Aggregation kinetics of thermal double donors in silicon

A general kinetic model based on accurate density-functional-theoretic total-energy calculations is introduced to describe the aggregation kinetics of oxygen-related thermal double donors (TDD's) in silicon. The calculated kinetics, which incorporates the reactions of associations, dissociations, and isomerizations of all relevant oxygen complexes, is in agreement with experimental annealing studies. The aggregation of TDD's takes place through parallel-consecutive reactions where both mobile oxygen dimers and fast migrating chainlike TDD's capture interstitial oxygen atoms.     

The structure and bonding of furan on Pd(111)

The structure and bonding of molecular furan, C₄H₄O, on Pd(111) has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the results compared with those of a recent experimental investigation using scanned-energy mode photoelectron diffraction (PhD). The DFT results confirm the orientation of the molecular plane to be essentially parallel to the surface and show a clear energetic preference for one of the two possible structures identified in the PhD study, namely that with the molecule centred over the hollow sites of the surface. Two slightly different geometries at the hollow sites are found to be essentially energetically equivalent; in both cases, one Pd surface atom bonds to two C atoms, while two other Pd atoms each bond to one C atom. These structures differ in that in one case the pair of C atoms bonding to a single Pd atom are both β-C (C atoms not bonded to O in the furan molecule), whereas in the second case this pair of C atoms comprises one β-C and one α-C (adjacent to the O atom in furan). In both structures the C–Pd bonding is accompanied by displacements of the H and O atoms away from the surface and out of the molecular plane and local C–Pd coordination consistent with a rehybridisation of the C bonding to sp³ character.     

Al_2S_n~±(n=2—10)团簇结构特征和稳定性的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-311G**水平上对Al2S±n(n=2—10)团簇的几何结构和电子结构进行了理论计算.讨论了铝硫二元离子混合团簇基态结构的变化规律、电荷转移和成键特征.结果表明,在S簇中掺杂Al原子会使Sn结构发生明显改变.Al2S±n团簇基态结构是以Al2S2四元环为骨架或桥梁,分别与S原子或S簇相结合形成单环到三环的平面和立体结构.结构中化学键键型和成键数目影响团簇的稳定性.通过对基态结构的解离能和能量二次差分值的分析得到了Al2S±n团簇的稳定性信息.     

过渡金属掺杂氧化锌团簇的物性研究

本文采用第一性原理密度泛函理论研究了过渡金属（TM）原子Cr和Fe单掺杂和双掺杂(ZnO)12团簇的结构和磁性质。我们考虑了替代掺杂和间隙掺杂。结果表明Cr 和 Fe间隙掺杂团簇结构最稳定。团簇磁矩主要来自TM原子3d态的贡献,4s 和4p 态也贡献了一小部分磁矩。由于轨道杂化,相邻的Zn和O原子上也产生少量自旋。最近邻TM原子间的磁性耦合,主要由两个TM原子之间的直接短程铁磁耦合和TM和O原子之间通过p-d杂化产生的反铁磁耦合这两种相互作用的竞争来决定。不同TM原子掺杂团簇的总磁矩与TM原子种类以及掺杂位置有关,说明在(ZnO)12团簇中掺杂不同TM原子在可调磁矩的磁性材料的领域有潜在应用价值。     

Analysis of structural and electronic properties of Pr(2)NiO(4) through first-principles calculations

The structural and electronic properties of bulk Pr(2)NiO(4+δ) (δ?=?0 and 0.031) were analyzed using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) for application to electrode materials in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Two structures of Pr(2)NiO(4) were analyzed: one in space group I4/mmm associated with the high temperature tetragonal (HTT) structure, and the other in Bmab with the low temperature orthorhombic (LTO) structure. The main difference between the two structures is the pronounced tilting of the nickelate octahedra found in the Bmab structure. Here, we will show that the difference in the electronic properties between the two structures, i.e.?half-metallic for the I4/mmm structure and metallic for the Bmab structure, is attributed to the tilting of the nickelate octahedra. Furthermore, we found that the presence of interstitial O atoms at the Pr(2)O(2) bilayers is responsible for the tilting of the octahedra and thus is a dominant factor in the transition from the I4/mmm structure to the Bmab structure. These results would be of great significance to materials design related to the enhancement of O diffusivity in this material.     

