一种三级自动复叠制冷的模拟

通过美国标准和技术研究所开发的软件程序计算出了混合工质在不同配比下的物理性质;最终以要求的制冷量为标准,确定了混合工质的最佳配比;并通过分析计算,得出了一个三级自动复叠系统中各测点的状态参数;最后分析了压缩机高、低压对系统性能的影响。     

混合工质HFC134a/HCs替代R502的性能分析

针对目前R502主流替代工质R507和R404A存在的温室效应指数高、与矿物油互溶性差等缺点,提出了环保性能更好的三组近共沸混合工质R134a/R290、R134a/R1270和R134a/R290/R1270作为R502新型替代工质；并对其热物性、循环性能、安全性能和溶油性进行了计算分析。结果表明：除了压缩机排气温度偏高,这三组R134a/HCs混合工质的其它主要循环性能参数如压缩机压力比、容积制冷量和系统性能系数COP都优于R507和R404A,并且从理论上讲不存在可燃可爆的危险,同时可以与矿物油互溶,在替代R502方面更具有优势,其中R134a/R290/R1270在高热负荷下的综合性能最优良。     

喷射增效自复叠制冷循环工质选择

为选择适合喷射增效自复叠制冷循环的工质,选取R32/R1234ze、R23/R134a、R170/R290和R23/R227ea四组混合工质,计算分析在给定工况下不同工质对喷射增效自复叠制冷循环性能的影响,并与传统自复叠制冷循环进行对比。结果表明,在喷射增效自复叠制冷循环中,R170/R290制冷量最大,R23/R227e压缩机压比最小,R23/R227e具有最佳性能,其性能系数较传统自复叠制冷循环提高了13.8%—28.4%;各组混合工质均存在最优组分配比使循环COP最大。     

基于三元工质扩散吸收式制冷系统的浓度研究

文中建立以氨-水-氦为工质的扩散吸收式制冷系统。采用对比试验,在三种工质浓度下,对比由于工质浓度不同而对系统温度造成的不同影响,用温度曲线的方式描述了系统各参数的变化,对扩散吸收式制冷系统的浓度设计具有一定的参考价值。     

中高温热泵新工质HTR02实验研究

本文从中高温水源热泵对制冷剂的特殊要求入手,通过研究工质的性质、材料相容性、油溶性,开发了一种综合性能较好的混合工质HTR02。通过对新工质在中高温水源热泵试验台机组的大量热工性能试验以及对试验结果的误差和性能分析,表明该工质能够产生75℃左右的热水,有较高的性能系数,具有很好的应用前景;最后还引用比容积压缩功的方法讨论了新工质充灌原有R134a压缩机时的匹配问题。     

房间空调器用R290旋转压缩机的研究

自然工质R290具有优良的热物理性能,且理论制冷循环性能与R22工质相近,是R22的较佳替代工质,适用于房间空调器。文中建立了R290旋转压缩机性能仿真模型,分析了润滑油对R290压缩机的影响,并采用CFD及CAE仿真工具对压缩机的排气通道进行了优化。样机试验验证了仿真模型的合理性。     

基于三元混合工质高温压缩式热泵循环性能研究

工业生产中存在大量的70～80℃的余热未被回收利用,如果利用热泵将这部分余热转化为高品质工业蒸汽则可大大降低工业能耗和污染物排放。本文研究一种回收废水余热制取蒸汽的高温热泵系统,在蒸发器侧水进出口温度80/70℃和冷凝器侧水进出口温度90/120℃设计工况下,针对该换热过程"大温差"和"高冷凝"的换热特点分析对比不同非共沸工质的循环性能。首先对比了多种二元混合工质的循环性能,得到性能较为优良的混合工质R124/R141b(0.45/0.55).为保证压缩机安全运行添加第三元组分以降低排气温度和压力,结果表明:三元工质R365mfc/R124/R141b(0.55/0.405/0.045)综合性能较佳,其COP达到4.9,并且单位容积制热量为4110 kJ/m~3,同时排气温度125℃和冷凝压力为1595 kPa,综合性能优越并满足压缩机安全运行要求。     

几种中高温热泵工质的循环性能实验研究

出于对工质自身环境特性和系统运行性能对环境的综合影响的考虑,对理论循环性能优良的HCFCs工质HCFIC124、HCFC142b,含有HCFCs的二元混合工质MB3B、 MB3C、 MB1B和三元混合工质MT1C,在冷凝温度为60～90℃的中高温热泵工况范围内,进行了循环性能对比实验研究.实验在水-水蒸汽压缩式热泵实验台上、以指定工质侧参数的实验方式进行.结果表明, 6种工质的实验循环性能优良.与ODP为0、具有在冷凝温度为80℃以上的工况范围应用潜力的代表性工质HFC245fa相比,在HFC245fa适用的实验工况范围内,6种工质的压缩机排气温度均高丁HFC245fa; MB1B.MT1C系统的COP明显高丁HFC245fa,其余4种工质系统的COP略高于HFC245fa;6种工质系统的制热量均明显高丁HFC245fa.     

