LD泵浦Nd：YAG激光器纵模特性及频率稳定性实验研究

摘要为了更好地研究LD泵浦Nd：YAG激光器的输出光束质量，利用共焦球面干涉仪设计了一套用于测量和分析该激光器纵模特性的简易装置，对该激光器的纵模进行了实验分析。在室温下测得纵模间隔为1.83GHz，纵模谱线宽度为113.83MHz。同时利用此装置，对该激光器的频率稳定性进行了分析，在120s取样时间内，测得频率稳定度为2.94×10^-4。     

用于干涉测量的短相干固体激光器光谱纵模特性

对固体激光器的光谱纵模特性与复相干度的关系进行了理论分析,推导出了在任意纵模数下的光程差与复相干度的关系式。通过比较窄谱宽激光器与谱宽较宽的测量用普通固体激光器在不同纵模数下的复相干度特性,发现固体激光器谱宽较宽,复相干度衰减较快,不同纵模数下的衰减速度和周期不同,纵模数越多复相干度震荡衰减越快,不会出现周期性的高相干区域。根据理论分析搭建了一台用于干涉测量的短相干多纵模固体激光器,并对其光谱纵模特性和相干长度进行了测量,实验结果与计算结果一致。     

抽运调制条件下超窄线宽掺铒光纤环形激光器的跳模特性研究

搭建了基于光纤迈克耳孙干涉仪的跳模检测系统,对抽运调制条件下的超窄线宽掺铒光纤环形激光器的跳模特性进行了实验研究,测量了由抽运电流标定的表征跳模规律的跳模数据图。结果表明,随着抽运电流的不断增加,激光器先后经历模式稳定区、模式非稳区以及多纵模区三种状态;存在第二抽运阈值,当抽运强度超过这一阈值时激光器由单纵模跳变为非稳定的多纵模。掺铒光纤环形激光器的谐振腔因抽运热效应或外界扰动而变化时,会引发频率漂移与连续跳模现象。     

三阶分布反馈太赫兹量子级联激光器的远场分布特性

研究了三阶分布反馈太赫兹量子级联激光器的设计、制作并分析了其纵模和横模特性.通过建立波导结构模型,利用有限元方法模拟激光器波导结构内的三维模场分布,通过本征模的损耗分析器件的纵模模式选择机理.同时,由本征模的近场通过近-远场傅里叶变换求得激光器的远场分布.采用半导体工艺制作了4.3 THz双面金属波导三阶分布反馈量子级联激光器,测量了不同器件的发射谱和远场光束质量,远场发散角为12?×13?,实验结果和理论模拟符合.     

用于激光稳频系统的控温F-P标准具特性研究

法布里-珀罗标准具由于其结构简单、性能稳定,不仅可以实现不同频率光束的分离、高精度的长度测量、分析激光的纵模结构等,还可用于激光器的稳频系统。本文对F-P标准具的透射率、半高宽度、自由光谱区以及透射率与温度的关系等特性进行了研究,并将其应用在激光器的稳频装置中。     

多纵模激光F-P标准具双边缘测风可行性分析

讨论采用多纵模激光器作探测光源用于双边缘多普勒激光雷达测风的可行性。给出了多纵模激光器谐振腔腔长与边缘滤波器F-P标准具腔长之间的关系。分析了多纵模双边缘测风的主要特性,计算灵敏度、信噪比和径向测速误差,并与单纵模测风性能进行对比。可用类似单纵模测风中动态频率跟踪技术解决多纵模激光器频率漂移问题。     

多纵模短腔染料激光放大前后光谱的比较

实验观测了短腔染料激光器输出的多纵模激光及其经一级染料放大的激光光谱，比较了光谱特性。在一定情况下，短腔染料激光器的多纵模激光经放大器放大可产生一个至几个新纵模，新纵模与短腔染料激光器输出的纵模有相似的频率间隔、线宽及频率牵引等特征。新纵模产生属于三阶四光子混频（即四波混频）为主导的非线性光学效应。存在频率牵引表明，增益介质中的多波混频存在频率失配，在这一四波混频中光子能量并不守恒     

多纵模短腔染普激光放大前后光谱的比较

实验观测了短腔染普激光器输出的多纵模激光及其经一级染料放大的激光光谱，比较了光谱特性。在一定情况下，短腔染料激光器的多纵模激光经放大器放大可产生一个至几个新纵模，新纵模与短腔染料激光器输出的纵模有相似的频率间隔、线宽及频率牵引等特征。新纵模产生属于三阶四光子混频（即四波混频）为主导的非线性光学效应。存在频率牵引表明，增益介质中的多波混频存在频率失配，在这一四波混凝中光子能量并不守恒。     

多纵模高光谱分辨率激光雷达研究

提出了一种新型的采用多纵模激光器作为发射光源的大气气溶胶遥感高光谱分辨率激光雷达(HSRL)技术。该技术将视场展宽迈克耳孙干涉仪(FWMI)作为光谱鉴频器,并在设计FWMI时使其周期鉴频特性与多纵模激光器的模式间隔相匹配,因而每个纵模的回波信号可被FWMI鉴频器进行效果一致的精细光谱分离。详细阐明了所提出的多纵模HSRL的原理和实现方式,定量讨论了制约多纵模HSRL中FWMI鉴频性能的主要因素。在1064nm波段采用计算机仿真验证了所提技术的性能。多纵模HSRL技术可避免目前HSRL对单纵模激光器的依赖,既能减小HSRL中激光器的成本、体积和重量,又可以大幅提升了HSRL激光系统的稳定性,对我国机载和星载HSRL的研制具有一定的借鉴意义。     

多模气体激光纵模线型函数及其频宽的实验观测

本文根据多模激光时间相干性ｇ（１）（τ）的准周期性特点，提出了一种观测多模激光纵模线型函数及其频宽的新方法－程差２ｋＬ法。文章介绍了测量原理与方法，并以双模Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器为例，给出了相应的实验结果，研究表明，多模气体激光的纵模线型函数为洛仑兹（Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ）线型函数，相应的纵模频宽约为１０＾７Ｈｚ。     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...     