A model for the stabilization of atomic hydrogen centers in borate glasses

A previously proposed model describing the trapping site of the interstitial atomic hydrogen in borate glasses is analyzed. In this model the atomic hydrogen is stabilized at the centers of oxygen polygons belonging to B–O ring structures in the glass network by van der Waals forces. The previously reported atomic hydrogen isothermal decay experimental data are discussed in the light of this microscopic model. A coupled differential equation system of the observed decay kinetics was solved numerically using the Runge Kutta method. The experimental untrapping activation energy of 0.7×10⁻¹⁹ J is in good agreement with the calculated results of dispersion interaction between the stabilized atomic hydrogen and the neighboring oxygen atoms at the vertices of hexagonal ring structures.     

陕北侏罗纪富镜煤和富惰煤分子结构的FTIR，XPS和13C NMR表征

侏罗纪优质煤炭资源为煤制油、制气等清洁高效利用提供了丰富的物质基础,其显微组分以富集惰质组为特征,而镜质组与惰质组大分子结构在很大程度上决定了煤的物理化学性质和工艺性能,进而决定了煤炭资源的综合利用效率及附加值。采集并制备了陕北侏罗纪煤田小保当煤矿和柠条塔煤矿的原煤(XR)、富镜质组煤(XV、NV)和富惰质组煤(XI、NI)样品,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、固体13C核磁共振谱(13C NMR)等手段,结合煤质分析结果,定量表征了不同显微组分富集物分子结构的差异。研究结果表明：XI和NI煤中芳烃结构芳环取代程度低,主要以3个相邻、4~5个相邻的氢原子形式存在,苯环上氢原子较少被其他官能团取代,同时其结构中芳烃C═C骨架振动明显,脂肪结构中亚甲基伸缩振动强度较低,并且甲基含量略高于富镜煤,C═O基团相对含量略高,表明富惰煤有较多含氧桥键相连的芳香结构,其结构中脂族链、脂环基团脱落、断裂以及芳烃富集,支链相对较少且长度较短,芳碳率、芳香度、芳环缩合程度及成熟度较高。XV和NV煤中表面结构中碳的赋存形态“C—C,C—H”,“C—O”的相对含量高于富惰煤,反映其结构中应含较多的芳环取代的脂肪族侧链,XI和NI煤表面结构中氧的赋存形态以“C—O”为主,“C═O”和“COO—”明显高于富镜煤。XV和XI煤的芳碳率分别为57.91%和66.02%,脂甲基碳分别为10.02%和7.84%,质子化芳碳为非质子化芳碳的两倍,XV煤的羰基和羧基碳相对含量较高,两者桥碳和周碳之比分别为0.25和0.40,芳香核结构平均缩合环数分别为2.68和3.03,平均尺寸分别为0.448和0.676 nm,XI煤结构中芳香核以萘和蒽为主,支链化度L_γ分别为0.22和0.19,表明XV比XI存在较多脂肪侧链、饱和环结构,生烃(油)潜力大。     

Ordering in V-O and V-N solid solutions: Computer simulation

The atomic structures of interstitial solid solutions O and N in V at relatively low concentrations O(N)/V = 1/16 or 1/8 are calculated using the Monte Carlo method. A combined model of long-range interaction between interstitial atoms is employed. The first 12 shells contain ab initio energies and the energies in shells 13–18 are calculated on the basis of a phenomenological model of deformation interaction. The ordered solid solutions are long-period structures with body-centered tetragonal crystal lattices and tetragonality c/a < 1.     

表面氧钝化碳化硅纳米团簇电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)和广义梯度近似(GGA),对氧钝化条件下4H-SiC纳米团簇的电子结构和光学性质进行了研究。计算了不同直径的4H-SiC纳米球氧钝化后的能带结构、电子态密度和光学性质。团簇的尺度在0.4~0.9 nm之间,构建表面仅存在硅氧双键和表面仅存在碳氧双键的两种模型。研究表明硅氧双键和碳氧双键所引起的缺陷态位于原4H-SiC的价带和导带之间,并且缺陷态与价带顶的能量差随纳米团簇颗粒直径的增大而减小;缺陷态主要是由Si原子外层电子和氧原子外层电子轨道杂化引起的。同时,由于氧的存在,对碳化硅的结构产生一定的影响,这也是缺陷态形成的一个原因。另外,碳氧双键和硅氧双键钝化对4H-SiC纳米团簇的光学性质有着不同的影响。在表面仅存在C=O的情况下,4H-SiC纳米团簇表现出各向同性的性质。在表面仅存在Si=O的情况下,4H-SiC纳米团簇表现出各向异性的性质。     

