光学系统“星点检验”技术之研究

本文对目前用“星点检验法”检验光学系统存在的问题进行了阐述。同时对用“星点检验法”检验光学系统的方法进行了分析和研究。     

轻材料检验自动化评片技术

轻材料技术条件要求检验零件内部夹杂，检验手段采用X射线照相检验法，其中底片的评定是由检验人员在观片灯下人工评定，评定结果易受人为因素影响。为提高评片效率和可靠性，研发了—套轻材料自动评片软件系统。该系统基于Windows 2000平台，以VC为开发语言，结合图像处理技术对底片的多项评定指标进行评判。实践表明，该系统界面友好、易于操作，具有良好的评片效果。     

大非球面镜的郎奇检验灵敏度理论研究及仿真分析

为了研究等间距直线条光栅的周期及其他相关参数的变化对大非球面镜朗奇检验法的影响，提出了一种评估郎奇检验灵敏度大小的新方法。其检验灵敏度定义为一个光栅周期所能检测到的镜面偏差大小能力。在朗奇检验的几何原理基础上，利用光线追迹法讨论了镜面偏差与朗奇光栅周期之间的关系，并以此推导出检验灵敏度公式，计算了抛物面镜的朗奇检测灵敏度。分析结果表明，如果给定镜子的规格参数及检验光路，朗奇检验灵敏度分别随着光栅周期间隔和半通光口径的变大而减小。     

测量不确定度与测量误差（续四）

测量不确定度与测量误差（续四）沙定国（北京理工大学光电工程系，北京１０００８１）（２）Ｆ检验法在检查仪器的稳定性等实验中，需要对某项指标进行长时间的重复测量。这时，得到的数据组较多，可用方差分析的方法，即Ｆ检验法，它可以较快得出检验结果。设独立测得ｍ...     

模拟钚部件的模板识别

钚部件模板识别技术是深度核裁军的关键核查技术。到目前为止,我们已经开展了模板识别技术的概念研究和对应的模板识别方法的研究,建立了基于均值向量检验法的模板识别技术。这里用数值模拟的方法对所建立的基于均值向量检验法的模板识别技术进行有效性检验。     

非均匀等离子体中受激Raman散射非线性行为

鉴于实际中等离子体不均匀性和非周期性边界条件，建立了受激Ｒａｍａｎ散射（ＳＲＳ）和受激Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｒｉｎ散射（ＳＢＳ）非线性耦合模型。ＳＢＳ对ＳＲＳ的影响主要表现在两方面：１）Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ波与离子声波的非线性相互作用，２）ＳＢＳ与ＳＲＳ的竞争。本文研究了离子声衰变不稳定性、离子声波对Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ波的非共振散射两种非线性过程在ＳＲＳ发展过程中的作用，给出一维不均匀等离子体中ＳＲＳ发展图象。Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ波向短波转换，从而被强烈阻尼是抑制ＳＲＳ的重要机制。文中给出了ＳＢＳ／ＳＲＳ耦合过程中决定ＳＲ 关键词：     

基于均值向量检验法的模板比较算法

模板比较算法是核弹头及其核部件模板识别技术的一项关键技术.文中介绍了一种基于均值向量检验法的高分辨γ能谱指纹模板比较算法,并用放射源对其进行了有效性检验.检验结果表明,该算法是有效的,能够准确识别不同强度、不同组成的辐射源.研究还就模板构型的设计提出了两条建议. 关键词： 模板比较算法 模板识别技术 能谱指纹 均值向量检验法     

交联型微米级聚苯乙烯粒度标准物质的研制北大核心CSCD

采用分散聚合法制备了标称粒径为3μm的单分散交联型聚苯乙烯(PS)微球。相对于线型μm级聚苯乙烯而言,交联型μm级聚苯乙烯的耐热性和耐溶剂性明显提高,其玻璃化温度提高了28.6℃,在常用溶剂中保持不溶解状态。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)绝对测量法对交联型μm级聚苯乙烯粒度标准物质进行定值,用美国国家标准技术研究院(NIST)的粒度标准物质校正其放大倍数。定值结果为2.84μm,扩展不确定度为0.08μm。采用F检验法和t检验法检验了样品的均匀性和稳定性。定值过程和均匀性、稳定性都符合国家二级粒度标准物质的要求。μm级交联型聚苯乙烯微球粒度标准物质,可用于高温和腐蚀等极端环境下的粒度分析。     

用于半导体激光器光束整形的衍射光学元件的设计研究

采用模拟退火法（ＳＡ）和输入 输出法（Ｉ-Ｏ）相结合的算法（ＳＡＩＯ）设计了８台阶的衍射光学元件，将椭圆高斯分布的激光束变换到均匀圆光束，转换到圆均匀区的能量效率达到了９１.９％．计算结果表明，用ＳＡＩＯ设计得到的输出波形边缘陡直，在平顶区的起伏和光滑程度比单独使用ＳＡ或Ｉ-Ｏ有明显改善 关键词：     

