times around 20 ps. The possible physical background of this apparently very special inter-pulse delay of around 20 ps is discussed.     

Kuznetsov–Ma soliton and Akhmediev breather of higher-order nonlinear Schrdinger equation

In terms of Darboux transformation, we have exactly solved the higher-order nonlinear Schrdinger equation that describes the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in optical fibers. We discuss the modulation instability(MI) process in detail and find that the higher-order term has no effect on the MI condition. Under different conditions, we obtain Kuznetsov–Ma soliton and Akhmediev breather solutions of higher-order nonlinear Schrdinger equation. The former describes the propagation of a bright pulse on a continuous wave background in the presence of higher-order effects and the soliton's peak position is shifted owing to the presence of a nonvanishing background, while the latter implies the modulation instability process that can be used in practice to produce a train of ultrashort optical soliton pulses.     

Cross-validation of theoretically quantified fiber continuum generation and absolute pulse measurement by MIIPS for a broadband coherently controlled optical source

The predicted spectral phase of a fiber continuum pulsed source rigorously quantified by the scalar generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation is found to be in excellent agreement with that measured by multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS) with background subtraction. This cross-validation confirms the absolute pulse measurement by MIIPS and the transform-limited compression of the fiber continuum pulses by the pulse shaper performing the MIIPS measurement, and permits the subsequent coherent control on the fiber continuum pulses by this pulse shaper. The combination of the fiber continuum source with the MIIPS-integrated pulse shaper produces compressed transform-limited 9.6 fs (FWHM) pulses or arbitrarily shaped pulses at a central wavelength of 1020 nm, an average power over 100 mW, and a repetition rate of 76 MHz. In comparison to the 229-fs pump laser pulses that generate the fiber continuum, the compressed pulses reflect a compression ratio of 24.     

A new look at the accelerating universe

We show that the cosmological model having zero cosmological constant, but containing the vacuum energy of a simple quantized free scalar field of low mass (VCDM model), agrees with the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) and supernova (SNe-Ia) data at least as well as the classical cosmological model with a small nonzero cosmological constant. We also show that in the VCDM model the ratio of vacuum pressure to vacuum energy density is less than -1. We display the VCDM results for a set of parameters that give a very good fit to the CMBR power spectrum, and show that the same parameters also give a good fit to the SNe-Ia data.     

基于小波变换的堆积啁啾光脉冲时频分析

以复Morlet函数作为小波母函数推导了2M路线性啁啾高斯脉冲堆积形成的整形脉冲的时间分辨能量谱密度解析表达式。通过小波变换获得了堆积啁啾脉冲功率和瞬时波长随时间的分布; 堆积啁啾高斯脉冲功率随时间呈现振荡变化, 瞬时波长在功率接近零的极小值点发生跳变; 啁啾的增大会加剧功率的时域振荡和瞬时波长的跳变; 瞬时波长的跳变仅发生在功率接近零的极小值附近, 脉冲的能量仍然主要集中在由基元脉冲啁啾决定的波长范围内。同时, 研究表明脉冲重叠因子的微小变化会极大地影响整形脉冲峰值功率与等效平均功率之比和包络平坦度, 且两者不能同时达到最佳, 需折衷选取。