面阵CCD信号采集系统的噪声抑制

分析了CCD输出噪声及其一般抑制方法,提出了一种基于面阵CCD信号采集系统的噪声抑制方法。设计了CCD信号采集系统的噪声抑制电路和处理电路,应用于CCD442A型面阵CCD;并使用积分球对采集系统进行辐射定标,计算得到系统的信噪比。仿真和辐射定标实验表明,该面阵CCD信号采集系统具有相关双采样和暗电平校正功能,抑制了CCD输出信号的复位噪声和暗电流噪声;在中等照度条件下,系统信噪比达到40dB。     

基于FPGA的光纤陀螺自适应LMS滤波算法研究

光纤陀螺仪的精度严重制约着以其为核心的惯性导航系统精度,为进一步提高系统精度须对光纤陀螺进行滤波处理。本文在自适应LMS滤波算法的基础上,以FPGA实现光纤陀螺数据的采集和滤波处理。以光纤陀螺的延时信号作为参考值,实时自适应调整陀螺不同时刻输出的权值来实现对噪声的滤除。在FPGA中,利用有限状态机的方式来完成该滤波算法的实现,同时完成权值系数的更新和信号采集等模块的功能。结果表明,经过FPGA采集并滤波后的光纤陀螺信号中的噪声分量明显降低,滤波延时远小于采样周期,完全满足工程实际需要。     

多普勒频移修正在测定直升机飞行噪声固有频率中的应用

对于噪声信号采集系统采集的某型直升机的飞行噪声信号,提出了结合机载GPS数据,进行多普勒频移修正,然后叠加多个多普勒频移修正结果,以得到直升机旋翼、尾桨和减速器噪声固有频率的新方法,可以大大减小单次多普勒频移修正的误差。这种方法为确定飞行器飞行噪声固有频率提供了有效的途径。     

人体血氧饱和度检测中消除脉搏波信号高频噪声的方法

基于光电容积脉搏波的方法可以用于人体血氧饱和度的无创检测,基于光电容积脉搏波测量时,由于信号采集过程中随机噪声等干扰,脉搏波信号中存在高频噪声,影响最终的血氧饱和度测量精度。提出采用基于连续均方误差(CMSE)准则的经验模态分解(EMD)法消除脉搏波信号中的高频噪声。利用自行研制的光电容积脉搏波采集装置采集脉搏波信号,应用该方法消除信号中高频噪声,并采用信号的频谱进行效果评价。结果表明：该方法有效消除了高频噪声,这将有利于人体血氧饱和度无创检测精度的提高。     

K-SVD和OMP算法在超声信号去噪中的应用

针对在线采集时超声波检测信号中存在大量噪声,降低了材料内部缺陷诊断准确性的问题,提出了一种基于广义K+奇异值分解算法(K-SVD)和正交匹配追踪算法(OMP)相结合的超声回波信号去噪算法。该算法利用K-SVD算法将Gabor字典训练成能够最有效反映信号结构特征的超完备字典,然后基于训练完成的超完备字典,用OMP算法把一定数量的字典原子进行线性组合来构成原始信号,从而实现信号的去噪。通过仿真实验将本文方法与传统的小波阈值去噪方法进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,该方法对超声回波信号的去噪效果优于小波阈值去噪方法,且噪声越大对比越明显,不仅可更有效地滤除信号中的高斯白噪声,提高信噪比,且尽可能保留了原始信号有用信息。     

植物微弱电信号在线采集系统的设计

植物电信号是细胞在生命活动中发出的电磁信号,由于其信号幅值为微伏级,在采集过程中,其有效信号很容易被噪声所淹没;依据植物电位信号的高阻抗源特性以及植物电位信号采集技术的特点,选择贴片电极作为测量植物表面电位信号的传感电极,有效降低了引导电极对植物的伤害和对植物电信号的干扰;采用AD8221芯片,设计了采集放大器电路用于采集植物电位信号,并搭建了植物电信号的采集系统,整个采集系统由放大电路、A/D转换电路、MCU、MAX232和计算机组成;以芦荟为实验对象,测得12 ℃时芦荟叶片电信号幅值的最大值是0.51 mV,最小值是-0.22 mV;结果表明该采集系统能够很好地采集植物电信号,为下一步的信号分析打下了坚实的基础。     

振动对光纤陀螺线形测量系统影响分析

在使用光纤陀螺测量系统对桥梁线形进行测量的过程中,来自汽车和路面的振动影响会给测量结果带来巨大的误差。使用Morlet小波对光纤陀螺采集到的信号进行时频分析,确定了27 Hz以上均为噪声信号。在对巴东长江大桥的线形测量中,使用切比雪夫滤波器去除光纤陀螺采集到的噪声信号,大大的提高了光纤陀螺线形测量系统的精度。     

SINS初始对准中光纤陀螺EMD滤波

为了实现低成本SINS初始对准,降低对准过程复杂程度,提高系统对准精度,缩短对准时间,本文引入了EMD滤波技术。首先,采集IMU输出信号,根据EMD算法将信号分解为IMF簇,按照CMSE标准对信号进行重构,完成信号滤波处理;接着,按照AR模型对经EMD滤波前后的数据噪声进行建模;然后,分别利用原始信号和EMD降噪后信号进行SINS姿态粗对准;最后,根据IMU模型和SINS误差模型,采用零速对准方式,完成SINS精对准。实验结果表明:经EMD降噪后的信号粗对准精度为1.3°,精对准精度为0.87 mrad,精对准收敛时间为200 s。     

高精度多脉冲激光测距回波检测技术

针对远距离激光测距机回波信号脉宽强度特征和噪声的统计特性,提出了一种高精度多脉冲激光测距机的回波信号检测技术。采用时钟移相分配方式实现了400 MHz高速信号采集及数字化处理,提高了回波脉冲的检测精度。采用ARM嵌入式高速核处理器进行数据算法处理,完成了滤波降噪、自适应门限检测和多帧相关检测等功能,使回波信噪比提高了7.6 dB,达到远距离精确获取目标距离信息的目的。     

高精度线偏振辐射计数据采集系统设计

根据高精度线偏振辐射计应用需求,设计了基于电容积分法的可见光至短波红外波段偏振辐射计信号采集系统。简要介绍了高精度线偏振辐射计的工作原理,分析其采集系统具有的探测信号动态范围大、采样频率低和探测精度高的特点;建立了基于跨阻放大法和电容积分法的2种放大电路噪声模型,并推导出信噪比公式,采用DDC112的电容积分法放大电路的数据采集系统能够有效减小系统噪声、简化电路设计、提高系统灵活性和系统信噪比;实验测试了系统的动态范围、等效噪声辐亮度、信噪比、稳定性和线偏振度,并进行了外场试验。实验结果表明:该数据采集系统具有较高的响应动态范围,等效噪声辐亮度比较理想,常规气溶胶探测波段信噪比≥127,典型地表探测波段信噪比≥147,仪器稳定性优越,线偏振度测量精度优于0.5%,达到仪器设计指标。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.