高斯光束经表面有缺陷的厚非线性介质的传输特性

光学元件上存在的缺陷会对传输光束产生局域振幅和位相调制. 基于衍射理论模型和分步傅里叶算法,模拟分析了高斯光束经过表面有缺陷的非线性介质的传输过程中于介质内及从介质出射后在自由空气的传输特性, 并详细研究了在厚介质前表面有缺陷的情况下,介质中和自由空气中的光强分布演化规律. 研究表明,介质厚度越长、介质的非线性折射率越大,光束整体聚焦越厉害, 聚焦点离介质后表面越近.光束受调制点的位置离中心越近,光束分裂成丝产生的局部光强越大, 且介质表面存在缺陷将使通过的光束在介质后表面处产生一个很大的光强, 相位调制型缺陷产生的这一光强点比振幅调制型缺陷产生的光强点更强.     

非线性介质表面缺陷对激光光场的调制

以高斯光束为例,研究了非线性介质表面振幅调制型缺陷对光场的调制。基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔衍射积分并采用泰勒级数展开方法,建立了高斯光束经过表面存在缺陷的非线性介质后的传输模型,得到了受缺陷调制光束经非线性介质后的光强分布解析式,研究了缺陷尺寸和光束在非线性介质中产生的附加相移大小对光强分布的影响,结果表明介质表面的缺陷尺寸越大,介质内产生的附加相移越大,光场受到的调制越严重。分别考虑了非线性折射率为正值和为负值的情况,研究发现相应的折射率值导致光束发生会聚或发散现象,并由于缺陷调制的作用,在光束传输过程中始终存在一光强极值点,且随着附加相移绝对值的增大光强极值点的峰值也随之增强。     

偏离束腰入射对非局域非线性介质中高斯光束演化的影响

从1+1维强非局域模型出发，讨论了偏离束腰入射的高斯光束在非局域非线性介质中的传输 特性，得到了精确的解析解.结果表明，在聚焦介质中偏离束腰入射时，不论入射功率多大 ，光束束宽将发生周期性波动，光孤子不复存在，这与从高斯光束束腰入射的情况有本质的 不同；入射功率决定了光束平均束宽的大小，入射位置决定了光束初始的演化趋势.比较了在入射位置相同的条件下，聚焦介质、散焦介质和线性均匀介质中光束的演化.给出了“空 间啁啾”的定义，偏离束腰入射的物理本质是光束的不同入射位置对应不同的初始空间啁啾 .空间啁啾的概念， 关键词： 非局域非线性介质 空间光孤子 高斯光束     

光束束宽对自散焦介质中诱导光束聚焦的影响

影响自散焦介质中诱导光束聚焦过程的方程参量和初始条件共有5个，即两光束波长比(方程参量)、抽运光和信号光的初始振幅、两光束初始束宽比和两光束中心初始间距。通过数值计算讨论了初始束宽比在不同初始光束间距和波长比情况下对信号光聚焦过程的影响，得到了信号光聚焦效果的最佳初始参量条件。从而实现了对影响自散焦介质中诱导光束聚焦过程5个参量的完整详细研究。     

强非局域非线性介质中的涡旋光孤子

满足强非局域条件时，光束在非局域非线性介质的传输过程由Snyder-Mitchell模型描述.在旋转柱坐标系下求解了Snyder-Mitchell模型，得到涡旋光孤子的自相似旋转解析解.结果表明，涡旋光孤子解在径向是惠特克函数与幂函数的乘积，光束的光强呈环形分布，光束绕光束中心旋转. 关键词： 非局域非线性介质 强非局域性 涡旋光孤子 惠特克函数     

椭圆高斯光束在强非局域非线性介质中的传输特性

研究了傍轴椭圆高斯光束在强非局域非线性介质中的传输特性，得到了其各参量的演化方程 及其精确解析解.通过对束宽演化方程及其精确解析解的进一步分析，发现傍轴椭圆高斯光 束在强非局域非线性介质中传输时，两横向方向束宽作周期性变化.不管初始功率为多大， 光束都将周期性的由椭圆高斯光束演化为圆对称高斯光束，再由圆对称高斯光束演化为椭圆 高斯光束；并且在演化的过程中，椭圆的半长轴和半短轴会作周期性交替变化.另外，在一 定初始功率下，傍轴椭圆高斯光束可以保持某一横向方向的束宽不变，得到光孤子. 关键词： 强非局域非线性介质 非局域非线性薛定谔方程 椭圆高斯光束 参量演化方程 空间孤子     

