Zn掺杂n型笼合物Ba8Ga16-2xZnxGe30+x的热电传输特性

用高温熔融结合放电等离子烧结法制备了Zn掺杂单相n型Ba8Ga16-2xZnxGe30 x笼合物,探索了Zn对Ga的取代对其热电传输特性的影响规律.研究结果表明,n型Ba8Ga16-2xZnxGe30 x化合物的电导率随着x的增加逐渐增大,Seebeck系数随着x的增加而逐渐减小.当Zn完全取代Ga时,Ba8Zn8Ge38化合物的电导率反而急剧下降,Seebeck系数显著增大.Ba8Ga16-2xZnxGe30 x化合物的载流子迁移率随着温度的升高而降低,当Zn掺杂后,化合物的载流子迁移率有一定的增加,随着x的增加而逐渐增大.Ba8Ga16-2xZnxGe30 x化合物的热导率和晶格热导率变化规律类似,随着x的增加先减小后增大.在所有n型Ba8Ga16-2xZnxGe30 x笼合物中,Ba8Ga8Zn4Ge34化合物的ZT值最大,在1000 K时其最大ZT值达0.85.     

Cd掺杂p型Ge基Ba8Ga16CdxGe30-x Ⅰ型笼合物的结构及热电特性

以Cd作为掺杂元素,用熔融法结合放电等离子体烧结(SPS)技术制备了具有不同Cd含量的Ba8Ga16CdxGe30-x(x=0.95,1.00,1.05,1.10) Ⅰ型笼合物,研究了Cd掺杂对其结构及热电性能的影响.Rietveld结构解析表明所制备的Ba8Ga16CdxGe30-x化合物为空间群pm3n的Ⅰ型笼合物,Cd原子主要占据在框架6c和16i位置上且具有较大的原子位移参数(ADP).所有样品均表现为p型传导,样品的载流子散射机制由低温的杂质电离散射为主逐渐过渡到高温的声学波散射为主.随Cd掺杂量的增加,对应化合物电导率逐渐增加,Seebeck系数逐渐降低.由于Cd原子较大的ADP,从而导致较低的晶格热导率,在室温附近,Ba8Ga16Cd1.10Ge28.90化合物的晶格热导率与Ba8Ga16Ge30化合物相比约降低38%.Ba8Ga16Cd1.00Ge29.00化合物的最大ZT值在600 K时为0.173.     

Ⅰ型锗基笼合物Ba8Ga16-xSbxGe30的合成及热电性能

用高温熔融结合放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法合成了Sb掺杂的单相n型Ba8Ga16-xSbxGe30化合物,探索了Sb对Ga的取代对其热电性能的影响规律.研究结果表明随着Sb取代分数x的增加,Seebeck系数逐渐降低,Seebeck系数峰值对应的温度向低温方向偏移.电导率随着x的增加先增大后减小,当x=2时达到最大值.Sb取代Ga后对化合物的热性能有较大影响,其热导率和晶格热导率都有不同程度的降低.在所有n型Ba8Ga16-xSbxGe30化合物中,Ba8Ga14Sb2Ge30化合物的ZT值最大,在950 K左右其最大ZT值达1.1.     

I型锗基笼合物Ba8Ga16-xSbxGe30的合成及热电性能

用高温熔融结合放电等离子烧结（SPS）方法合成了Sb掺杂的单相n型Ba8Ga16-xSbxGe30化合物，探索了Sb对Ga的取代对其热电性能的影响规律．研究结果表明：随着Sb取代分数x的增加，Seebeck系数逐渐降低，Seebeck系数峰值对应的温度向低温方向偏移．电导率随着x的增加先增大后减小，当x=2时达到最大值．Sb取代Ga后对化合物的热性能有较大影响，其热导率和晶格热导率都有不同程度的降低．在所有n型Ba8Ga16-xSbxGe30化合物中，Ba8Ga14Sb2Ge30化合物的ZT值最大，在950K左右其最大ZY值达1．1．     

熔体旋甩工艺对Zn掺杂Ⅰ-型Ba8Ga12Zn2Ge32笼合物微结构及热电性能的影响

采用新颖的熔体旋甩(MS)结合放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了单相Zn掺杂的I-型Ba8Ga12Zn2Ge32笼合物,研究了熔体旋甩工艺对其微结构以及热电性能的影响.结果表明,MS得到的薄带自由面主要由300 nm-1 μm的小立方体单晶组成,薄带经SPS烧结后得到了具有大量层状精细结构的致密块体.与熔融+SPS工艺制备的试样相比,熔融+MS+SPS制备的Ba8Ga12Zn2Ge3笼合物室温载流子浓度增加而迁移率降低,在测试温度范围内,试样的电导率略有下降,Seebeck系数增加,热导率和晶格热导率显著降低,900 K时其晶格热导率从1.06 W/mK降低至0.42W/mK.熔融+MS+SPS制备的Ba8Ca12Zn2Ge32笼合物试样在900 K时其最大ZT值达到0.90,与熔融+SPS试样相比提高了75%.     

