PCL/SiO2杂化纳米相微结构与晶态成核生长特性

应用扫描电子显微镜、广角X射线衍射和差示扫描量热手段研究了有机高分子/无机组分间以物理次价力(氢键)键合的高分子量PCL/SiO2杂化材料纳米相微结构和PCL高分子链在该微结构环境中的结晶成核生长特性及其影响因素.研究结果表明:杂化体系中高分子/无机组分间的微相分离尺度在纳米数量级,高分子微区的平均相畴尺寸在70nm左右,无机相形态呈现不规则的颗粒状.两相均匀分布程度与体系中组分间的氢键键合强度有关.PCL杂化后结晶度减小,对应的微晶尺寸明显改变,平衡熔点随无机组成含量的增加而下降.高分子链在晶核表面折叠形成结晶结构所需的能量增加.这一结果归因于无机非晶SiO2和键合强度的影响.     

基于等离激元多重杂化效应的光吸收结构

近年来,以聚合物为代表的高分子材料由于具有比其他光吸收材料(如半导体材料、碳基材料以及贵金属纳米材料)更好的柔性和粘弹性而受到广泛关注.本文基于等离子体再聚合技术和磁控溅射工艺在聚合物材料层上制备了具有等离激元多重杂化效应的光吸收结构,该结构具有宽谱高吸收特性.该结构的制备工艺简单易行,对不同聚合物材料具有通用性,在光学器件领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

纳米材料与生物分子的相互作用与微结构特性

纳米材料是物理、化学、生物等领域所广泛关注的研究方向,主要分为无机材料、有机材料及复合材料。其中由纳米粒子与生物分子组成的复合材料因具有独特的光学、化学、电磁学等性质,在医学和医疗等方面有着良好的应用前景。此外,利用生物分子自组装的方法,可设计出具有复杂有序结构的复合材料。因此,研究纳米粒子和生物分子的相互作用对纳米材料的设计和应用有着重要的意义。本文从实验和计算机模拟两个方面综述了纳米粒子对生物分子(包括蛋白质、DNA、生物膜)结构特性以及热力学、动力学性质的影响,并概述了影响两者相互作用的多种因素,包括纳米粒子的尺寸、形状、浓度、表面特性等。     

超晶格高分子—无机纳米复合物

近年来，具有规整结构的纳米复合材料很受人们关注；利用有机－无机相间具有的强相互作用进行有序组装，可实现纳米复合材料结构与形态的微观调控．文章主要讨论了最近纳米复合物领域中的超晶格高分子－无机纳米复合物     

金属氧化物基杂化型聚合物太阳电池研究

以有机共轭聚合物为电子给体和无机纳米结构为电子受体组成的杂化型聚合物太阳电池(HPSC), 是一类新型的光伏器件. HPSC将有机物和无机物的光学、电学和力学等性能集成在一起, 其最显著的优点体现在材料来源丰富、性能互补且可调控、易实现低成本组装及轻便等方面. 金属氧化物纳米结构具有环境友好、可见光区透明且易合成等特点, 是很有发展前景的电子受体材料. 本文首先简要介绍了HPSC电池的研究现状、工作原理、器件结构、和稳态及动态表征方法, 然后重点综述了在基于ZnO和TiO₂纳米结构的HPSC方面的研究进展, 包括载流子传输动力学理论模型、高效电池材料与器件的设计和制备、及纳米结构特性相关的器件性能等. 最后, 对我们的研究成果进行了总结, 并展望了电池的后续研究方向和发展前景.     

利用小角X射线散射技术研究组分对聚酰亚胺/Al2O3杂化薄膜界面特性与分形特征的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备无机纳米杂化聚酰亚胺(PI),应用同步辐射小角X射线散射(SAXS)方法研究不同组分杂化PI薄膜的界面特性与分形特征.研究结果表明:散射曲线不遵守Porod定理,形成负偏离,说明薄膜中有机相与Al₂O₃纳米颗粒间存在界面层,界面层厚度在0.54 nm到1.48 nm范围内;随无机纳米组分增加,界面层厚度增加,有机相与无机相作用变强;无机纳米颗粒同时具有质量分形和表面分形特征,其分布、集结是一种非线性动力学过程;随组分增加,其质量分形维数降低 关键词： 小角X射线散射 纳米杂化 聚酰亚胺 界面     