中高温工质在蒸发器中的换热模拟分析

本文采用分布参数的方法,建立了水源热泵中普遍采用的壳管式蒸发器稳态数学模型.通过中高温水源热泵试验台的实验数据同模拟计算结果的对比,验证了数学模型的准确性。应用此数学模型对中高温工质HTR01、HTR02及R134a在蒸发器典型制热运行工况,进行了模拟计算。得出了三种工质制冷剂侧换热系数沿管长的变化关系并对三种工质的换热性能进行了对比分析,为采用中高温工质的水源热泵换热器设计提供了参考依据.     

零ODP的中高温热泵工质HTR04实验研究

本文综合考虑了环保和中高温水源热泵对制冷剂的特殊要求,通过研究工质的热物理性质、材料相容性、油溶性,研发了一种臭氧层破坏潜能(ODP)为零的非共沸中高温热泵混合工质HTR04,并在中高温水源热泵试验台机组上进行了新工质的热工性能试验.实验结果表明该工质能够稳定产生80℃的热水,且有较高的性能系数,可与R134a压缩机兼容.该工质的实际工程应用前景良好.     

Perceptual studies on cochlear implant patients with early onset of profound hearing impairment prior to normal development of auditory, speech, and language skills

Psychophysical studies were conducted on three prelingual and two postlingual cochlear implant patients. Auditory sensations were produced by electrical stimulation of the residual nerve fibers of the auditory nerve by means of a multiple-electrode cochlear implant. The psychophysical performance of the prelinguals was, in general, poorer than that of the postlinguals; prelingual performance was poorer for repetition rate and electrode position identification, gap detection, and durational and numerosity judgments. Improved performance with time, however, was consistently observed for the prelinguals in the above-mentioned psychophysical tasks. There were significant individual differences in the amount of improvement among the three prelinguals. Speech perception studies were also conducted on the three prelingual patients. The speech perception performance of the three prelingual patients was much poorer than that of postlingual patients in general, and was consistent with their poorer psychophysical performance described above.     

不同离散格式下的离心泵内部流动数值模拟研究

为研究离散格式对离心泵性能预测精度的影响,本文以自吸式离心泵为计算模型,采用Realizableκ-ε湍流模式进行三维内流场的数值模拟研究,分析了从零流量到最大工作流量下的内部流动和水力性能。建立了考虑内部间隙影响的自吸式离心泵全三维计算模型,分析了动量方程对流项采用一阶差分和二阶差分格式对计算精度的影响,同时分析了压力项的Standard和PRESTO离散格式对计算精度的影响。结果表明,在小流量工况下,采用二阶迎风格式具有较高的计算精度,而在大流量工况下采用一阶迎风格式更为合适。该结果可为准确预测离心泵全工况外特性提供参考依据。     

Some effects of a combined noise and vibration environment on a mental arithmetic task

Three experiments were conducted, with broad band noise and whole-body vibration used as stressors both separately and in combination. The three experiments related to three levels of vibration (0·6, 0·8 and 1·2 m/s² r.m.s.). In each experiment the intensity of vibration was set at the specified value and the noise intensity for each subject was set at a value subjectively judged to be of equal intensity to the vibration offered. Subjects in each experiment performed an arithmetic task that was designed to minimize any direct mechanical interference from the stressors. The results are unusual in that significant reductions in performance were observed at quite low intensities of both noise and vibration. For the single stressor situations performance was reduced significantly compared with the control condition at the highest stressor level. At lower stressor levels, the effects were more varied and included some improvements in performance. However, there was a constancy in performance in the combined-stressor conditions such that performance did not vary significantly from that found in the control conditions.     