Ge掺杂n型Sn基VIII型单晶笼合物的制备及热电传输特性

采用Sn自熔剂法制备了具有n型传导的VIII型Ba8Ga16 xGexSn30(0 x 1.0)单晶笼合物,并对其结构和热电特性进行研究.研究结果表明:Ge在单晶中的实际含量较少,随着掺杂量的增加样品的晶格常数略有减小,Ge掺杂后样品的载流子浓度较掺杂前低,迁移率增加;所有样品的Seebeck系数均为负值,且绝对值较未掺杂样品低,但Ge掺杂后样品的电导率提高了62%;x=0.5的样品在500 K附近取得最大ZT值1.25.     

Yb/Sr双原子复合填充的Ⅰ-型Yb_x Sr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30)笼合物的合成及热电性能

用熔融法结合放电等离子烧结(SPS)合成了Yb/Sr双原子复合填充的n型Yb_x Sr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30)(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5)笼合物,研究了双原子复合填充及Yb填充量x对Yb_x Sr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30)笼合物热电传输特性的影响规律.结果表明,Yb在Yb_x Sr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30)化合物中的固溶极限介于1.0-1.5之间.随着Yb填充量x的增加,化合物的室温载流子浓度增加而迁移率降低.在300-800 K温度范围内,随着x的增加,双原子填充试样的电导率逐渐增大,Seebeck系数逐渐减小,其中x=0.5的试样与单原子填充的Sr_8Ga_(16)Ge_(30)试样相比,电导率变化不大,Seebeck系数显著增加.Yb/Sr双原子复合填充比Sr单原子填充更有利于晶格热导率的降低,且晶格热导率随着Yb填充量x的增加逐渐降低.在所有n型Yb_x Sr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30)化合物中Yb_(1.0) Sr_(7.0)Ga_(16)Ge_(30)化合物的ZT值最大,在800 K时其最大ZT值达0.81,与单原子填充的Sr_8Ga_(16)Ge_(30)化合物相比ZT值提高了35%.

Abstract：

n-type Yb/Sr double-atom-filled Yb_xSr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30) (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) elathrates have been synthesized by combining melting reaction with the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The effects of double-atom fining on thermoelectric properties have been investigated. The results show that the solubility limit of Yb in the Sr-Ga-Ge system is between 1.0 and 1.5 when it is expressed by the formula of Yb_xSr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30). With increasing Yb content x, the room-temperature carrier concentration of the Yb_xSr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30) samples increases, while the room-temperature carrier mobility decreases. For the double-atom-filled samples, the electrical conductivity raises with increasing x, while the Seebeck coefficient reduces, and in which the x = 0.5 sample has a comparable electrical conductivity and a remarkably higher $eebeck coefficient compared with the single-atom-filled Sr_8Ga_(16)Ge_(30) sample in the temperature range of 300-800 K. The double-atom filling of Yb/Sr has significant influence on the lattice thermal conductivity of the Yb_xSr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30) samples and the lattice thermal conductivity decreases gradually with increasing x. Of all the Yb_xSr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30) samples, the maximum dimensionless figure of merit ZT of 0.81 is obtained at 800 K for the Yb_(1.0)Sr_(7.0)Ga_(16)Ge_(30) sample. Compared with that of single-atom-filled Sr_(8-x)Ga_(16)Ge_(30) sample, it is 35% higher at the same temperature.     

Mg掺杂n型Sn基VIII型单晶笼合物的结构及电传输特性

本文采用Sn自熔剂法,制备Mg掺杂Sn基单晶笼合物Ba8Ga16-XMgXSn30(0 X 1.5),并对其结构及电传输性能进行研究.结果表明所制备化合物为具有空间群Iˉ43m的VIII型单晶笼合物,随Mg掺杂量的增加,对应化合物的熔点略有升高,晶格常数减小,掺杂样品中填充原子Ba的实际含量低于理想值8.0,其在十二面体空洞中的占有率约为0.93(Mg的名义含量X=1.5时).所有样品均表现为n型传导,Mg的掺入对材料的能带结构有一定影响,Mg掺杂后,样品的载流子浓度降低,Seebeck系数的绝对值、电阻率增加,Mg的名义含量X=1.5时,样品的功率因子在430 K附近取得最大值1.26×10-3W·m-1·K-2.     

Zn掺杂p型Ba8Ga16ZnxGe30－x笼合物的合成及热电性能

用熔融法结合放电等离子烧结方法合成了Zn掺杂单相p型Ge基Ⅰ型笼合物Ba₈Ga₁₆Zn_xGe_30-x(x=3, 4, 5, 6)，探索Zn取代Ge对其热电性能的影响规律，结果表明：所制备的Ba₈Ga₁₆Zn_xGe_30-x化合物为p型传导，随Zn取代量x关键词： p型笼合物 合成 热电性能     

Ba8Ga16Si30与Sr8Ga16Ge30电子特性和热性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论和平面波赝势技术的CASTEP程序计算了笼状化合物Ba8Ga16Si30与Sr8Ga16Ge30的电子结构,并以此为基础进一步研究了它们的热性质。态密度和布居分析显示,Ba8Ga16Si30中笼上原子间成键趋于共价性,Sr8Ga16Ge30中笼上原子间成键趋于离子性,可以认为Ba8Ga16Si30的稳定性比Sr8Ga16Ge30强。带结构显示Ba8Ga16Si30与Sr8Ga16Ge30均为金属。热性质研究中提出一个新的模型,模型中认为Ba8Ga16Si30的笼内Ba原子和笼上Ga原子做爱因斯坦振荡,笼上Si原子做德拜运动,这种模型能够更好地描述Ba8Ga16Si30的热导。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.