ICP—AES法同时测定电解金属锰中的硅,铁,硒和磷

本文研究了用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ直接测定电解金属锰中的Ｓｅ，Ｐ，Ｓｉ，Ｆｅ等元素的方法，方法简便，快速，精密度和准确度均能满足对出口电解金属锰的检验要求。     

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法在地球化学标准物质均匀性检验中的应用研究

均匀性是标准物质三大特性之一。X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）,精密度高,可实现多元素同时分析,是地球化学标准物质均匀性检验重要方法之一。目前,应用XRF对标准物质进行均匀性检验还存在争议。由于均匀性检验要求称样量为最小取样量,一般地球化学标准物质的最小取样量为0.1 g,而采用粉末压片-XRF进行均匀性检验时称样量为4 g左右,得到的结果在理论上不足以支撑样品在最小取样量条件下是否均匀。本研究改变了以往压片模具的大小,采用0.1 g样品粉末压片法制样,在对仪器条件进行优化的基础上,选取了3个土壤（GBW07425,GBW07428,GBW07388）和3个水系沉积物（GBW07375,GBW07378,GBW07379）标准物质,每个标准物质取15瓶,每瓶取样2份,共制样片30个,对SiO₂,Al₂O₃,TFe₂O₃,MgO,CaO,Na₂O,K₂O,Mn,Ti和P共10个主量组分进行了均匀性检验,根据单因素方差分析的F值、测定值的标准偏差（s）和相对标准偏差（RSD）综合判定样品的均匀性。通过理论计算,在样品照射半径为5 mm的条件下,所测10个主量组分的最小取样量小于0.1 g。0.1 g压片测定结果表明,本研究中的方法准确度高,相对误差小于16%,精密度高,相对标准偏差不超过4.3%,F值小于临界值,标准物质的均匀性良好。在最小取样量为0.1 g的条件下,应用X-射线荧光光谱法进行均匀性检验,不仅能够解决地球化学标准物质均匀性检验中长期存在的争议问题,还可为X-射线荧光光谱法在其他领域的应用提供技术支持。     

Constraints on changes in fundamental constants from a cosmologically distant OH absorber or emitter

We have detected the four 18 cm OH lines from the z approximaetely 0.765 gravitational lens toward PMN J0134-0931. The 1612 and 1720 MHz lines are in conjugate absorption and emission, providing a laboratory to test the evolution of fundamental constants over a large lookback time. We compare the HI and OH main line absorption redshifts of the different components in the z approximately 0.765 absorber and the z approximately 0.685 lens toward B0218 + 357 to place stringent constraints on changes in F triple-bond g(p)[alpha(2)/mu](1.57). We obtain [DeltaF/F] = (0.44 +/- 0.36(stat) +/- 1.0(sys)t) x 10(-5), consistent with no evolution over the redshift range 0 < z < or = 0.7. The measurements have a 2sigma sensitivity of [Deltaalpha/alpha] < 6.7 x 10(-6) or [Deltamu/mu] < 1.4 x 10(-5) to fractional changes in alpha and mu over a period of approximately 6.5 G yr, half the age of the Universe. These are among the most sensitive constraints on changes in mu.     

Influence of hydrogen distribution on magnetic properties of amorphous samples

We have studied the effect of the homogeneity of hydrogen distribution on magnetic properties of hydrogen charged amorphous samples (Metglass 2826MB: Fe₄₀Ni₄₀Mo₄B₁₈). The results suggest that, in high magnetostrictive samples, the induced internal stresses and hence the magnetic anisotropy are related to the hydrogen distribution and not to the total quantity of hydrogen inside the sample. To perform this study, the homogeneity of hydrogen distribution in the sample was improved by using a very low rate of hydrogen charging by means of a pulsed electrolytic current. Furthermore, this pulsed electrolytic current allows us to introduce a high quantity of hydrogen without breaking the sample. Received 7 May 1999 and Received in final form 11 October 1999     

Optical homogeneity analysis of Hg1−xCdxTe epitaxial layers: How to circumvent the influence of impurity absorption bands?

Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies are standard tools for analysis of HgHg_1−xCd_xTe epitaxial layers in terms of homogeneity of the mole-fraction (x). For technological relevant layer thicknesses of ∼10 μm, both techniques may show dissimilar results, in particular if doped layers are investigated. This is due to defect levels, which impact to the results obtained by both techniques in different ways. We systematically investigate this behavior by analyzing two sets of HgCdTe layers, one set intrinsically doped by Hg-vacancies, the other extrinsically doped by arsenic (As). A model is outlined and applied to the experimental results, which consistently explains even non-monotonous temperature-shifts of the spectra. Eventually, guidelines for optical homogeneity tests are given. While transmission measurements are most reliable, when carried out at low temperature, where the defect level are frozen out, photoluminescence provides best results at ambient temperature, where band-states are increasingly populated. Both approaches help to reveal intrinsic material properties.     