多特征融合的鸟类物种识别方法

针对短时窗平均/长时窗平均算法从次声台站监测数据中提取的信号仍然包含噪声的问题,对支持向量机和人工神经网络的机器学习方法进行了研究。采用小波包分解的方法对信号进行重构,提取出各频带内的重构信号能量特征,对事件信号和噪声进行了识别实验,并分析了提高识别能力的方法,为工程应用提供理论参考。实验结果表明,在训练数据集不大的情况下,通过优化模型结构可以将两种方法的识别能力提高到可以接受的水平。     

基于OpenMP的3维粒子模拟并行计算

基于OpenMP标准分别设计了粒子模拟方法中电磁场计算、粒子运动求解、电荷密度和电流密度更新的并行计算实现算法。在多核计算机上对所设计并行算法进行了性能测试和分析,根据分析结果在3维并行粒子模拟软件CHIPIC3D上实现了基于OpenMP的并行计算功能,并应用其对一种扩展互作用振荡器进行了基于OpenMP的并行模拟和基于OpenMP/MPI混合模式的并行模拟。模拟结果表明并行算法正确并能取得较高的加速比。     

The effect of intermittent noise on vigilance performance

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the level of predictability of intermittent noise on performance on a visual vigilance task. Under a quiet condition and three intermittent noise conditions, subjects (Ss) carried out a 55-min task where they were required to detect a change in the brightness of one element of a visual display. The results indicated that Ss were less sensitive, less accurate, and more prone to response failures during intermittent noise, although responses were faster under noise conditions. Measures of response bias and response certainty were not significantly affected by the presentation of noise. Variation in the level of predictability of the noise affected only the accuracy of response measure during the final quarter of the vigilance task, with the group receiving the least predictable noise performing significantly worse than the other three groups. The results are discussed in relation to theories of noise and performance.     

Effects of age and mild hearing loss on speech recognition in noise

Using an adaptive strategy, the effects of mild sensorineural hearing loss and adult listeners' chronological age on speech recognition in babble were evaluated. The signal-to-babble ratio required to achieve 50% recognition was measured for three speech materials presented at soft to loud conversational speech levels. Four groups of subjects were tested: (1) normal-hearing listeners less than 44 years of age, (2) subjects less than 44 years old with mild sensorineural hearing loss and excellent speech recognition in quiet, (3) normal-hearing listeners greater than 65 with normal hearing, and (4) subjects greater than 65 years old with mild hearing loss and excellent performance in quiet. Groups 1 and 3, and groups 2 and 4 were matched on the basis of pure-tone thresholds, and thresholds for each of the three speech materials presented in quiet. In addition, groups 1 and 2 were similar in terms of mean age and age range, as were groups 3 and 4. Differences in performance in noise as a function of age were observed for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners despite equivalent performance in quiet. Subjects with mild hearing loss performed significantly worse than their normal-hearing counterparts. These results and their implications are discussed.     

基于成像光谱技术的作物杂草识别研究

杂草识别是变量喷雾和物理方法精确除草的前提。利用自主设计的地面成像光谱系统在自然环境下获取了胡萝卜幼苗以及马齿苋、牛筋草和地锦等杂草在380～760 nm波长区间的高光谱数据,通过对数据归一化消除光照条件的影响之后,运用逐步法进行波段选择,采用Fisher线性判别方法对杂草与胡萝卜幼苗进行了识别。结果表明,当把每种杂草都作为一类加以精细区分时,运用选择的8个波段建立模型对杂草和胡萝卜幼苗的识别率达85%左右;当把杂草整体作为一类与胡萝卜幼苗进行区分时,运用选择的7个波段识别率高于91%。同时为了设计低成本的杂草识别系统,通过穷举法选择最优的2和3波段组合,其中最优3波段组合对杂草胡萝卜幼苗的识别能力与逐步法选择的5个波段相当,整体识别率达89%。此外发现,红边波段对杂草有着显著的识别能力。     

基于ANSYS的芯片冷却器传热分析

针对微槽式芯片冷却器,建立三维仿真模型,分析其稳态工况下的传热情况,获得其温度和热应力分布.分析了五种不同结构形式芯片冷却器工作性能的影响,比较了纯铜和氮化硅复合物两种材质对散热性能的影响.结果表明,铜质冷却器散热性能较好,但内部热应力却高于复合材质冷却器.通过将原冷却通道分割成两个相同的小通道,可提高冷却性能,且应将...     

三级复叠式制冷系统性能的模拟研究

对R404A/R23/R14三级复叠制冷系统进行模拟,研究了三级复叠制冷循环中间温度的选取对系统制冷系数的影响,比较了R404A/R23/R14与R404A/R23在重叠温区的制冷系数以及不同制冷剂对三级复叠系统制冷系数的影响。结果表明:R404A/R23/R14复叠式制冷循环存在最佳中间温度,最佳温度下的压缩机压比大致相等;在重叠温区内,R404A/R23的制冷系数高于R404A/R23/R14;R404A/R508B/R14、R404A/R508A/R14更适用于做三级复叠制冷系统的制冷剂。