Parameter Optimizing Experiment for Laser Shock-procesing on Anti-fatigue and-Fracture Property of Metal

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SiO_2/TiO_2复合薄膜的制备及其可见光透过率

采用溶胶凝胶法在载波片上制备了SiO2/TiO2复合薄膜。研究了TiO2含量、热处理温度、热处理时间、薄膜层数及溶胶陈化时间对其可见光透过率的影响。结果表明:复合薄膜的可见光透过率随TiO2含量的增加而降低;当TiO2含量为20%时,薄膜会出现"变白"现象;当热处理温度为80℃时,透过率最高;当TiO2含量为30%时,溶胶陈化时间为3天,镀膜两次,80℃/3h热处理所得到的薄膜透过率可达到基体的100%,耐磨性良好。初步检测显示,该薄膜具有一定的光催化活性。     

基于背景特征参数的激光雷达目标检测

激光雷达的弱小目标检测是激光雷达的关键技术, 其主要研究难点之一是在低信噪比下, 可用于区分目标与背景噪声的特征少。研究的对象是激光雷达的远距离目标回波, 主要指空中飞机目标。根据试验得到的数据, 发现目标点在背景中往往是一些孤立的点, 与背景的相关性较小。而背景中的任一点与前后背景点相关性较强, 可以用周围的点进行线形或非线性表示。为解决低信噪比下激光雷达的目标检测问题, 提出了基于背景特征参数的目标检测算法。运用高阶统计量作为背景特征值对杂波数据进行处理。在一个小区域内, 背景的高阶统计量不会有很大的起伏, 而目标在它所在的区域内具有相对突出的变化。信噪比得以提高, 然后通过恒虚警检测和多帧相关检测, 获取真正的目标。试验结果表明该方法非常有效, 实时性强, 具有较高的实用价值。     

相位光栅型波前曲率传感器

研制了一套相位光栅型波前曲率传感器。实验结果表明,相位型散焦光栅能消除零级衍射光的干扰,正负一级衍射光的衍射效率达到49%。用相差板引进波前畸变,进行了波前测量实验。用格林函数算法进行了波前恢复,并和Veeco检测结果进行了比较。制备的光栅型波前曲率传感器测量结果正确,峰谷值存在10%的误差,均方根值存在2%的误差。     

基于Roujean和Ross-Li模型算法的不同户外光照南疆冬枣BRDF特性研究

不同光照下,如何消除或减小反演数据差异,提高检测精度,是目前南疆冬枣户外检测中遇到的一大难题,因此通过用高光谱相机获得的南疆冬枣二向反射分布函数（BRDF）测量值,采用最小二乘法拟合Roujean模型和Ross-Li模型的参数,最后对比Roujean模型和Ross-Li模型反演的结果,提出何种天气何段波长用何种模型反演效果最好的建议,实验结果表明：（1）多云天气,反演南疆冬枣线偏振度（Dolp）时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.974 8,Roujean模型的R2是0.969 9;反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.972 3,Roujean模型的R2是0.974 9。阴天反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.965 1,Roujean模型的R2是0.977 8;反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.942 0,Roujean模型的R2是0.968 8。晴天反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.965 5,Roujean模型的R2是0.926 2;反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.928 5,Roujean模型的R2是0.833 1。整体反演的最佳方案是多云天气下的南疆冬枣Dolp用Ross-Li模型反演,强度分量用Roujean模型反演;晴天南疆冬枣Dolp和强度分量均用Ross-Li模型反演;阴天南疆冬枣Dolp和强度分量均用Roujean模型反演。（2）多波段反演的最佳方案是：多云天气下,反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,波长为1 000~1 100 nm范围,需用Ross-Li模型,波长为1 450~1 600 nm范围,需用Roujean模型,其余波段处两种模型均可;反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,在波长为1 300 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型,其余波段处两种模型均可。阴天反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,在1 000~1 350 nm范围,需用Roujean模型,在1 600 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型,其余波段处两种模型均可;反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,在1 000~1 350 nm范围,需用Roujean模型,在1 600 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型。晴天反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,波长为1 000~1 350和1 600 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型,其余波段处则无特殊要求;反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,在1 000 nm附近,需用Roujean模型,在1 600 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型。探索出消除或减小反演数据差异的方法,为南疆冬枣户外检测提高精度奠定基础。     

