1H MRS评价长期胰岛素治疗1型糖尿病大鼠海马代谢物的变化

本研究应用质子磁共振波谱（¹H MRS）技术对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的1型糖尿病（T1DM）大鼠及长期胰岛素治疗的T1DM大鼠单侧海马的代谢物进行了分析. 结果发现,与对照组大鼠及胰岛素治疗组大鼠相比,T1DM模型组大鼠空腹血糖显著升高,体重显著降低（p < 0.05）.T1DM模型组肌醇（Ins）、牛磺酸（Tau）与谷氨酸（Glu）浓度较对照组显著升高（p = 0.000、p = 0.003、p = 0.014）.胰岛素治疗组Ins与Tau浓度较T1DM模型组显著降低（p = 0.000、p = 0.010）,与对照组无差别;而Glu、谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺（Glx）浓度较对照组显著升高（p = 0.007、p = 0.042）.本文结果表明T1DM大鼠海马区代谢物Ins浓度与Tau浓度对胰岛素治疗敏感.     

富勒烯衍生物C60（CF3）n（n=2，4，6，10）几何结构和电子性质变化规律的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似对C₆₀（CF₃）_n （n=2,4,6,10）几何结构和电子性质的变化规律进行了计算研究.发现在C₆₀（CF₃）₄可能稳定存在的三种同分异构体中,具有p p p加成方式的衍生物热力学性质最为稳定;在C₆₀（CF₃）₆可能稳定存在的三种同分异构体中,具有p p p m p加成方式的衍生物热力学性质最为稳定.对C₆₀（CF₃）₂,C₆₀（CF₃）₄,C₆₀（CF₃）₆和C₆₀（CF₃）₁₀四种加成衍生物的几何结构分析可知：随着CF₃加成个数的增加,C₆₀中的C—C平均键长逐渐变大,笼子与CF₃之间连接键C_C60—C_CF3逐渐变大.对它们的电子结构分析可知,随着CF₃加成数目的增多,反应热几乎是线性增加.而C₆₀（CF₃）_n（n=2,4,6,10）分子的平均反应热在n=6处为极大值,说明C₆₀（CF₃）₆应该是最容易得到的加成产物.由Mulliken电荷可知,加成的CF₃个数越多,CF₃与笼子的相互作用也就越强,每个CF₃转移到笼子上电荷数也就越多.C₆₀（CF₃）_n的自旋聚居数分布表明它们均为闭壳层结构.最后,从CF₃对分子的前线轨道贡献可知,四种分子的得电子情况和失电子情况均发生在碳笼本身,并不随着CF₃个数的增加而发生明显的改变. 关键词： 60（CF₃）_n （n=2')" href="#">C₆₀（CF₃）_n （n=2 10） 几何结构和电子性质 密度泛函     

MRISim:磁共振成像仿真实验软件包

本文基于数值计算模拟技术,开发了模拟磁共振成像（MRI）数据采集与图像重建的仿真软件包——MRISim.虚拟数据采集部分通过对设备硬件、样品（标样或人体部位）进行物理数学建模后,构建原始模拟信号,并填充k空间,然后再基于k空间数据实现磁共振图像重建.该软件可以通过参数的任意调节对影响磁共振图像质量的因素进行可视化分析,包括11种常见伪影的特征和成因分析.我们的研究表明应用该仿真软件可以弥补台式MRI扫描仪价格昂贵、实验时间长等不足之处,实现对相关科技人员的批量化、规模化的实践操作培训.     