小角X射线散射应用研究若干进展

文章从小角X射线散射（small-ande X-ray scattering，SAXS）的理论分析出发，结合国内外SAXS理论和应用研究的最新动态，总结了文章作者所在的研究小组近年来在SAXS技术用于材料微结构表征方面的研究成果。主要包括以下三个方面的内容：（1）有机／无机杂化材料中电子密度波动的研究；（2）弦长度分布函数材料的周期结构的研究；（3）纳米粉末晶化过程的研究。     

DNA模板纳米粒子自组装及其在纳米电子器件中的可能应用

以生物分子为模板进行的纳米粒子白组装之所以受到人们的广泛关注，主要是追求其在纳米电子器件的成功应用。文章结合近年来国内外研究工作和本实验室小组成员的一些相关工作，综述了DNA模板的无机纳米粒子白组装形成有序纳米结构及其在纳米电子器件上应用的研究进展，讨论了此种组装技术的局限性并展望其发展前景．     

X射线衍射研究纳米材料微结构的一些进展

本文在简单评叙过去常用于金属材料中晶粒（嵌镶块）大小和微观应变的X射线衍射线形分析方法（分离微晶-微应变二重宽化效应的Fourier分析、方差分析和近似函数三种方法）之后,介绍了作者及合作者近年来发展和建立的分离微晶微应变、微晶层错、微应变-层错二重宽化效应和分离微晶-微应力层错三重宽化效应的-般理论、最小二乘方法和计算程序系列。然后把这些方法用于评价各种典型纳米材料微结构的研究。它们包括：（1）贮氢合金MmB5;（2）面心立方结构纳米NiO的分析,获得微结构参数与热分解温度的关系;（3）体心立方结构的uTi基合金在吸放氢过程中的结构变化;（4）用来研究镍氢电池活化前后正极伊Ni（OH）2的微结构时,对一般方法作简化,从而了解了β-Ni（OH）2在镍氢电池中充放电过程和电池循环过程中的行为;（5）六方纳米ZnO的微结构研究和添加Ca、Sr和混合稀土的Mg-Al合金中的微结构研究;（6）还用于六方（2H）石墨堆垛无序度的测定。 实际应用发现,对不同的纳米材料合理应用分离X射线衍射多重宽化效应的一般理论和方法显得十分重要。 实际应用还发现,所提出的分离多重宽化效应的方法,能用于评价和研究纳米材料及其在使用过程微结构的变化,从而把材料性能与微结构参数联系起来,建立性能与结构之间的关系,并已获得不少有益结果。     

基于金颗粒自组装烷基硫醇为缓冲层的有机太阳能电池

有机活性层和无机电极的界面修饰影响到有机太阳能电池性能。本文引入金纳米颗粒自组装烷基硫醇,改善有机/无机的界面。制备“ITO/金颗粒-硫醇自组装缓冲层/聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)∶[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯(PCBM)/LiF/Al电极”结构的器件。自组装硫醇防止了因金颗粒与活性层直接接触导致的激子猝灭效应。我们研究了金纳米颗粒自组装不同链长的烷基硫醇对器件性能的影响,烷基硫醇的烷基链越长,硫醇对金颗粒的覆盖性越好,器件的短路电流越高。金纳米颗粒自组装十二烷基硫醇,短路电流J_SC由5.19 mA·cm-2提升到6.24 mA·cm-2,提高了20%。     

Nanohybridization of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Synthesis,Classification, and Application

