基于Sagnac光纤干涉仪的管道泄漏检测和定位技术

研制了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的分布式光纤传感器,可实时进行管道泄漏检测与定位.阐述了该传感技术的工作原理和泄漏点定位方法,并推导了泄漏引起的光信号相位变化表达式。管道泄漏实验结果表明,水压为0.3MPa时,该技术能有效地检测到管道泄漏的发生并准确定位。     

基于容栅位移传感器的管路堵塞监测系统设计

现有的氮磷营养盐原位监测仪存在不足,其进样管路在受污染的水体中容易被堵塞,针对此问题提出了一种基于容栅位移传感器的管路堵塞监测系统。通过容栅位移传感器采集位移信号,经过滑动滤波以后输入STM32单片机处理,对数据分析处理后得到管路形变特征参数,进而判断管路堵塞状态,并启动滤膜更换装置更换过滤膜,排除堵塞保证机器顺利运行。系统测试和实验结果表明:容栅测位移法在非介入式管路堵塞测量中完全可行,为小管径胶管的在线堵塞检测提供了一种新的方法。     

偏振态对分布式光纤泄漏检测系统的影响研究

研制了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的直线型分布式光纤传感器,可实时进行管道泄漏检测与定位。分析和研究了该干涉仪的泄漏检测原理、泄漏源定位方法以及光偏振态对传感器性能的影响。当两束光偏振态相同时,系统具有最佳的性能;当两束光正交时,无法实现信号检测。管道泄漏的实验结果表明,该系统能较准确地确定泄漏源位置,且定位误差为0.69%。     

双包层单模光纤传感器及其在温度/湿度传感方面的应用

提出了一种双包层单模光纤传感器结构,根据波导理论推导出了光纤中导模变为泄漏模时,外包层折射率与双包层结构参量之间的关系,获得了这种光强调制型传感器可测量的折射率变化范围.利用已知热光系数的材料制作的温度传感器,从实验上证实了理论分析结果,并由理论与实验结果的分析得到了传感器的工作原理是:导模变为泄漏模后,输出光强与外包...     

单轴分布式光纤传感器管线泄漏探测方法及定位理论分析

利用Sagnac干涉原理的分布式光纤传感器是一种可用于长途油气管线侵入、泄漏探测和定位的新技术.为了克服屏蔽和隔离Sagnac光纤环中未用作传感的那一半光纤所带来的屏蔽困难、成本增加等问题，提出一种单轴分布式光纤传感器的方法.其原理是利用一条光纤代替光纤环，并在光纤尾端设置法拉第旋转镜，构成偏振无关Sagnac干涉仪探测和定位管线泄漏.文中详细分析和讨论了该方法的系统光路和探测定位原理.     

流体回路在轨泄漏检测与定位技术研究

流体回路是长期在轨飞行器较常用的主动热控制技术,通过泵强迫流体工质在设定的管道中循环流动进行可调节传热。在轨运行期间,流体外回路可能会因空间碎片撞击等多种因素而发生泄漏故障,从而影响整个回路的热控平衡,最终影响整个航天器的运行安全。通过对外回路的工质压力和温度特性进行仿真分析,提出采用RBF神经网络对压力、温度关键点数据进行反演,获得泄漏孔径大小和泄漏位置,从而对管路泄漏进行实时监测。     

基于分布式光纤传感阵列的管网泄漏监测系统研究

复杂液压管网的泄漏检测是液压系统面临的难点之一.采用LabVIEW与FoxPro数据库结合的方法,开发了阵列式光纤传感管网泄漏监测系统软件.该软件控制NI公司数据采集卡PXI-6133采集经调制后的光纤传感器干涉信号,再对获得的信号进行降噪处理,根据降噪后的波形是否出现零点频率判断管道是否泄漏并进行报警;该系统还可实时...     

基于分布式光纤传感器的管道安全检测

输油管道在运行时存在着泄漏、堵塞等不安全事件,利用分布式光纤传感器检测管道泄漏、堵塞信号,可以实时检测管道沿途所发生的不安全事件.利用相关性法确定两个测试信号的延时便可计算不安全事件发生的位置.阐述了该检测方法的原理及定位方法,通过理论分析及试验表明该方法可以提高管道不安全测试的定位精度及灵敏度.     

一种用于高压输气管道泄漏检测的次声传感器的研究

研究了一种用于检测高压输气管道泄漏次声波的次声传感器。针对管道泄漏频带宽,频率低的特点,该次声传感器换能元件选用电容式传声器,设计了一个前端耐压壳,将前端敏感单元与前置放大器隔离,可耐12 MPa静态压力;通过对比信号放大电路,实现了对调制电路优化设计,使得在1 Hz以下频段仍有较高灵敏度,传感器自噪声降低;该传感器只对声波敏感,对振动的灵敏度平均值1 mV/g,具有很好的抗振动干扰性能。测试结果表明：该传感器能有效地检测到声波信号,频率响应范围0.5 Hz至300 Hz,覆盖了管道泄漏次声频带和低频可听声频段,不放大的Ⅰ档灵敏度200 mV/Pa,Ⅱ档和Ⅲ档分别将信号放大5倍和20倍,输出信号的自噪声小于15 mV,该传感器可适用于天然气输气管道的泄漏监测。     

基于光时域反射计的全分布式光纤漏油传感器

报道了一种基于光时域反射计的全分布式光纤漏油传感器,该传感器能实现分布式实时监测长输油管道,及时发现小型的漏油事件.传感器沿管道铺设,利用光时域反射计实时测量光纤在长度上的损耗变化特点,及时发现并定位管道上的每一处泄漏事件.模拟实验证明了其实际操作的可行性,长期使用的稳定性和各种抗干扰性,能在15 min内发现并定位漏油事件,且定位准确度为3 m.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.