共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
《物理学报》2016,(16)
热声技术以无运动部件和采用与环境友好的工质这两个突出特点,催生着动力和机械装置的重大变革.量子力学是揭示微观世界本质规律的有力工具,为了揭示热声微循环的本质规律,根据量子力学基本原理对量子热声微循环的优化性能进行了较深入的研究.把热声微团看作是许多服从量子力学规律的热声子,建立了热声微循环的量子力学理论模型.借助于二能级谐振子系统薛定谔方程的能量解以及Gibbs热平衡概率分布导出了量子热声微循环输出功率、热效率以及临界温度梯度的解析表达式,得到了无量纲输出功率和热效率的优化关系.量子热声微循环输出功率关于热效率、高温端温度和低温端温度都存在极大值.所得结果不但为热声理论提供了一个新的研究方法,而且拓宽了量子热力学的应用领域. 相似文献
2.
3.
声子和温度对球型量子点中极化子性质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用求解能量本征方程、幺正变换及变分相结合的方法,研究声子和温度对球型量子点中极化子性质的影响.数值计算表明,声子效应导致极化子的基态能量低于电子能量,且极化子基态能量随电子-声子耦合强度的增大而降低.数值计算还表明,当温度较低,使得电子热运动能量小于声子能量时,声子不会被激发,极化子的基态能量不随温度的变化而变化;在温度较高,使得电子热运动能量大于声子能量时,电子和晶格热运动加剧,更多的声子被激发.极化子的基态能量随温度的升高而增大. 相似文献
4.
采用数值方法模拟了强弱两种阻尼条件下传热迟滞时间对一维Rijke管热声系统稳定性的影响,发现Rijke管系统存在稳定性切换现象.在推导了无量纲形式的管内声波动量方程和能量方程之后,利用Galerkin方法对控制方程进行展开并在时间域内数值求解.分析了强阻尼和弱阻尼条件下,给定热源的Rijke管热声振荡的稳定性与传热迟滞时间的关系.结果显示:在两类阻尼条件下,持续增大传热与速度的迟滞时间,系统均呈现出稳定性切换现象,即系统在稳定和不稳定两个状态间持续转变;但弱阻尼系统的不稳定区域宽于强阻尼系统的不稳定区域,系统最大振幅相对增大,且系统热声振荡的主模态在不同模态之间发生转换.最后,通过求解系统各阶模态极限环幅值随传热迟滞时间的变化,发现Rijke管热声振荡稳定性切换现象与迟滞时间存在近似周期性关系. 相似文献
5.
6.
热声发动机作为一种完全没有运动部件的能量转化和传输机械具有广阔的应用前景.为了提高热声发动机的驱动性能,本文采用变负载法对热声发动机性能的影响因素进行了实验研究.实验结果表明,负载的阻力和容抗对热声发动机的加热温度、压比和声功引出有重要影响.同时,实验中还发现了能够使热声发动机瞬时消振和起振的实验方法,将极大方便对热声发动机的开关控制. 相似文献
7.
8.
本文采用基于压力修正算法的可压缩交变流动程序,采用适体坐标生成网格,AUSM 格式离散N-S方程和能量方程,计算了二维基本型热声制冷机板叠内的流动与换热情况,探讨了板叠附近的温度随时间的变化,分析了周期时均能量.由模拟结果可以看出,在气体冷端,能量由气体进入板叠,时均能量为正,在气体热端,能量由板叠进入气体,时均能量为负,板叠热端的时均能量稍大于板叠冷端的时均能量,板叠产生了冷量.但与输入功相比,板叠产生的冷量较小,因此系统的内能增加,气体冷端的温度增加.并且随着板叠的厚度的增加,板叠冷热端温差先增大后减小,并存在最佳板叠厚度使得冷热端的温差达到最大. 相似文献
9.
10.