铝阳极氧化过程中氢对氧迁移影响的理论研究

为了研究铝阳极氧化过程中离子在阳极反应中的行为,利用第一性原理研究了氢原子对氧原子在铝(111)表面的吸附迁移行为的影响及氧原子向铝晶体内部的渗透行为的影响.结果表明,由于“抽象”(abstract)效应,氢原子的存在大大降低了氧进入铝晶体的能垒.氢原子的引入也影响了氧原子在铝晶体中的扩散,这可以显著降低氧原子在四面体间隙位置之间迁移的活化能(从1.23eV到0.35eV).这些结论助于我们了解阳极氧化过程和离子迁移过程.     

SIA energetic and structural morphology of α-iron

In this paper, the stability of various atomic configurations containing a self-interstitial atom (SIA) in a model representing α-iron is investigated. From the energy panorama maps of the SIA located in possible non-equivalent interstitial sites, six relatively stable self-interstitial sites are found, whose structures and formation energies have been described and calculated using the modified analytical embedded atom method and molecular dynamics. The simulation results indicate that the [110] dumbbell interstitial is the energetically most favorable configuration, which is in good agreement with the experimental and ab initio results, and the distances between two displaced atoms that compose the [100], [110] and [111] direction dumbbells have been computed to be 0.68a, 0.65a and 0.29a, respectively, not all being about 0.75a apart. The relaxed displacements up to the fifth-nearest-neighbor atoms around the SIA in O interstitial position are also calculated.     

Is the established structure of α-rhombohedral boron correct? Comparative study of IR-active phonons with B6O, B4.3C and β-rhombohedral boron

The established structure of α-rhombohedral boron, based on one B(12) icosahedron per unit cell only, is put in question. A careful evaluation of the IR-active phonons in comparison with B(6)O, B(4.3)C and β-rhombohedral boron makes it evident that-aside from the B(12) icosahedra-the α-rhombohedral boron structure also contains single boron atoms. We assume these single atoms replace the currently assumed inter-icosahedral three-centre-bonds by covalently saturating the outward directing bonds of the equatorial atoms of the three adjacent icosahedra. Indeed, the implied structure formula B(12)B(2) is not supported by previous density measurements. The IR-phonon spectra of the related structures are correlated and merely shifted relative to one another; significant features depend quantitatively on the actual structure, but they can be easily allocated.     

FT-IR、XPS和DFT研究乙酰氧肟酸钠在针铁矿或赤铁矿表面的吸附机理

采用FT-IR、X射线光电子能谱以及基于周期平面波的DFT方法分别研究了乙酰氧肟酸钠(aHA)在针铁矿或赤铁矿表面上的吸附结构,并将计算得到的光电子能谱移动和电荷转移实验得到的XPS结果进行对比.红外结果显示aHA可能以五元环螯合物形式吸附于针铁矿或赤铁矿表面,DFT计算结果表明aHA中氧肟酸基团的两个氧原子与针铁矿(101)或(100)表面上的一个铁原子形成五元环结构,同时氧肟酸基团中的两个氧还相应的与针铁矿表面邻近两个铁原子成键,但氧肟酸基团中的两个氧原子却只与赤铁矿(001)表面上的一个铁原子形成五元环结构.对于针铁矿(101)、(100)和赤铁矿(001)表面上吸附位点对应的铁原子,计算得到的光电子能谱移动与实验得到的光电子能谱移动基本相等,说明了计算结果的可靠性和所得吸附结构的合理性.     

Local electronic structure of near oxygen dopants: a window on the high-Tc pairing mechanism

The cuprate material (Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O-2212) is believed to be doped by a combination of cation switching and excess oxygen. The interstitial oxygen dopants are of particular interest because scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments have shown that they are positively correlated with the local value of the superconducting gap, and calculations suggest that the fundamental attraction between electrons is modulated locally. In this work, we use density functional theory to try to ascertain which locations in the crystal are energetically most favorable for the O dopant atoms, and how the surrounding cage of atoms deforms. Our results provide support for the identification of STM resonances at -1 with dopant interstitial O atoms, and show how the local electronic structure is modified nearby.     