Painleve' analysis of a variable coefficient Sine-Gordon equation

In this paper we study a variable coefficient Sine-Gordon (vSG) equation given by theta(tt)-theta(xx)+F(x,t)sin theta=0 where F(x,t) is a real function. To establish if it may be integrable we have performed the standard test of Weiss, Tabor, and Carnevale (WTC). We have got that the (vSG) equation has the Painleve' property (Pp) if the function F(x,t) satisfies a well-defined nonlinear partial differential equation. We have found the general solution of this last equation and, consequently, the functions F(x,t) such that the (vSG) equation possesses the (Pp), are given by F(x,t)=F(1)(x+t)F(2)(x-t) where F(1)(x+t) and F(2)(x-t) are arbitrary functions. Using this last result we have obtained some particular solutions of the vSG equation. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.     

Assessment of the Formant Frequencies in Normal and Laryngectomized Individuals Using Linear Predictive Coding

The objective of this study was to assess the difference in voice quality as defined by acoustical analysis using sustained vowel in laryngectomized patients in comparison with normal volunteers. This was designed as a retrospective single center cohort study. An adult tertiary referral unit formed the setting of this study. Fifty patients (40 males) who underwent total laryngectomy and 31 normal volunteers (18 male) participated. Group comparisons with the first three formant frequencies (F1, F2, and F3) using linear predictive coding (LPC) (Laryngograph Ltd, London, UK) was performed. The existence of any significant difference of F1, F2, and F3 between the two groups using the sustained vowel /i/ and the effects of other factors namely, tumor stage (T), chemoradiotherapy, pharyngectomy, cricothyroid myotomy, closure of pharyngoesophageal segment, and postoperative complication were analyzed. Formant frequencies F1, F2, and F3 were significantly different in male laryngectomees compared to controls: F1 (P<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test), F2 (P<0.001, Student's t test), and F3 (P=0.008, Student's t test). There was no significant difference between females in both groups for all three formant frequencies. Chemoradiotherapy and postoperative complications (pharyngocutaneous fistula) caused a significantly lower formant F1 in men, but showed little effect in F2 and F3. Laryngectomized males produced significantly higher formant frequencies, F1, F2, and F3, compared to normal volunteers, and this is consistent with literature. Chemoradiotherapy and postoperative complications significantly influenced the formant scores in the laryngectomee population. This study shows that robust and reliable data could be obtained using electroglottography and LPC in normal volunteers and laryngectomees using a sustained vowel.     

The lifetime of the 5.14 MeV state in22Ne

Using the delayed coincidence method and the reaction¹⁹F(α, pγ)²²Ne at 10.80 MeV alpha energy, the lifetime of the 5.14 MeV state in²²Ne is determined to beτ=0.84 nsec±10%.     

Fabrications and dielectric performances of novel composites: Calcium copper titanate / Polyvinylidene fluoride

CCTO (Calcium copper titanate) powder as inorganic filler was synthesized by the Sol-gel method firstly. CCTO/PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) composite was fabricated by solution mixing based on high temperature resistance of PVDF and insulated property of CCTO. The composite of CCTO/PVDF were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and impedance analysis. The results showed that the addition of CCTO and increasing in its content did not affect the phase- and micro-structure of the composites,but the increase of CCTO content can induce the generation of C–F new bonds. PVDF/CCTO composites were enhanced in performance of thermal and frequency-depended stability with increasing in the fraction of CCTO. The dielectric constant of CCTO/PVDF composite materials with 50% CCTO achieved to a maximum value of 50 almost, which is 5 times higher the pure PVDF. The conductivity felled into 10⁻⁸ to 10⁻¹ S m⁻¹ during the frequency of 10²–10⁸ Hz. The composite material would be expected to be applied in the field of integrated circuit.     

Dimensionally frustrated diffusion towards fractal adsorbers

Diffusion towards a fractal adsorber is a well-researched problem with many applications. While the steady-state flux towards such adsorbers is known to be characterized by the fractal dimension (D{F}) of the surface, the more general problem of time-dependent adsorption kinetics of fractal surfaces remains poorly understood. In this Letter, we show that the time-dependent flux to fractal adsorbers (1相似文献   

Strength of the 18F(p,alpha)15O resonance at Ec.m. = 330 keV

Production of the radioisotope 18F in novae is severely constrained by the rate of the 18F(p,alpha)15O reaction. A resonance at E(c.m.)=330 keV may strongly enhance the 18F(p,alpha)15O reaction rate, but its strength has been very uncertain. We have determined the strength of this important resonance by measuring the 18F(p,alpha)15O cross section on and off resonance using a radioactive 18F beam at the ORNL Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. We find that its resonance strength is 1.48+/-0.46 eV, and that it dominates the 18F(p,alpha)15O reaction rate over a significant range of temperatures characteristic of ONeMg novae.