椭圆强非局域空间光孤子

对傍轴椭圆高斯光束在具有椭圆对称响应特性的强非局域非线性介质中的演化规律进行研究，得到了光束各参量演化的精确解析解，分析了单向空间光孤子和强非局域椭圆空间光孤子的形成条件，发现了椭圆光孤子的相移与介质响应函数的椭圆率有关. 关键词： 椭圆对称强非局域响应介质 椭圆强非局域空间光孤子 相移     

强非局域非线性介质中光束传输的空间光孤子解

利用1+2维Snyder-Mitchell模型讨论了柱坐标系下光束传输过程，得到了强非局域非线性介质中光束稳定传输的拉盖尔高斯型解，即空间光孤子解，并得到了入射光束稳定传输的临界功率.图示展现了几个低阶光孤子解，并发现了强非局域非线性介质中存在圆环形光孤子. 关键词： 强非局域非线性介质 拉盖尔高斯(Laguerre-Gauss)解 高阶空间光孤子     

平顶光束经表面有缺陷的厚非线性介质后的光强分布

基于非线性薛定谔方程和分步傅里叶算法, 研究了高功率平顶高斯光束经过厚非线性介质后在自由空间传输的光强演变过程, 详细分析了介质表面缺陷对光强演化规律的影响.研究结果表明, 平顶阶数越大, 光束的自聚焦效果越差, 最大光强点越靠近介质后表面.入射光束的初始场强越强, 介质的厚度和非线性系数越大, 光束的自聚焦越强, 且极值点越靠近介质后表面.介质表面的缺陷使得光束在靠近介质后表面有较大的光强. 并且相位调制型缺陷比振幅调制型缺陷对光强的影响更大. 关键词： 平顶光束 自聚焦 缺陷 光强分布     

强非局域介质中高斯型损耗空间光孤子

 利用变分法研究了1+1维傍轴高斯光束在含有小损耗的强非局域非线性介质中的传输特性，得到了光束各参量的演化方程、束宽的演化规律和一个临界功率。在介质损耗足够小的前提下，当光束初始功率等于临界功率时，得到了一个束宽随传输距离缓慢展宽的准空间光孤子——损耗空间光孤子；当光束初始功率小于临界功率时，光束束宽则按雅可比椭圆正弦函数和椭圆余弦函数作准周期展宽变化；当光束初始功率大于临界功率时，光束束宽将从按雅可比椭圆正弦函数和椭圆余弦函数作准周期压缩变化过渡到按雅可比椭圆正弦函数和椭圆余弦函数准周期展宽变化。     

非球面干涉测量方法的原理误差分析

在非球面干涉测量中,常用标准球面波作为测量光束,由于入射光线不垂直于被测表面,因此反射波面的波差并不能真实反映被测非球面与顶点球面的偏差,还会引起严重的测量误差。本文从理论上对这一误差进行分析和讨论。     

A new method for measuring the threshold of stimulated Brillouin scattering

A new method for measuring the threshold of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) based on the generation location of a Stokes beam is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. The length of the medium cell is selected to be longer than the free gain length of pump pulses in the Brillouin medium. The reflected light from a certain mirror in front of the medium cell is chosen as the reference beam, and the SBS threshold is measured by the "jump" of the delay between the Stokes beam and the reference beam. An 8-ns Q-switched single-longitudinal-mode pulse is used as the pump and the typical SBS medium FC-72 is selected as the nonlinear medium in our experiment. The SBS threshold intensity is measured to be 173-178 mW/cm 2 , which is consistent with existing results measured with the transmitted energy limiting method.     

An optical method and neural network for surface roughness measurement

The measurement of surface roughness using stylus equipment has several disadvantages. A non-contact optical method is needed for measuring the surface roughness of engineering metals with improved accuracy. One candidate for an optical method is the use of a laser source, where the laser light intensity reflected from the surface represents the surface roughness of the illuminated area. A relation can be developed between the reflected laser beam intensity and the surface roughness of the metal. The present study examines the measurement of the surface roughness of the stainless steel samples using a He-Ne laser beam. In the measurement a Gaussian curve parameter of a Gaussian function approximating the peak of the reflected intensity is measured with a fast response photodetector. In order to achieve this, an experimental setup is designed and built. In the experimental apparatus, fiber-optic cables are used to collect the reflected beam from the surface. The output of the fiber-optic system is fed to a back-propagation neural network to classify the resulting surface profile and predict the surface roughness value. The results obtained from the present study are then compared with the stylus measurement results. It is found that the resolution of the surface texture improves considerably in the case of optical method and the neural network developed for this purpose can classify the surface texture according to the control charts developed mathematically.     