VO_2晶体电子结构及其掺杂的第一性原理研究

运用密度泛函平面波赝势(PWP)和广义梯度近似(GGA)方法,对二氧化钒(VO2)两种不同晶体电子结构进行了计算.研究了低温单斜晶型和高温四方晶型结构的VO2电子态密度(DOS)和能带(energyband)结构,通过分析发现,四方晶的金属性比较明显,这是由于电子态密度和能带结构分析结果表明不同特性产生的原因是V原子的3d电子贡献不同导致的.本文中我们还将部分O原子替换为F原子后对单斜晶替位掺杂进行了的计算讨论,本文的计算结果都较好地符合实验结果,表明密度泛函平面波赝势和广义梯度近似方法可以用来描述VO2的结构和性质.我们认为,这种方法应用于描述氧化物的电子结构和性质是一种新的探索.     

LEED analysis of the Co{001}c(2 × 2)O structure

A LEED intensity analysis of the c(2 × 2) structure obtained upon adsorption of oxygen gas on Co {00l} is reported. Three structural models have been tested on the basis of a total of 13 LEED spectra for three angles of incidence and one azimuth. The correct model has oxygen atoms chemisorbed in the four-fold symmetrical hollows formed by four adjacent substrate atoms. Atomic arrangement and metal-oxygen distances are analogous to those found in Ni{001}c(2 × 2)O.     

Hydrogen complexes in hydrogenated silicon

Experimental evidence suggests that H bonds to a fully coordinated Si network in pairs. The total energies and vibration frequencies of various possible pair configurations are calculated using a local density pseudopotential method on supercells. The H^*₂configuration, consisting of a bond centered H and a H located at an adjacent antibonding site, is found to be low in energy and more importantly, these H^*₂configurations bind together with as much as 0.4 eV/pair forming Si>{111} platelet structures. Metastability can also be accounted for when the H^*₂dissociates creating two interstitial H atoms which diffuse to form Si dangling bond-like defects at weak bond sites. Annealing occurs when the H atoms reform complexes.     

Mechanism for the enhanced diffusion of charged oxygen ions in SiO2

Based on real-space multigrid electronic structure calculations, we find that a double Si-O-Si bridge structure is the lowest energy configuration of interstitial oxygen ions (O(-) and O(2-)) in SiO2, where two additional Si-O bonds are formed with almost no interaction between the interstitial and host O atoms, while the peroxy linkage is the most stable structure for neutral interstitial O. We propose a diffusion mechanism of interstitial O ions generated from molecular O2 under UV radiation, and find extremely low energy barriers of 0.11--0.27 eV for migration in the form of the double-bridge structure, in good agreement with enhanced oxidation experiments.     

Fe掺杂ZnTe团簇结构和磁性质

本文采用第一性原理密度泛函理论系统的研究了Fe原子单掺杂和双掺杂(ZnTe)12团簇的结构和磁性质。我们考虑了替代掺杂和间隙掺杂。不管是单掺杂还是双掺杂,间隙掺杂团簇都是最稳定结构。团簇磁矩主要来自Fe-3d态的贡献,4s 和4p 态也贡献了一小部分磁矩。由于轨道杂化,相邻的Zn和Te原子上也产生少量自旋。最重要的是,我们指出间隙双掺杂团簇是铁磁耦合,在纳米量子器件有潜在的应用价值。     

Fe掺杂ZnTe团簇结构和磁性质

本文采用第一性原理密度泛函理论系统的研究了Fe原子单掺杂和双掺杂（ ZnTe）12团簇的结构和磁性质。我们考虑了替代掺杂和间隙掺杂。不管是单掺杂还是双掺杂,间隙掺杂团簇都是最稳定结构。团簇磁矩主要来自Fe－3d态的贡献,4s和4p态也贡献了一小部分磁矩。由于轨道杂化,相邻的Zn和Te原子上也产生少量自旋。最重要的是,我们指出间隙双掺杂团簇是铁磁耦合,在纳米量子器件有潜在的应用价值。