人眼光焦度客观式测量的图像采集处理研究

描述了人眼光焦度的测量原理。设计了一套光焦度测量采集处理系统。该系统是以一束红外脉冲光射入眼底 ,由CCD接受反射的眼底图像 ,将CCD图像进行数字化处理并存入SRAM。CPU采用重心法计算图像环中心坐标 ,以扫描法计算图像环的长、短轴 ,最后计算出人眼的光焦度值。研究结果表明 ,光焦度测量采集处理系统工作可靠、实用 ,能准确地测量人眼光焦度值     

折射/衍射混合红外双焦光学系统设计

利用二元光学元件消色差和对波面进行任意整形的特点，将二元衍射面应用于红外双焦光学系统中，对变焦方程的解进行了分析，给出了具体的系统设计实例.设计结果表明，在仅使用4片锗透镜的情况下，系统焦距为80 mm，F数为0.8时，系统垂轴像差小于72μm，在10lp/mm时光学传递函数大于0.8；系统焦距为160mm，F数为1.6时，系统垂轴像差小于35μm，在10lp/mm时光学传递函数大于0.7. 关键词： 红外变焦光学系统 折射/衍射混合透镜 光学设计     

Quantum anti-Zeno effect by false measurements

We have investigated how the decay dynamics of an unstable quantum system is affected by a false measurement, where the decay is monitored by detecting a decay product but the active energy band of the detector does not match the energy of the decay product. It is shown that, although such a measurement is ineffective and has almost no effect if the detector response is slow, the detectability of decay is increased and the decay is accelerated considerably if the response is fast. This is due to the new decay channel, which is generated as a counteraction of measurement.     

一种可见光成像的目标检测跟踪方法

在末制导成像阶段目标占据视场的大部分面积,形状信息丰富,这时对目标体上某一固定点的稳定跟踪成为最主要的需求。针对图像灰度过于集中目标难于提取的问题,在图像预处理阶段提出了依据概率统计的图像灰度均衡的方法;为解决图像边角点的快速检测问题,提出了图像二维投影和滑动卷积相结合的方法;最终为实现快速稳定的跟踪,提出了依据角点匹配的形心跟踪方法。根据此算法的特点研制了FPGA+DSP的硬件平台,充分利用FPGA的并行流水特性和DSP的逻辑运算特点,能快速检测到目标形心和进行稳定地跟踪,验证了方法的有效性和实用性。此方法应用在某课题上,跟踪效果良好,为试验的圆满成功提供了保障。     

The diffusivity factor re-examined

The issue of the optimum diffusivity factor for use in atmospheric heating calculations is re-examined in detail. It is shown that the value of this factor depends on the method by which the heating is calculated. In one method, the flux is assumed equal to π times the specific intensity I, and the heating is obtained by differentiating the flux. In another method, the mean intensity J is assumed equal to I and the heating is obtained by the explicitly subtracting the total emission from the total absorption. When the first method is used, a diffusivity factor of 1.81 is demonstrated to be the preferred choice in heating calculations. When the second, intensity-based method is used, the best choice is 2.07. While the traditionally used value of 1.66 is not substantially inferior to the above choices, it is clearly not optimal.     