论Gibbs方程的热力学本性及热力学函数的物理意义

对Gibbs方程的热力学本性作了再认识,论述了热力学函数U、H、A、G的物理意义,尝试从一般的运动和势能的关系上理解热力学．     

Testing the mechanism for the LSP stability at the LHC

The lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is a natural candidate for the cold dark matter of the universe. In this Letter we discuss how to test the mechanism responsible for the LSP stability at the LHC. We note that if R-parity is conserved dynamically one should expect a Higgs boson which decays mainly into two right-handed neutrinos (a “leptonic” Higgs) or into two sfermions. The first case could exhibit spectacular lepton number violating signals with four secondary vertices due to the long-lived nature of right-handed neutrinos. These signals, together with the standard channels for the discovery of SUSY, could help to establish the underlying theory at the TeV scale.     

On the Quantum Dynamic Theory of the MIT Output Coupler for the Bose-Einstein Condensation

A linear quantum dynamic theory for output coupler of Bose-Einstein condensed atoms in a trap is considered with the Bogoliu bov approximation in the thermodynamical limit based on the recent MIT experiment (Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 582) for atomic laser. In evolution of total system, the solution of the many-body problem shows a factorization of dynamic process, i.e., the wave function initially prepared in a direct product of a vacuum state and a coherent state remains in a direct product of coherent states at any instance. Physically, this factorizable structure predicts that an ideal condensate in the trap will remain in such a condensate state after the radiation frequency interaction while the output-coupler pulse of atoms forms a macroscopic quantum state in a propagating mode, i.e., the atomic laser.     

Application of the structured illumination method to study the topography of the sole of the foot during a walk

The structured illumination technique consists of projecting a fringe system onto a 3D object from a well defined space point, which results in a pattern that depends on the characteristic of the projected fringes, the viewpoint and the illuminated object morphology. Therefore, the structured illumination method enables to determine the topography of 3D objects. To implement this technique we set up an optoelectronic array that allows studying the sole of the foot during a walk. The method consists of projecting a Ronchi grid and capturing the images generated on the foot by a CCD camera. These obtained images are graphically processed and fringes converted into vectors. A depending algorithm on the experimental setup allows obtaining, from those vectors data, cotes for a discrete profile plotting of the studied object. The method enables the quantitative determination of the sole topography during the walk. Qualitatively, it can be used for diagnosis and control of deformation and injuries caused by accidents or illnesses. It can be introduced in the primary attention health system to study a great number of patients, due to its simplicity and low cost installation, and for being a non-invasive technique.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

On the crossing points of the Lamb modes and the maxima and minima of displacements observed at the surface

This article elaborates on the crossing points of the frequency–wavenumber branches for the symmetric and anti-symmetric Lamb modes in a homogeneous plate. It is shown both theoretically as well as experimentally that at these crossing points either the normal or the longitudinal components of modal displacement attain an extreme value, i.e. a maximum or it vanishes. This behavior is assessed herein using a method due to Mindlin, who showed that the dispersion curves for a plate with mixed boundary conditions – which are associated with uncoupled shear and dilatational modes – provide bounds to the spectral lines of the free plate. Therefore, a subset of the crossing points of the symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb modes for a free plate coincide with the crossing points for a plate with mixed boundary conditions.     

Adam and the Ants: On the Influence of the Optimization Algorithm on the Detectability of DNN Watermarks

As training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) becomes more expensive, the interest in protecting the ownership of the models with watermarking techniques increases. Uchida et al. proposed a digital watermarking algorithm that embeds the secret message into the model coefficients. However, despite its appeal, in this paper, we show that its efficacy can be compromised by the optimization algorithm being used. In particular, we found through a theoretical analysis that, as opposed to Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), the update direction given by Adam optimization strongly depends on the sign of a combination of columns of the projection matrix used for watermarking. Consequently, as observed in the empirical results, this makes the coefficients move in unison giving rise to heavily spiked weight distributions that can be easily detected by adversaries. As a way to solve this problem, we propose a new method called Block-Orthonormal Projections (BOP) that allows one to combine watermarking with Adam optimization with a minor impact on the detectability of the watermark and an increased robustness.     

用伪色差概念和PW方法设计双折射透镜初始结构

双焦点干涉显微镜因其高稳定性和高分辨率的特点而受到重视,其核心元件双折射透镜由一片双折射晶体和一片光学玻璃胶合而成。为了双折射透镜的设计工作方便,引入“伪色差”概念,定义“伪色散倒数”,从而可以借用现有的初级像差理论,运用PW方法,给出满足不同设计要求的三种双折射晶体和三种玻璃配对的双胶合透镜的初始结构表格,在不同的应用场合,可用OSLO软件进行像差计算和优化设计,取得需要的结果。为了便于评价这种特定的结构,定义紧凑因子7作为一个评价指标。给出采用方解石和ZF1作材料的设计实例,该设计结构紧凑(γ=0．25)。