光学相干层析图像层状结构的增强与定量测量

光学相干层析(OCT)成像技术对于眼底等层状组织的定量测量有赖于光学相干层析图像中层状结构的提取。为了对原始光学相干层析图像进行预处理以有效地去除图像中的噪声及散斑、增强图中的层状结构,并更好地保护图像中的层状结构,进而更准确地定量测量图像中有重要意义的层状结构的光程信息,提出在相干增强各向异性扩散(CED)算法中引入二阶导数项以控制沿相干方向的扩散强度,并将引入二阶导数项的相干增强各向异性扩散算法应用于不同样品的光学相干层析图像。结合在预处理后图像中层状结构位置的查找结果与样品的折射率信息,实现了对光学相干层析图像中有重要意义的层状结构厚度的定量测量。实验结果表明,使用引入二阶导数项的相干增强各向异性扩散算法对光学相干层析图像预处理有利于对图中重要层状结构的更准确测量。     

强度关联三维衍射层析的实验研究

提出了一种基于强度关联成像的新型三维衍射层析技术.利用强度关联成像技术(鬼成像)可实现无透镜傅里叶变换的特点,并结合衍射层析技术和二步相位恢复算法,使用波长为650 nm的赝热光实现了强度关联三维衍射层析.详细描述了强度关联三维衍射层析的基本原理以及具体实验结果,为在第三代同步辐射光源实现非相干X光衍射成像积累了经验.     

结合计算层析与光学相干层析测量折射率分布

通过将计算层析技术与光学相干层析技术相结合,测量散射介质非均匀折射率分布。该方法测量散射样品折射率分布时,通过光学相干层析技术测量散射样品折射率分布在多个方向上的投影,采用计算层析技术实现对样品折射率分布的层析重建,克服了传统折射率光学测量方法如单纯的基于光学相干层析原理的焦点追迹法和光程匹配法,不能测量散射介质非均匀折射率分布的缺点。采用该方法在实验中对梯度折射率棒的径向相对折射率分布进行层析重建,取得了较好的实验结果。     

一种眼底黄斑水肿OCT图像分割方法

黄斑水肿(ME)被认为是增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的主要适应症之一,由于视网膜下层中蛋白质沉积物的积累,ME引起视网膜肿胀。光学相干断层成像(OCT)通过显示黄斑病变的横截面视图提供了ME的早期检测。文章提出了一种新的算法,即改进遗传算法和最佳熵法相结合的方法,可以在前期工作的基础上提高时间效率,从5s提高至0.7s。算法首先对图像预处理,排除血管和散斑噪声对分割效果的影响,再将信息熵作为遗传算法(GA)的适应度函数,将最大熵作为遗传算法的收敛准则。经过遗传操作,得到最佳阈值,对黄斑水肿OCT图像进行分割,然后对得到的二值图像进行边界平滑处理,得到最终的分割图像。所述方法对300张黄斑水肿OCT图像进行了分割,与Canny算子、OTSU分割算法和临床医生手动分割结果相比较。结果表明,算法能够快速准确提取黄斑水肿区域,为临床诊断和治疗提供了定量分析的工具。     

激光相干层析成像的光散射模拟计算

利用低相干光作为光源的光学相干层析技术是一种新型成像技术。本文利用蒙特－卡罗（Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ）模拟计算方法研究了该技术在不同的散射条件下,相干调制信号随散射系数的变化关系,得出了单次散射和多次散射的差别以及它对成像质量的影响,并进一步讨论了利用单次散射和多次散射信号,提高光学相干层析术图像清晰度和信号强度的方法。还研究了光束半径大小对成像分辨率的影响及变化过程,得出了对实验有指导意义的结果     

光折变聚合物材料在光电子技术中的应用

光折变聚合物材料与光折变晶体相比，其非线性光学系数大，响应时间快，成本低廉，制备灵活，有可能成为制作光子学集成器件的材料。简要介绍了光折变聚合物材料在图像识别、光信息存储及光学相干层析技术等方面的应用情况，指出光折变聚合物材料中存在光子带隙。最后预测了光折变聚合物材料作为光子晶体在光子学器件中的应用前景。     