InGaAs/GaAs量子点阵列中的能级计算

根据八带k·p理论，在三维InGaAs/GaAs量子点阵列中求解k_x=k_y=k_z=0处的有效质量哈密顿H₀的本征值，得到InGaAs量子点中导带中电子基态E_C1，第一激发态E_C2和重空穴态E_{HH1关键词： InGaAs 量子点 带内跃迁 k·p理论')" href="#">八带k·p理论}     

用MRI无损检测胆囊中的胆汁成

为了探索用磁共振成象方法无损伤检测胆囊中的胆汁成分的可能性,我们用0.5T的磁共振成象仪,对38例禁食期胆囊疾病患者(12例急性无并发症胆囊炎及胆结石,1例化浓性胆囊炎,2例急性出血性胆囊炎,14例慢性胆囊炎及胆结石,5例胆囊息肉,4例障碍性黄疸进行了轴向腹部胆囊部位T1-加权自旋-回波成象.结果表明:禁食或胆囊疾病患者胆汁中胆固醇(p=0.014),脂肪酸(p=0.001),和铁(p<0.001)的浓度对T₁-加权成象(TR/TE=620/25ms)的肝-胆信号强度比有明显的负影响,同时发现总蛋白质,总胆红素及Na⁺,K⁺,Cl^-,Mg⁺⁺离子的浓度对肝-胆MRI信号强度比无显著影响,由此可见,T₁-加权MRI中的肝-胆信号强度比反映了胆囊中的胆汁成分,其中影响肝-胆信号强度比的最重要因素是胆囊中胆汁所含胆固醇、脂肪酸和铁的浓度.     

一类相空间中的准几率分布函数系

定义了一类相空间中的准几率分布函数系，这个准几率分布函数系直接建立在具有更加广泛意义的量子相空间Schr?dinger方程解的基础之上，其中定义_α=αp-i?q和_α=(1-α)q+i?p.发现了两个有趣的关系.(1)建立的量子相空间Schr?dinger方程的解实际上是对函数φ(λ)exp［i(1-α)qp］做窗口Fourier变换.(2)这个窗口函数g(λ)起着选择窗口形式的作用，而且不同的窗口对应着不同的分布函数.当g(λ)是一个代表Gauss窗的Gauss函数的时候，准几率分布函数就是一个类似于Husimi的分布函数f^HL_α(q,p)；当g(λ)是一个表示椭圆的复函数时，准几率分布函数就是一个椭圆分布函数f^E_α(q,p)；再在g(λ)为复函数的基础上附加α=0，就可得到标准序分布函数f^S(q,p)、反标准序分布函数f^AS(q,p)和Wigner分布函数f^W(q,p)，此时g(λ)表示高度为1/12π?而长度为λ的矩形窗. 关键词： 窗口Fourier变换 相空间 Wigner分布函数     

基于反转恢复技术的水脂分离磁共振成像方法

提出了使用反转恢复技术获得独立的水和脂肪图像的磁共振成像（MRI）方法. 该方法利用水和脂肪T₁值的差异,在施加选择性180°准备脉冲后, 采用不同的反转恢复时间（T_I）2次采集MRI图像,计算出水和脂肪的信号贡献,获得水和脂肪独立的2套图像. 该方法可对水和脂肪进行良好的分离,避免常规水脂分离方法Dixon技术偶发的水-脂互换伪影的产生,同时,可避开相位校正,因此可使计算过程更为简单稳定.     

Si/SiGe量子级联激光器的能带设计

详细论述Si/SiGe量子级联激光器的工作原理，通过对比找到一组合适的Si，Ge和SiGe合金的能带参数，进而应用6×6 k·p方法计算了不同阱宽、不同Ge组分Si/Si_1-xGe_x/Si量子阱价带量子化的空穴能级本征值及其色散关系，分析Si/Si_1-xGe_x/Si量子阱空穴态能级间距随阱宽和组分的变化规律，最后应用计算结果讨论了Si/SiGe量子级联激光器有源区的能带设计，有益于优化Si /SiGe量子级联激光器结构. 关键词： 硅锗材料 量子级联激光器 子带跃迁 k·p方法')" href="#">k·p方法     