Nanomaterials have attracted much attention from academic to industrial research. General methodologies are needed to impose architectural order in low-dimensional nanomaterials composed of nanoobjects of various shapes and sizes, such as spherical particles, rods, wires, combs, horns, and other non specified geometrical architectures. These nanomaterials are the building blocks for nanohybrid materials, whose applications have improved and will continuously enhance the quality of the daily life of mankind. In this article, we present a comprehensive review on the synthesis, dimension, properties, and present and potential future applications of nanomaterials and nanohybrids. Due to the large number of review articles on specific dimension, morphology, or application of nanomaterials, we will focus on different forms of nanomaterials, such as, linear, particulate, and miscellaneous forms. We believe that almost all the nanomaterials and nanohybrids will come under these three categories. Every form or dimension or morphology has its own significant properties and advantages. These low-dimensional nanomaterials can be integrated to create novel nano-composite material applications for next-generation devices needed to address the current energy crisis, environmental sustainability, and better performance requirements. We discuss the synthesis, properties, and morphology of different forms of nanomaterials (building blocks). Moreover, we elaborate on the synthesis, modification, and application of nanohybrids. The applications of these nanomaterials and nanohybrids in sensors, solar cells, lithium batteries, electronic, catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and bio-based applications will be detailed. The time is now ripe to explore new nanohybrids that use individual nanomaterial components as basic building blocks, potentially affording additionally novel behavior and leading to new, useful applications. In this regard, the combination or integration of linear nanorods/nanowires and spherical nanoparticles to produce mixed-dimensionality, higher-level nanocomposites of greater complexity is an interesting theme, which we explore in this review article.     

Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far?

Gold nanoparticles have attracted enormous scientific and technological interest due to their ease of synthesis, chemical stability, and unique optical properties. Proof-of-concept studies demonstrate their biomedical applications in chemical sensing, biological imaging, drug delivery, and cancer treatment. Knowledge about their potential toxicity and health impact is essential before these nanomaterials can be used in real clinical settings. Furthermore, the underlying interactions of these nanomaterials with physiological fluids is a key feature of understanding their biological impact, and these interactions can perhaps be exploited to mitigate unwanted toxic effects. In this Perspective we discuss recent results that address the toxicity of gold nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo, and we provide some experimental recommendations for future research at the interface of nanotechnology and biological systems.     

Sonoproduction of nanobiomaterials – A critical review

Ultrasound (US) demonstrates remarkable potential in synthesising nanomaterials, particularly nanobiomaterials targeted towards biomedical applications. This review briefly introduces existing top-down and bottom-up approaches for nanomaterials synthesis and their corresponding synthesis mechanisms, followed by the expounding of US-driven nanomaterials synthesis. Subsequently, the pros and cons of sono-nanotechnology and its advances in the synthesis of nanobiomaterials are drawn based on recent works. US-synthesised nanobiomaterials have improved properties and performance over conventional synthesis methods and most essentially eliminate the need for harsh and expensive chemicals. The sonoproduction of different classes and types of nanobiomaterials such as metal and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs), lipid- and carbohydrate-based NPs, protein microspheres, microgels and other nanocomposites are broadly categorised based on the physical and/or chemical effects induced by US. This review ends on a good note and recognises US-driven synthesis as a pragmatic solution to satisfy the growing demand for nanobiomaterials, nonetheless some technical challenges are highlighted.     

Fluorescent Metallic Nanoclusters: Electron Dynamics,Structure, and Applications

Atomically precise Au nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as fascinating fluorescent nanomaterials and attracted considerable research interest in both fundamental research and practical applications. Due to enhanced quantum confinement, they possess extraordinary optical, electronic, and magnetic properties and therefore are very promising for a wide range of applications, including biosensing, bioimaging, catalysis, photonics, and molecular electronics. Remarkable progress has been reported for the fundamental understanding, synthesis techniques, and applications. In this review, the updated advances are summarized in Au NCs, including synthesis techniques, optical properties, and applications. In particular, we focus on the optical properties and electron dynamic processes. In addition, the progress in other noble metallic NCs is included in this Review, such as Ag, Cu, Pt, and alloy, which have attracted much research interest recently. Finally, an outlook is presented for such fascinating nanomaterials in both aspects of future fundamental research and potential applications.     

Functional Fe–Pd nanomaterials synthesized by template-assisted methods

In this work, we highlight our recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of functional nanomaterials based on Fe–Pd ferromagnetic alloys by means of template-assisted deposition techniques employing highly ordered nanoporous alumina membranes, such as ordered arrays of nanowires and antidots thin films. Special attention is paid on their basic magnetic properties, such as coercivity, remanence and magnetic anisotropy, and their dependence on the microstructure and morphological parameters of the ordered arrays.     

无机纳米发光材料研究展望:如何走出自己的舒适区?