基于小波分解金字塔的OCT图像特征提取算法

糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)是导致失明的主要原因之一,由专业的医生通过检查光学相干扫描(OCT)图像是主要的诊断方法,但这一过程不仅耗时而且容易误判,提出一种辅助诊断模型来区分DME和正常黄斑。对原始OCT图像进行降噪、展平、裁剪预处理,得到易于分类的病灶区图像,在小波分解金字塔模型的基础上用局部二值模式方法对原图和低频子图像提取纹理特征;与提取细节图像的灰度-梯度共生矩阵特征融合形成最终的全局特征,并对其进行降维;用weka平台的序列最小优化模型进行分类。在杜克大学数据集和临床数据集上的试验结果表明,算法在两个数据集上验证的准确率分别为95.7%、95.3%,灵敏性分别为95.3%、95.5%,特异度分别为96.0%、95.1%。因此,所提方法能有效对OCT图像分类,为临床上视网膜疾病辅助诊断提供技术支撑。     

光学相干层析成像的图像重建

层析成像技术－光学相干层析术是基于光学低相干反射测量发展而来的。介绍了用图像恢复的基本原理在光学相干层析术图像增强方面的工作。通过实验测量行到了解卷积所必需的点扩展函数。重建后的膜层结构图像的深度分辨率提高了一个数量级,图像也取得了了的锐化、去噪的效果。     

光学相干层析成像眼底视网膜三维图像去抖动方法

眼底视网膜病变是大部分眼科疾病的来源。光学相干层析成像(OCT)具有无创性、成像安全快速等特点,在临床上被广泛用于眼科疾病的诊断。针对OCT视网膜三维图像因抖动产生的扭曲变形问题,提出一种基于曲线拟合的OCT视网膜三维重建图像去抖动方法,即通过预处理提取OCT视网膜图像的边界,再利用最小二乘法曲线拟合来计算各帧切片图像的偏移量。结果表明:所提方法对OCT视网膜三维重建图像扭曲变形具有明显的校正作用。     

基于光学相干层析成像的视网膜图像自动分层方法

利用光学相干层析成像(OCT)获得视网膜图像并对其进行分层,进而获得各视网膜层的厚度,在许多眼科疾病的临床诊断中具有重要作用。高散斑噪声、低图像对比度、存在血管等复杂结构等因素使得对视网膜的精确分层难以实现。提出了一种视网膜OCT图像的自动分层方法,利用三维块匹配和均值滤波去噪对图像进行预处理,分两步对视网膜图像分层,在每个A扫描上设置可变阈值进行逐层分割作为初步分层结果,然后对各层的初步分层结果进行连续性和完整性判断和修正。对健康和患病视网膜的OCT图像进行分层以验证提出方法的有效性。实验结果显示该方法能够精确地分出9层视网膜层,平均层边界位置偏差为(1.34±0.24)pixel。该方法能够适应噪声高、对比度低的图像,对存在血管等复杂结构的图像同样能够实现较好的分层。     

Optical Coherence Tomographic Features of Macular Diseases

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new diagnostic technology which allows visualization of a cross-sectional image of the anterior eye and the retina in vivo with a high resolution similar to a histological section by light microscopy. Although the fundus can be examined at the semihistologic level by a biomicroscope, histopathologic study has been difficult because of the rare opportunity for retinal biopsy or enucleation. OCT reveals the intraretinal structure of macular diseases on the histopathologic level. In this article, we review the research on various macular diseases using OCT at Gunma University School of Medicine.     

Process Algorithms for Resolution Improvement and Contrast Enhancement in Optical Coherence Tomography

We proposed two process algorithms for resolution improvement and contrast enhancement in the images of optical coherence tomography (OCT). An OCT system with a non-Gaussian light source spectrum or dispersion mismatch usually results in sidelobes in the interference fringe envelope that may produce artifacts and reduce image contrast. Based on the concept of deconvolution, we proposed two different process algorithms and demonstrated their effectiveness in retrieving sample structures. The effects of the process algorithms were examined by numerical simulations and real OCT scanning images. After processing with the proposed procedures, the effects of sidelobes were tremendously suppressed and the image qualities were improved.     

Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography for retina imaging

When optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used for human retina imaging, its transverse resolution is limited by the aberrations of human eyes. To overcome this disadvantage, a high resolution imaging system for living human retina, which consists of a time domain OCT system and a 37-elements adaptive optics (AO) system, has been developed. The AO closed loop rate is 20 frames per second, and the OCT has a 6.7-μm axial resolution. In this paper, this system is introduced and the high resolution imaging results for retina are presented.     