Cu1-xHxZr2(PO4)3中Cu2+的EPR谱和局域结构研究

本文采用Cu²⁺斜方对称电子顺磁共振（EPR）参量的高阶微扰公式计算了晶体Cu_1-xH_xZr₂（PO₄）₃中Cu²⁺的EPR参量（g因子和超精细结构常数A因子）．计算结果表明，晶体Cu_1-xH_xZr₂（PO₄）₃中[CuO₆]^10-基团的Cu-O键长分别为R_||≈0.241 nm，R_⊥≈0.215 nm，平面键角τ≈80.1°；由于对称性降低，中心金属离子基态²A_1g（θ）和²A_1g（ε）有一定程度混合，混合系数α≈0.995．所得EPR谱图的理论计算值与实验数据符合得很好．     

CS-MRI 中评价随机欠采样矩阵的新方法

在压缩感知-磁共振成像(CS-MRI)中,随机欠采样矩阵与重建图像质量密切相关．而选取随机欠采样矩阵一般是通过计算点扩散函数(PSF),以可能产生的伪影的最大值为评价参数,评估欠采样对图像重建的影响,然而最大值只反应了伪影的最坏情况．该文引入了两种新的统计学评价参数平均值(MV)和标准差(SD),其中平均值评估了伪影的平均大小,标准差可以反映伪影的波动情况．该文分别使用这3种参数对小鼠和人体脑部MRI数据以不同的采样比率进行CS图像重建,实验结果表明,当采样比率不低于4倍稀疏度时,使用平均值获得了质量更优的重建图像．因此,通过稀疏度先验知识指导合理选取采样比率,并以平均值为评价参数选取随机欠采样矩阵,能够获得更优的CS-MRI重建图像．
     

On- and off-resonance spin-lock MR imaging of normal human brain at 0.1 T: possibilities to modify image contrast

The aim of the present investigation was to determine spin lock (SL) relaxation parameters for the normal brain tissues and thus, to provide basis for optimizing the imaging contrast at 0.1 T. 68 healthy volunteers were included. On-resonance spin lock relaxation time (T_1ρ) and off-resonance spin lock relaxation parameters (T_1ρ^off, M_e/M_o), MT parameters (T_1sat, M_s/M_o), and T₁, T₂ were determined for the cortical gray matter, and for the frontal and parietal white matters. The T_1ρ for the frontal and parietal white matters ranged from 110 to 133 ms and from 122 to 155 ms with locking field strengths from 50 μT to 250 μT, respectively. Accordingly, the values for the gray matter ranged from 127 to 155 ms. With a locking field strength of 50 μT, T_1ρ^off for the frontal and parietal white matters were from 114 to 217 ms and from 126 to 219 ms, and for the gray matter from 136 to 267 ms with the angle between the effective magnetic field (B_eff) and the z-axis (θ) ranging from 60° to 15°, respectively. The T_1ρ of the white and gray matters increased significantly with increasing locking field amplitude (p < 0.001). The T_1ρ^off decreased significantly with increasing θ (p < 0.001). T_1ρ and T_1ρ^off with θ ≥ 30° were statistically significantly shorter in the frontal than in the parietal white matters (p < 0.05). The duration, amplitude and θ of the locking pulse provide additional parameters to optimize contrast in brain SL imaging.     

The Arnol''d cat: Failure of the correspondence principle

The classical Hamiltonian H = p²/2m + ε(q²/2)Σδ[s-(t/T)] has an integrable mapping of the plane, [q_n+1, p_n+1]= [q_n+1+p_n, q_n+2p_n], as its equations of motion. But then by introducing periodic boundary conditions via (mod 1) applied to both q and p variables, the equations of motion become the Arnol'd cat map, [q_n+1, p_n+1] = [q_n + p_n, q_n + 2p_n], (mod 1), revealing it to be one of the simplest fully chaotic systems which can be derived from a Hamiltonian and analyzed. Consequently, we here quantize the Arnol'd cat and examine its quantum motion for signs of chaos using algorithmic complexity as the litmus. Our analysis reveals that the quantum cat is not chaotic in the deep quantum domain nor does it become chaotic in the classical limit as required by the correspondence principle. We therefore conclude that the correspondence principle, as defined herein, fails for the quantum Arnol'd cat.     