An optical method and neural network for surface roughness measurement

The measurement of surface roughness using the stylus equipment has several disadvantages. A non-contact optical method becomes demanding for measuring the surface roughness of the engineering metals with improved accuracy. One of the candidates for the optical method is the use of a laser source in which case the reflected laser light intensity from the surface may represent the surface roughness of the illuminated area. Consequently, a relation can be developed between the reflected laser beam intensity and the surface roughness of the metals. The present study examines the measurement of the surface roughness of the stainless-steel samples using a He–Ne laser beam. In the measurement, a Gaussian curve parameter of a Gaussian function approximating the peak of the reflected intensity is measured with a fast response photodetector. To achieve this, an experimental setup is designed and realized. In the experimental apparatus, fiber-optic cables are used to collect the reflected beam from the surface. The output of the fiber-optic system is fed to a backpropagation neural network to classify the resulting surface profile and predict the surface roughness value. The results obtained from the present study is, then, compared with the stylus measurement results. It is found that the resolution of the surface texture improves considerably in the case of optical method and the neural network developed for this purpose can classify the surface texture according to the control charts developed mathematically.     

Determination of the Parameters of Sea-Surface Roughness Using the Doppler Spectrum of a Microwave Radar Signal Reflected from a Water Surface

Within the framework of the Kirchhoff approximation, we derive formulas describing the shift and width of the Doppler spectrum of a microwave signal reflected from a rough water surface in the case of a small incidence angle. The formulas take into account the effect of the radar beam pattern. The new model of the spectrum allows for the fact that the distance from the radar to the observed surface changes in the course of measurements. Our theoretical analysis shows that the Doppler-spectrum parameters and the amount of information on the scattering surface, which is contained in the reflected signal, are strongly dependent on the antenna beamwidth. The results of our study allowed us to develop a new algorithm for measuring the water-surface parameters from a moving carrier.     

Total reflection of a light beam at a dielectric interface: A comparative study

A rigorous plane-wave integral representation is employed to investigate the reflected field of a light beam, having a Cauchy profile, which is incident from a denser medium upon the interface to a rarer medium. Explicit analytical and graphical results are obtained for both the lateral (Goos-Hänchen) shift of the actual reflected beam from the position predicted by geometric optics, and the lateral-wave-produced trailing radiance that accompanies the reflected beam and persists for distances large compared to the beamwidth, to the right of that beam. Those results are compared analytically and graphically with prior results obtained for a Gaussian beam. That comparison demonstrates strikingly close correspondence between the two sets of results, and serves to point to the generality of features of the beam shift and lateral-wave field produced by symmetric beams having a spectral density concentrated about the symmetry axis.

     

Resonance compression of an acoustic beam in a crystal

The resonance excitation of an intense acoustic beam in a crystal is described for a special geometry of pump-wave reflection from the crystal surface. The resonance appears in the vicinity of the total internal reflection angle under the condition that the wave field in a compressed reflected beam propagating almost parallel to the surface is close to the volume eigenmode satisfying the free boundary condition. Criteria for the existence of such modes are considered in detail. Conversion conditions are analyzed under which a “parasitic” reflected wave of the same branch as the incident wave is absent and entire energy from the incident wave falls within a narrow intense acoustic beam of another branch. It is shown that, when the surface is chosen parallel to the crystal symmetry plane, the conversion criterion is reduced to the sole condition on the elastic moduli of the medium. Analysis is performed by analytic and numerical methods for skew cuts of monoclinic, rhombic, trigonal, and hexagonal crystals, when the boundary is the symmetry plane, while the sagittal plane has no symmetry. A number of crystals are found in which resonance excitation is very close to conversion.     

计算海面激光反射特性的几何光学方法研究

研究了计算海面激光反射的几何光学方法。首先根据JONSWAP非稳态海谱模型数值模拟出二维随机粗糙海面,再采用几何光学方法对入射激光光束在海面上的反射光进行建模,最后计算出海面激光光斑反射光强的空间分布。编制了相关的计算机程序,分析了在不同入射角度和不同风速下的激光光束反射特性。计算结果表明该方法对研究二维随机粗糙海表面激光反射特性有一定参考价值。     

Negative shift of a light beam reflected from the interface between optically transparent and resonant media

The lateral shift of a light beam reflected from the interface between an optically transparent dielectric and a medium for which the frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity have a resonant form is investigated. At certain radiation frequencies and angles of incidence, a negative displacement of the reflected beam along the interface takes place.     

Reflections of light by the gradient of refractive-index distributions

We report the results of observation of weakly luminous rays produced by the gaussian beam incidence on the surface of inhomogeneous dielectric materials. These rays are experimentally distinguished from the ordinary geometrical optics rays that are reflected at the air-dielectric interface. The results are consistent with the theoretical prediction that the luminous phenomenon is caused by the reflection of the incident ray at every point in the inhomogeneous medium.