帘幕式CMOS全局曝光成像技术

为了消除面阵CMOS航空相机高速成像时帘幕快门效应对成像质量的影响,分析了CMOS成像原理,开展了基于高速中心式机械快门与面阵CMOS图像传感器协同工作的全局曝光成像模式研究.建立了该成像模式下的航空高分辨率成像系统的信噪比模型与前向像移模型,并基于信噪比模型与前向像移模型论证存在合理的曝光时间参数.设计了体积小、质量轻、电驱动、曝光时间可准确控制的高速中心式机械快门,最短曝光时间可达1/2 000s,快门效率最高达80%.对采用自主研发的国产CMOS图像传感器的航空摄影相机参数进行验证计算,并进行直升机载人带飞拍摄实验.影像结果表明:该成像模式曝光时间参数论证正确,影像无拉伸、扭曲及拖尾现象,相机动态传递函数为0.21(奈奎斯特截止频率处),能够满足实际应用需求.     

机械快门滤光片式多光谱成像仪相对定标方法研究

大面阵滤光片阵列多光谱成像仪采用了全帧转移大面阵探测器,并利用机械快门保证采集数据时不发生拖尾现象,但由于机械快门开合时间的不稳定性,使多光谱成像仪数据出现区域间的亮度不均匀,而且还会造成彩色图像偏色条带。故提出了一种基于目标辐射一致性的相对辐射定标方法,利用图像重叠部分的辐射特性,计算光谱图像的辐射矫正因子,对拼接图像的非均匀性进行矫正。并利用差分评价矫正效果。最后对多光谱相机采集的外场实验数据进行处理和矫正,结果表明,该方法可以很好的矫正单色拼接图像区域间的非均匀性,并可以消除彩色合成图像中的偏色条带;适用于有重叠部分的图像拼接,并且对于拼接误差不敏感。     

全帧型CCD数码相机曝光时间的精确控制

提出一种全帧型CCD数码相机曝光控制方案.在测量机械快门机械延时的基础上,控制CCD触发脉冲TRG和机械快门的控制时序,使得带电子快门的CCD相机,在机械快门的配合下,CCD的感光区都能按各种设计要求的曝光时间精确曝光,从而有效的提高了照片的分辨率.该方法设计简单,不需要额外的硬件电路,可以广泛应用于带机械快门的CCD数码相机曝光时间的精确控制中.     

航空相机镜间快门对像移的影响分析（英文）

为了提高航空遥感相机的摄影分辨率,获得高分辨率的航空图像,除了采用具有高传递函数的光学系统和高质量成像介质外,还要正确控制快门的曝光时间,以保证探测器能够获得合适的像移量。本文基于一种航空测绘相机镜间快门的结构形式及工作原理,以笛卡尔理论为基础,通过坐标变换方法,建立地面目标和影像之间的矩阵关系,从而确定快门曝光时间和像移量的关系,接着,结合相机速高比、像元尺寸等参数,对像移量及像移残差进行分析。根据相机的不同安装方式,以像移残差为1/3像元尺寸为标准,判定成像系统是否加入像移补偿机构,为相机设计提供理论依据。通过静态测试及飞行试验对分析进行验证。试验结果表明,相机分辨力达到36.8 lp/mm,航拍图像良好,满足指标要求。     

八通道并行多光谱成像仪的辐射定标

为了对八通道并行多光谱成像仪进行准确的辐射定标,介绍了多光谱成像仪的工作原理,分析了相机的辐射响应模型,根据八个通道以及窄带滤光片的光谱响应特性及实际应用要求,提出取每个相机的G通道输出作为定标通道。根据不同色温下积分球输出的光谱辐亮度和相机的曝光时间,测量并拟合出相应的八通道相机辐射特性曲线。实验结果表明该方法可以准确地得到被测目标的绝对光谱辐射亮度曲线,满足海洋表面多光谱数据的测量要求。     

数字锁相弹道相机旋转快门相位控制器的优化设计

分析了弹道相机系统的构成,并对弹道相机的最主要部分——旋转快门相位控制器工作原理进行剖析.鉴于闭环锁相控制捕获速度及同步准确对目标的摄取及后续交汇处理准确均有较显著影响,在具体分析弹道相机各种工作状态和控制信号关系的基础上,设计了一种基于数字锁相技术的弹道相机旋转快门相位控制器,并对驱动频率及相位差调整等关键技术难点进行建模分析,论证了该设计方案的可行性及优越性.实验结果表明,采用该设计方案可显著提高相机旋转快门的同步准确,使得相机交汇处理数据具有更好的平滑性和一致性.     

基于滤光片阵列分光的无人机载多光谱相机研制

介绍一款适用于轻小型无人机的多光谱相机。将多个独立的滤光片依次拼接成滤光片阵列在成像探测器前放置由多个滤光片依次排列而成的滤光片阵列,一次曝光得到地物目标分条带区域的分波段图像,通过飞行平台的前向运动获得每个条带区域的多光谱图像。利用平台的前向运动代替了旋转、扫描等机械运动,减轻了相机重量和体积,适用于轻小型无人机平台,由于采用较大的探测器件,能够获得更多的旁向像素数(约4300)和更宽的旁向幅宽。利用研制的多光谱相机,在中国科学院怀来遥感站进行了无人机飞行试验,获取了站区周边的6波段多光谱图像。数据处理结果表明该相机的数据质量能够满足植被指数计算等相关要求。     

新型航空镜间快门对光学传递函数的影响分析

光学传递函数是评价光学系统成像质量的重要指标。基于为数字航空摄影相机设计的一种新型航空镜间快门的工作特性,镜间快门在控制曝光过程中改变了相机光学系统的光瞳形状,意味着点扩展函数的改变,从而改变了光学系统的传递函数。将光学系统视为一个空间频率的滤波器,以傅里叶积分变换和光的标量衍射理论为基础,将孔径光阑的变化过程与光瞳函数建立关系,应用二次傅里叶变换法得到光学传递函数,分析快门在工作周期内对光学传递函数的影响。通过对计算结果与测量结果的对比分析可知,传递函数的最大绝对误差为0.196,最大相对误差为-0.274,有较好的准确度和重复性,并且缩小镜间快门开始和关闭阶段所用时间占整个曝光时间的比例,可以提高系统的综合传递函数,为中心快门的优化设计提供理论依据。     

一种全帧型CCD航空相机像移补偿方法

提出一种全帧型CCD航空相机像移补偿的实现方法.应用全帧型CCD在机械快门不关闭的情况下连续曝光的特点,并根据不同的速高比控制暂停脉冲的个数和宽度,控制了CCD垂直转移的速度,使CCD在曝光的同时进行转移和读出,实现了全帧型CCD航空数码相机航向方向的像移补偿.实验数据表明：该方法能够实现全帧型CCD像移补偿的功能.     

基于探测信号叠加的推扫式压缩多光谱关联成像

针对推扫模式下多光谱关联成像重构图像模糊、信噪比低问题,提出了一种利用探测信号叠加提高重构图像信噪比的多光谱关联成像方案.该方案基于稀疏约束关联成像光谱相机实验系统,通过单次曝光获得一帧探测信号,对前后帧连续探测信号进行错位叠加,计算出系统总探测矩阵,结合标定测量矩阵,采用压缩感知算法得到待测目标物体重构图像.数值模拟和实验结果表明:适当延迟曝光时间可以提高系统重构图像质量;相同曝光时间条件下,利用探测信号错位叠加的推扫10帧重构图像信噪比明显高于单帧多光谱重构图像.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.