Quantum group invariant fermionic gases: GLp,q(2) and SUp/q(2) invariances

We first investigate the high-temperature behavior of a two-parameter deformed quantum group fermionic gas with GL_p,q(2) symmetry, where (p,q)C×C. We then discuss both the structural and thermodynamical differences between GL_p,q(2)- and SU_r(2)-fermions with r=p/q where (p,q)R×R.     

Elimination of motion and pulsation artifacts using BLADE sequences in knee MR imaging

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of proton density (PD)-BLADE sequences in reducing or even eliminating motion and pulsatile flow artifacts in knee magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Eighty consecutive patients, who had been routinely scanned for knee examination, participated in the study. The following pairs of sequences with and without BLADE were compared: (a) PD turbo spin echo (TSE) sagittal (SAG) fat saturation (FS) in 35 patients, (b) PD TSE coronal (COR) FS in 19 patients, (c) T2 TSE axial in 13 patients and (d) PD TSE SAG in 13 patients. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and relative contrast (ReCon) measures of normal anatomic structures. The qualitative analysis was performed by experienced radiologists. Also, the presence of image motion and pulsation artifacts was evaluated. Based on the results of the SNR, CRN and ReCon for the different sequences and anatomical structures, the BLADE sequences were significantly superior in 19 cases, whereas the corresponding conventional sequences were significantly superior in only 6 cases. BLADE sequences eliminated motion artifacts in all the cases. However, motion artifacts were shown in (a) six PD TSE SAG FS, (b) three PD TSE COR FS, (c) three PD TSE SAG and (d) two T2 TSE axial conventional sequences. In our results, it was found that, in PD FS sequences (sagittal and coronal), the differences between the BLADE and conventional sequences regarding the elimination of motion and pulsatile flow artifacts were statistically significant. In all the comparisons, the PD FS BLADE sequences (coronal and sagittal) were significantly superior to the corresponding conventional sequences regarding the classification of their image quality. In conclusion, this technique appears to be capable to potentially eliminate motion and pulsatile flow artifacts in MR images.     

Density profile and flow of miscible fluid with dissimilar constituent masses

A computer simulation model is used to study the density profile and flow of a miscible gaseous fluid mixture consisting of differing constituent masses (m_A=m_B/3) through an open matrix. The density profile is found to decay with the height ∝exp (−m_A(B)h), consistent with the barometric height law. The flux density shows a power-law increase ∝(p_c−p)^μ with μ2.3 at the porosity 1−p above the pore percolation threshold 1−p_c.     

悬链曲面上的点粒子动力学及扩展空间约束系统量子化

扩张型正则量子化方案的核心内容是位置、动量以及哈密顿量同时量子化. 通过分析悬链面上粒子的扩张型正则量子化方案, 并且与薛定谔理论进行比较, 发现内禀几何中二维悬链面给不出与薛定谔理论相一致的结果, 而考虑将二维悬链面嵌入在三维欧氏空间之后, 还需要将正则量子化方案进行扩张, 可以得到体系的几何势能和几何动量, 并与薛定谔理论相一致.     

Structure of space-like submanifolds in pseudo-Euclidean space

Let M be an n-dimensional complete non-compact space-like submanifold in a pseudo-Euclidean Space R_p^n+p of index p. In this paper, we find sufficient conditions for M to have only one end or finitely many ends.     