无机纳米发光材料由于其独特的发光性质,具有广泛的应用前景。本文结合作者的科研经历,展望了无机纳米发光材料未来的发展机遇和挑战,聚焦该领域前沿“痛点”和“冷门”,探讨研究工作如何面向国家重大需求。倡议科学家应走出自己的研究舒适区,树立自己的标签性工作,共同推进无机纳米发光材料研究的可持续发展。     

Sonochemical synthesis of carbon dots,mechanism, effect of parameters,and catalytic,energy, biomedical and tissue engineering applications

Carbon-based nanomaterials are gaining more and more interest because of their wide range of applications. Carbon dots (CDs) have shown exclusive interest due to unique and novel physicochemical, optical, electrical, and biological properties. Since their discovery, CDs became a promising material for wide range of research applications from energy to biomedical and tissue engineering applications. At same time several new methods have been developed for the synthesis of CDs. Compared to many of these methods, the sonochemical preparation is a green method with advantages such as facile, mild experimental conditions, green energy sources, and feasibility to formulate CDs and doped CDs with controlled physicochemical properties and lower toxicity. In the last five years, the sonochemically synthesized CDs were extensively studied in a wide range of applications. In this review, we discussed the sonochemical assisted synthesis of CDs, doped CDs and their nanocomposites. In addition to the synthetic route, we will discuss the effect of various experimental parameters on the physicochemical properties of CDs; and their applications in different research areas such as bioimaging, drug delivery, catalysis, antibacterial, polymerization, neural tissue engineering, dye absorption, ointments, electronic devices, lithium ion batteries, and supercapacitors. This review concludes with further research directions to be explored for the applications of sonochemical synthesized CDs.     

Impact of NaF mineralizer on cerium-containing nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal process

We report the preparation of cerium-containing nanoparticles by a simple yet efficient hydrothermal synthesis process using cerium resource and NaF mineralizer with no surfactant or template. We demonstrate that morphology and chemistry of the synthesized CeO₂ and CeF₃ nanomaterials can be manipulated via tuning concentration of the mineralizer NaF alone. The synthesis mechanism, chemical evolution, and optical properties of the harvested nanomaterials have also been investigated. The ceria and its hybrid system are found to exhibit an excellent UV-shielding capability, which provides further evidence that the mineralizer NaF is critical for governing the morphology and properties of the cerium-containing nanomaterials. Such a facile method to synthesize the functional nano-crystallites with tunable morphology and chemistry by tailoring the concentration of mineralizer alone should be applicable to other types of nanomaterials and relevant for a wide range of applications.     

State‐of‐the‐Art and Trends in Synthesis,Properties, and Application of Quantum Dots‐Based Nanomaterials

Quantum dots (QDs) with a nanoscale size range have attracted significant attention in various areas of nanotechnology due to their unique properties. Different strategies for the synthesis of QD nanoparticles are reported in which various factors, such as size, impurities, shape, and crystallinity, affect the QDs fundamental properties. Consequently, to obtain QDs with appropriate physical properties, it is required to select a synthesis method which allows enough control over the surface chemistry of QDs through fine‐tuning of the synthesis parameters. Moreover, QDs nanocrystals are recently used in multidisciplinary research integrated with biological interfaces. The state‐of‐the‐art methods for synthesizing QDs and bioconjugation strategies to provide insight into various applications of these nanomaterials are discussed herein.     

金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米光电材料的研究进展

金属卤化物钙钛矿广泛应用于太阳能电池、发光二极管和纳米激光器等领域,引起了科学家们极大的兴趣.纳米材料由于具有量子约束和较强的各项异性,表现出与普通块体材料不同的光学和电学性质.金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米材料具有可调节带隙、高量子效率、强的光致发光、量子约束效应和长的载流子寿命等优点,并且其成本低、储量丰富、易于合成多种化合物,有很广阔的光电应用前景.但另一方面,钙钛矿由于表面存在陷阱缺陷状态以及晶体边界导致稳定性较差,环境中的水、氧气、紫外线和温度等因素会使其光电性能大幅度降低.本文介绍量子点、纳米线、纳米片钙钛矿纳米材料的合成与生长机制,并且讨论其新奇的光电性能及在各种光电设备中的应用.最后总结了钙钛矿材料新出现的挑战并讨论了下一代金属卤化物钙钛矿光电设备应用.