L波段端面发射高效率磁绝缘线振荡器

 建立了磁绝缘线振荡器自磁绝缘的理论模型,给出了磁绝缘电流计算公式。然后给出了非线性稳态的最大轮辐电流计算公式,并据此分析了负载限制型磁绝缘线振荡器的最大效率。提出一种新型的端面发射型磁绝缘线振荡器,在二极管电压590 kV,二极管电流为55.47 kA情况下,粒子模拟得到周期平均功率6.1 GW左右,工作主频为1.24 GHz,束波转换效率18.64%左右。端面发射型磁绝缘线振荡器的效率比负载限制型磁绝缘线振荡器的最大效率提高6%左右。端面发射的电流不参与束波互作用,由于端面发射的电流比较小,在总电流不变的情况下参与束波互作用的电流增多,从而提高了效率。最后分析了角向磁场的分布以及自磁绝缘的情况。     

中心螺管模型线圈交流损耗计算及测试

中心螺管模型线圈选用 Nb Ti/ Cu复合超导材料 ,超导股线直径 0 .85 m m,Cu截面积与 Nb Ti截面积比为 1.38;经过 4级绞缆和成型 ,导体尺寸为 17.4 mm× 17.4 m m,中心冷却孔直径 4 .1m m。线圈用超临界氦冷却 ,流体进口温度为 3.8- 4 .2 K,压力 6 bar,每个流道流量 2 .2 g/ s。用量热法对中心螺管模型线圈进行了交流损耗测试并与计算值相比较 ,3次交流损耗电流分别是 :30 0 A/ s速度励磁和放电 ,最大电流 5 k A ,交流损耗测量值为每脉冲 78.3J;30 0 A / s速度励磁和放电 ,最大电流 7k A ,交流损耗测量值为每脉冲 14 0 .7J;4 0 0 A/ s速度励磁和放电 ,最大电流 7k A,交流损耗测量值为每脉冲14 5 .4 J;计算值分别为每脉冲 98J,1385 J,14 2 J;两者较好相符。     

σ-电子受体试剂与硫酸阿托品的电荷转移反应及应用研究

本文研究了硫酸阿托品与I2 在氯仿溶液中的荷移反应并探讨其反应机理 ,指出I2 为电子受体 ,硫酸阿托品为电子给体 ,经试验知形成 1∶1的复合物。其λmax=2 80nm ,表观摩尔系数为 2 6 6× 10 4L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 ,确定了用此原理测定硫酸阿托品的方法及最佳条件 ,比尔定律线性范围 0～ 35 μg·mL- 1 ,本法测定简便、快捷、选择性强     

重复频率强流电子束的产生和传输实验研究

 电子束真空二极管重复频率运行时,它将表现出与单次运行时不同的特点。在电子束产生过程中,屏蔽半径应尽可能地小,且击穿延时时间较短,故选择石墨作为阴极材料。实验结果表明：在重复频率运行时,当环型阴极环厚较薄时,阴极的发射电流密度较大,因此对阴极的加热效应也加强,等离子体的膨胀速度加快,从而使得二极管阻抗减小,最后几次输出的电子束的电流较大,而电压减小;当重复频率较高时,由于加热效应使得阴极等离子体膨胀速度加快,最后几个脉冲阴极发射能力增强,波形重复性变差;当引导磁场强度增大时,阴极等离子体受到较大的磁场力约束,横向膨胀速度减慢,从而使得电子发射面积减小,总发射电流减小,二极管的阻抗增大。最后取引导磁场为1.5 T,阴极环厚为1 mm,得到重复频率100 Hz、束压827 kV、束流8.22 kA、脉冲波形之间重复性很好的均匀电子束输出。     

光纤布喇格光栅低温传感的特性研究

从光纤布喇格光栅的温度传感模式出发,对光纤布喇格光栅的温度传感特性进行了分析,推导出了光纤光栅的一阶与二阶温度灵敏度系数,并运用MATLAB对实验数据进行了拟和,所得多项式和理论值吻合得很好.并对低温传感进行了实验,将在常温下得出的多项式进行了热光系数的修正,所得的结果同时符合常温与低温的传感特性,解决了低温与常温情况下的理论计算与实验的不一致性.     