微波热声成像技术具有非侵入式、高对比度、高分辨率和低成本等优点而日益受到重视, 基于以上特点该技术有望发展成为早期乳腺癌常规或者辅助筛查手段. 本文基于脉冲微波热声成像系统, 利用软件仿真和对装有饱和盐水的塑料管阵列进行三维热声成像, 对脉冲微波辐射场的空间分布进行了理论和实验研究, 其中: 塑料管阵列为直径3 mm, 间隔8 mm的9×9方形结构. 仿真和实验结果表明距离天线越远脉冲能量覆盖范围越大, 能被有效成像的塑料管数目越多; 塑料管阵列的热声成像结果为3.1 mm直径, 7.7 mm间距. 本文验证了微波热声成像技术对脉冲微波辐射场空间分布的成像能力, 对解决定量热声成像技术中微波场能量分布不均匀问题的研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
11.
The mean flow of gas in a pipe past a cavity can excite the resonant acoustic modes of the cavity--much like blowing across the top of a bottle. The periodic shedding of vortices from the leading edge of the mouth of the cavity feeds energy into the acoustic modes which, in turn, affect the shedding of the next vortex. This so-called aeroacoustic whistle can excite very high amplitude acoustic standing waves within a cavity defined by coaxial side branches closed at their ends. The amplitude of these standing waves can easily be 20% of the ambient pressure at optimal gas flow rates and ambient pressures within the main pipe. A standing wave thermoacoustic heat pump is a device which utilizes the in-phase pressure and displacement oscillations to pump heat across a porous medium thereby establishing, or maintaining, a temperature gradient. Experimental results of a combined system of aeroacoustic sound source and a simple thermoacoustic stack will be presented. 相似文献
12.
In an open cycle traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, the hot heat exchanger is replaced by a steady flow of hot gas into the regenerator to provide the thermal energy input to the engine. The steady-state operation of such a device requires that a potentially large mean temperature difference exist between the incoming gas and the solid material at the regenerator's hot side, due in part to isentropic gas oscillations in the open space adjacent to the regenerator. The magnitude of this temperature difference will have a significant effect on the efficiencies of these open cycle devices. To help assess the feasibility of such thermoacoustic engines, a numerical model is developed that predicts the dependence of the mean temperature difference upon the important design and operating parameters of the open cycle thermoacoustic engine, including the acoustic pressure, mean mass flow rate, acoustic phase angles, and conductive heat loss. Using this model, it is also shown that the temperature difference at the regenerator interface is approximately proportional to the sum of the acoustic power output and the conductive heat loss at this location. 相似文献
13.
14.
文中主要对回热器中的能流及其能流分量进行了模拟 ,并在此基础上分析了能流及其分量对热声热机的影响 ,为更深地理解热声热机中所发生的能量转换现象 ,更好地设计热声热机提供有价值的依据和参考。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
The flow field and the energy transport near thermoacoustic couples are simulated using a 2D full Navier-Stokes solver. The thermoacoustic couple plate is maintained at a constant temperature; plate lengths, which are "short" and "long" compared with the particle displacement lengths of the acoustic standing waves, are tested. Also investigated are the effects of plate spacing and the amplitude of the standing wave. Results are examined in the form of energy vectors, particle paths, and overall entropy generation rates. These show that a net heat-pumping effect appears only near the edges of thermoacoustic couple plates, within about a particle displacement distance from the ends. A heat-pumping effect can be seen even on the shortest plates tested when the plate spacing exceeds the thermal penetration depth. It is observed that energy dissipation near the plate increases quadratically as the plate spacing is reduced. The results also indicate that there may be a larger scale vortical motion outside the plates which disappears as the plate spacing is reduced. 相似文献
18.
The flow inside a thermoacoustic couple is investigated experimentally using particle image velocimetry. Measurements show the oscillation of the shear layers flowing out of a single stack, thus forming an asymmetric vortex street at high driving amplitudes. Development of vortices is also observed within the gap of a thermoacoustic couple. It causes the flow not to repeat from one acoustic period to another. The nonperiodicity of the flow will lead to unsteady heat transfer between the stack and heat exchangers and to the oscillation of the cooling load. 相似文献
19.