In vivo measurement of retinal physiology with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography

Noninvasive in vivo functional optical imaging of the intact retina is demonstrated by using high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT). Imaging was performed with 2.8 microm resolution at a rate of 24,000 axial scans per second. A white-light stimulus was applied to the dark-adapted rat retina, and the average reflectivities from different intraretinal layers were monitored as a function of time. A 10%-15% increase in the average amplitude reflectance of the photoreceptor outer segments was observed in response to the stimulus. The spatial distribution of the change in the OCT signal is consistent with an increase in backscatter from the photoreceptor outer segments. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo demonstration of OCT functional imaging in the intact retina.     

Compact,low-cost Ti:Al2O3 laser for in vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography

A compact, low-cost, prismless Ti:Al2O3 laser with 176-nm bandwidth (FWHM) and 20-mW output power was developed. Ultrahigh-resolution ophthalmic optical coherence tomography (OCT) ex vivo imaging in an animal model with approximately 1.2-microm axial resolution and in vivo imaging in patients with macular pathologies with approximately 3-microm axial resolution were demonstrated. Owing to the pump laser, this light source significantly reduces the cost of broadband OCT systems. Furthermore, the source has great potential for clinical application of spectroscopic and ultrahigh-resolution OCT because of its small footprint (500 mm x 180 mm including the pump laser), user friendliness, stability, and reproducibility.     

Birefringence characterization of biological tissue by use of optical coherence tomography

An improved polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is developed and used to measure birefringence in porcine myocardium tissue and produce two-dimensional birefringence mapping of the tissue. Signal-to-noise issues that cause systematic measurement errors are analyzed to determine the regime in which such measurements are accurate. The advantage of polarization-sensitive OCT systems over standard OCT systems in avoiding image artifacts caused by birefringence is also demonstrated.     

Intraluminal fiber-optic Doppler imaging catheter for structural and functional optical coherence tomography

We describe a miniature fiber-optic Doppler imaging catheter for integrated functional and structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. The Doppler catheter can map blood flow within a vessel as well as image vessel wall structures. A prototype Doppler catheter has been developed and demonstrated for measuring the intraluminal velocity profile in a vessel phantom (conduit). A simple mathematical model is demonstrated to estimate the total flow rate. This estimation technique also enables the spatial range of flow measurements to be extended by approximately two times the normal OCT image-penetration depth. The Doppler OCT catheter could be a powerful device for cardiovascular imaging.     

High-speed, high-resolution optical coherence tomography retinal imaging with a frequency-swept laser at 850 nm

High-speed, high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human retina is demonstrated using a frequency-swept laser at 850 nm. A compact external cavity semiconductor laser design, optimized for swept-source ophthalmic OCT, is described. The laser enables an effective 16 kHz sweep rate with >10 mm coherence length and a tuning range of approximately 35 nm full width at half-maximum, yielding an axial resolution of <7 micro m in tissue.     

Rapid-scanning forward-imaging miniature endoscope for real-time optical coherence tomography

We developed a miniature endoscope that is capable of rapid lateral scanning and is suitable for real-time forward-imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT). The endoscope has an outer diameter of 2.4 mm, consisting of a miniature tubular lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuator, a single-mode fiber-optic cantilever, and a graded-index lens. Rapid lateral scanning at 2.8 kHz is achieved when the fiber-optic cantilever is resonated with the PZT actuator. This allows OCT imaging to be performed by fast lateral beam scanning followed by slow depth scanning, which is different from the conventional OCT imaging sequence. Real-time OCT imaging with the endoscope operated in the new image acquisition sequence at 6 frames/s is demonstrated.     

In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography

Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) by use of state of the art broad-bandwidth femtosecond laser technology is demonstrated and applied to in vivo subcellular imaging. Imaging is performed with a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with double-chirped mirrors that emits sub-two-cycle pulses with bandwidths of up to 350 nm, centered at 800 nm. Longitudinal resolutions of ~1mum and transverse resolution of 3mum, with a 110-dB dynamic range, are achieved in biological tissue. To overcome depth-of-field limitations we perform zone focusing and image fusion to construct a tomogram with high transverse resolution throughout the image depth. To our knowledge this is the highest longitudinal resolution demonstrated to date for in vivo OCT imaging.