Test of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture with a charged scalar field and dyonic Kerr–Newman black holes

A thought experiment considered recently in the literature, in which it is investigated whether a dyonic Kerr–Newman black hole can be destroyed by overcharging or overspinning it past extremality by a massive complex scalar test field, is revisited. Another derivation of the result that this is not possible, i.e. the weak cosmic censorship is not violated in this thought experiment, is given. The derivation is based on conservation laws, on a null energy condition, and on specific properties of the metric and the electromagnetic field of dyonic Kerr–Newman black holes. The metric is kept fixed, whereas the dynamics of the electromagnetic field is taken into account. A detailed knowledge of the solutions of the equations of motion is not needed. The approximation in which the electromagnetic field is fixed is also considered, and a derivation for this case is also given. In addition, an older version of the thought experiment, in which a pointlike test particle is used, is revisited. The same result, namely the non-violation of the cosmic censorship, is rederived in a way which is simpler than in earlier works.     

Low-frequency asymptotics of complex dispersion curves for lamb waves in layered elastic plate

An asymptotic and iterative method is proposed to calculate complex dispersion curves for isotropically layered plates. At the first stage, a dispersion equation is derived in explicit form and its limiting form is obtained for the static case. Passages to the limit of coinciding materials or vanishingly small layer thicknesses are investigated. Specific case of materials with coinciding shear moduli is analyzed in detail. Asymptotics of static roots is deduced for a large value of the root magnitude, the error of asymptotics is estimated, and an iterative method is proposed for calculating exact root values. Long-wave asymptotics of dispersion curves is derived, and it is shown that every complex dispersion curve has a long flat initial segment. Asymptotics is the more accurate, the lower the frequency is and the higher the number of the curve is. Exact values of wave numbers on the dispersion curve are also evaluated by another iterative procedure. Examples of calculating the dispersion curves are presented and the efficiency of the algorithm is shown.     

1MV小型重复频率Marx发生器研制

设计了MV级小型重复频率Marx发生器,简化了发生器充放电回路,减小了能量损失;分析了隔离电感变化时对发生器输出脉冲电压波形的影响,减小了隔离电感体积,提高了隔离有效性;优化了开关腔体结构,实现了间距连续可调,且受外围结构的变化或振动影响,13个开关间隙置于同一垂线上,火花放电时产生的紫外线或射线相互照射,加速了开关导通,减小了Marx发生器输出电压抖动。塑壳电容降压使用,提高了发生器的可靠性;通过Pspice模拟和三维静电场分析,实现了发生器小型化,整个Marx发生器放置在一个密封纯净SF6气体的金属圆筒内,体积小于0.25m3。优化设计和实验研究,发生器在高阻负载上输出峰值1.02MV、前沿约30ns的高压脉冲,发生器储能290J,电压幅度抖动约10%,前沿抖动小于10ns,可实现重复频率20Hz稳定运行。     

Acoustic streaming in a rotating fluid

Acoustic streaming theory is derived that is applicable to a fluid that is slow moving in a reference frame that rotates with a constant angular velocity omega. A simplified streaming equation is obtained for the special case in which the acoustic angular frequency omega is large relative to omega, and the change in fluid density due to rotation alone is negligible. For this special case it is shown that the "driving force" for the acoustic streaming is independent of omega. Thus, if no acoustic streaming is present in a fluid system that is stationary, then no steady-state acoustic streaming is predicted for a similar system that rotates with constant angular velocity. For a system in which acoustic streaming is present, the flow behavior depends on the relative magnitudes of the Coriolis forces and the viscous forces. If the Ekman number is large (that is, the viscous force dominates) then the predicted flow is identical to that which would exist in a stationary system. If, on the other hand, the Ekman number is small then the Coriolis force dominates and the component of flow in the direction of the axis of rotation can be much smaller in the rotating system than in a similar system at rest.     

基于区域合并的动态阈值分割算法

在传统分块分割再合并阈值法的基础上,引入图像区域合并的思想,以邻近区域阈值相似性作为判断区域合并的依据,借助人机交互式系统,运用待识别目标灰度与完成区域合并的阈值作加权,消除区域灰度不连续,实现目标与背景的有效分离,减少算法的运算量,提高目标识别精度.实验证明,该算法实现简单且行之有效.