Projective and affine connections on S and integrable systems

It is known that the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is a geodesic flow of an L² metric on the Bott–Virasoro group. This can also be interpreted as a flow on the space of projective connections on S¹. The space of differential operators Δ⁽ⁿ⁾=∂ⁿ+u₂∂ⁿ⁻²++u_n form the space of extended or generalized projective connections. If a projective connection is factorizable Δ⁽ⁿ⁾=(∂−((n+1)/2−1)p₁)(∂+(n−1)/2p_n) with respect to quasi primary fields p_i’s, then these fields satisfy ∑_i=1ⁿ((n+1)/2−i)p_i=0. In this paper we discuss the factorization of projective connection in terms of affine connections. It is shown that the Burgers equation and derivative non-linear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation or the Kaup–Newell equation is the Euler–Arnold flow on the space of affine connections.     

Study of K*(892)0 and φ (1020) meson production in proton-proton and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV

In this paper, we describe a study of charged particle yield as a function of p_T for K^*(892)⁰ and φ (1020) mesons in proton-proton (pp) and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV in the central rapidity region of ∣y∣<0.5, in a p_T range of 0<p_T <15 GeV c⁻¹ in pp collisions and in a p_T range of 0<p_T<20 GeV c⁻¹ in Pb-Pb collisions. We also investigated a very important ratio, the nuclear modification factor, to study the effects of the medium in the most central region, i.e. 0%-5% centrality. For data simulation, we used the EPOS-LHC and EPOS-1.99 models. To check the validity of these models’ simulations, we compared the data obtained from these Monte Carlo simulation programs with ALICE experimental data for $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV. It was concluded that the models’ predictions for the φ-meson in pp and for the most central Pb-Pb collisions disagreed with the ALICE data, and that the difference increased with p_T. This may be connected with the essential role of collective parton behaviors which could not have been taken into account by the models. For K^*0 mesons, both programs gave almost the same predictions, and with p_T in the interval p_T>3 GeV c⁻¹, the predictions were very close to the experimental data. Both models gave higher predictions for the soft p_T interval and lower predictions for the hard interactions. The values of the R_AA distributions were lower than unity and both models were very close to the ALICE data. It is very interesting that the models were not able to describe the p_T distributions, but they gave good predictions for their ratios. This may possibly be due to parton collective behaviors. We observed some additional suppression of K^*0 at low values of p_T with respect to φ-mesons, which may be related to the role of the masses of the particles in soft interactions. The rising trend for R_AA in the region from p_T =10 GeV c⁻¹ to 20 GeV c⁻¹ observed by the ALICE experiment was absent for the φ-mesons.     

Brain imaging: Comparison of T1W FLAIR BLADE with conventional T1W SE

IntroductionAlthough T1 weighted spin echo (T1W SE) images are widely used to study anatomical details and pathologic abnormalities of the brain, its role in delineation of lesions and reduction of artifacts has not been thoroughly investigated. BLADE is a fairly new technique that has been reported to reduce motion artifacts and improve image quality.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to compare the quality of T1-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images with BLADE technique (T1W FLAIR BLADE) and the quality of T1W SE images in the MR imaging of the brain. The goal is to highlight the advantages of the two sequences as well as which one can better reduce flow and motion artifacts so that the imaging of the lesions will not be impaired.Materials and methodsBrain examinations with T1W FLAIR BLADE and T1W SE sequences were performed on 48 patients using a 1.5 T scanner. These techniques were evaluated by two radiologists based on: a) a qualitative analysis i.e. overall image quality, presence of artifacts, CSF nulling; and b) a quantitative analysis of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and Relative Contrast. The statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric system.ResultsIn the qualitative analysis, BLADE sequences had a higher scoring than the conventional sequences in all the cases. The overall image quality was better on T1W FLAIR BLADE. Motion and flow-related artifacts were lower in T1W FLAIR BLADE. Regarding the SNR measurements, T1W SE appeared to have higher values in the majority of cases, whilst T1W-FLAIR BLADE had higher values in the CNR and Relative Contrast measurements.ConclusionT1W FLAIR BLADE sequence appears to be superior to T1W SE in overall image quality and reduction of motion and flow-pulsation artifacts as well as in nulling CSF and has been preferred by the clinicians. T1W FLAIR BLADE may be an alternative approach in brain MRI imaging.