纳米PIC—I／azaPIC—I混合分子聚集体光学非线性的Z—扫描研究

引入胶体ＳＰ５４，在室温下形成ＰＩＣ－Ｉ（１，１ｄｉｅｔｈｙ１－２，２－ｃｙａｎｎｉｎｅＰ－ｔｏｕｅｎｅｓｕｌ－ｆｏｎａｔｅ－Ｉｏｄｉｄｅ）／ａｚａＰＩＣ－Ｉ的Ｊ－聚集体，用Ｚ－扫描技术系统研究了室温下纳米ＰＩＣ－Ｉ／ａｚａＰＩＣ－Ｉ，有机分子聚集体三种配比下的三阶光学非线性，观测到随着延长变短，样品的三阶非线性极化率增大，我们分析和讨论了这种非线性增强的机制。     

替位式掺杂的富勒烯分子C77X(X=B,N原子)的非线性光学性质

采用推广的Su-Schrieffer-Heeger模型和sum-over-state方法计算了掺杂的富勒烯分子C₇₇X(X=B或N原子)的三阶非线性极化率γ.计算结果表明：1)与C₇₈相比,各C₇₇X分子的三阶非线性极化率γ的静态值均有不同程度的提高(3—40倍);2) C₇₇X的非线性动态光学响应不仅与掺杂原子有关,还与异构体种类和掺杂位置有关. 关键词：     

制备条件对Langmuir－Blodgett膜中分子聚集态的影响

通过对不同制膜条件下样品的π－Ａ曲线及紫外－可见吸收光谱的测量，研究ＬＢ单分子层膜中半花菁衍生物（ｈｅｍｉｃｙａｎｉｎｅｄｅｒｉｖａｔｉｖｅ简称ＨＤ）分子的聚集状态及其形成机制。纯半花菁衍生物单分子层膜中分子以Ｈ聚集体的形式存在导致吸收峰的兰移及有效分子二阶非线性极化率β（基频波长λ＝１．０６４μｍ）的减小。实验表明聚集体的形成主要发生在压膜过程。提高压膜速度或降低压膜终极压力（拉膜压力）可显著减小分子的聚集程度，从而提高单分子层膜的光学非线性极化率。     

聚集效应对银纳米粒子的二阶非线性光学特性的影响研究

运用超瑞利散射(HRS)技术,对由KNO3诱导聚集的银纳米粒子的二阶光学非线性特性进行了实验研究.通过粒子尺寸测量和透射电镜观察，表明银纳米粒子的聚集方式为链状聚集.当聚集体平均尺寸为120nm时，银纳米粒子聚集体的HRS信号强度比聚集前增大了约15倍.分析表明，聚集导致银纳米粒子表面电场极化强度的增强和极化分布的改变，并通过表面和体贡献机理对二阶非线性极化过程产生影响. 关键词： 银纳米粒子 超瑞利散射 二阶光学非线性 聚集     

氢键对2-(N-甲基)氨基-5-硝基吡啶分子非线性光学性质的影响

本文在杂化密度泛函理论水平上研究了溶剂对2-(N-甲基)氨基-5-硝基吡啶分子非线性光学性质的影响.在溶剂中,构造了包括氢键作用的超分子体系,在优化结构的基础上分别研究了由极化连续模型模拟的溶剂与该分子的长程相互作用、溶剂与该分子的氢键相互作用以及溶剂与包括氢键作用的超分子体系整体的相互作用对分子的几何结构、非线性光学性质、紫外吸收光谱和电荷分布等特性的影响.结果表明,溶剂中分子电偶极矩、线性极化率和第一超极化率都增大,而溶剂与溶质分子通过氢键形成的超分子结构与单体有着明显区别.因此,氢键对分子结构和性质的影响较大,从而将明显的影响该类分子的非线性光学性质.     

分子光学及其应用前景

随着原子光学的快速发展，一门新兴的有关研究中性分子与电场、磁场和光场等物质相互作用及其冷却、囚禁、操控与应用的学科——“分子光学”正在逐步形成．文章首先就分子光学的学术内涵及其研究内容作一简单类比与讨论；其次，就冷分子束的产生与超冷分子样品的实验制备、超冷分子物理与光谱学、非线性与量子分子光学的研究及其最新进展进行简要综述．最后，就分子光学的应用前景进行了展望．     

偶氮聚合物薄膜的吸收谱和二次谐波产生的温度特性

研究了一种偶氮聚合物薄膜的光谱和二阶非线性光学特性.研究结果表明,聚合体中的偶氮发色团以反式异构体形式存在.加热可使分子之间的相互作用减弱,聚集体的聚集程度降低;温度低于70℃时聚集体的结构不会发生变化,分子间相互作用的改变能够完全恢复;高于70℃降温后聚集体聚集程度的降低不能完全恢复.在一定温度下极化可使发色团偶极子定向有序排列,形成J-聚集体.偶氮聚合物薄膜的二阶非线性光学特性起源于偶极子模型,极化温度是影响极化膜二次谐波强度的重要因素之一,该偶氮聚合物薄膜的最佳极化温度约为90℃.     

分子内质子转移分子2—（2‘—羟基苯基）间氮杂氧茚的光学非线性的研究

报道了在调Ｑ的Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光器泵浦下用Ｚ－扫描技术对具有分子内质子转移特性的分子２－（２‘－羟基苯基）间氮杂氮茚的光学非线性的研究。结果表明：对１．０６μｍ的光ＨＢＯ无非线性吸收，其三阶非互性极化率不随入射光强而变，而在０．５３μｍ的激光作用下，ＨＢＯ表现出显著的双光子吸收，其双光子吸收系数随泵浦光强增强而减小，而其三阶非线性极化率实部则随泵浦光强的增强而增大，在建立双光子泵浦产生激发态分子内质     

亚皮秒光整流效应

介绍了亚皮秒光整流效应的原理及其应用。亚皮秒光整流效应是一种特殊的非线性光学效应，是指利用亚皮秒脉冲激光和非线性介质的相互作用而产生低频电极化场（ＴＨｚ）的过程。这种低频电极化场可以产生超快电磁波辐射。它可以作为一种非接触探测手段来研究非线性性材料的电光效应，测量非线性材料的二阶非线性极化张量元之间的比值。     

甲基砜基二苯乙烯衍生物的非线性光学特性研究

用非线性光学活性基团理论计算了甲基砜基二苯乙烯衍生物的微观二阶非线性光学极化率，并且测定了其粉末倍频强度，结果表明此类分子具有较好的二次非线性光学特性，有可能在其中找有用的有机非线性光学材料。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.