红条毛肤石鳖齿舌牙齿内纳米磁性矿物质的磁各向异性研究

SQUID和磁转矩测量表明红条毛肤石鳖齿舌牙齿内纳米磁性矿物质具有明显的磁各向异性,从能量角度对SQUID和磁转矩曲线的分析发现,这些材料具有明显的单晶单轴特性,对于磁各向异性,起作用的主要是磁晶各向异性。磁化过程中,长条片状纳米磁性矿物质中包含的小纳米晶粒磁畴磁矩转向外磁场方向,直到与外磁场方向一致,达到饱和为止,磁化过程中不存在畴壁的移动。     

不对称钴纳米环磁特性及涡旋态控制的蒙特卡罗模拟

利用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究不同外加磁场方向对不对称钴纳米环磁特性的影响.主要研究磁化反转过程中畴壁运动可控制机制、磁滞回线及涡旋态的形成.模拟结果表明:①不同的外加磁场方向对不对称钴纳米环在磁化反转过程中畴壁的运动和涡旋态的形成及稳定性有较大的影响;②可利用畴壁能的变化及外加磁场的方向控制纳米环畴壁的运动;③磁化反转过程中涡旋态的形成及稳定性存在明显的尺寸效应.     

W(110)基底上的铁纳米岛初始自发磁化态的微磁学模拟

用微磁学模拟研究W(110)基底上铁纳米岛的初始自发磁化态的磁畴结构,确定了不规则形状、椭圆形和矩形岛中不同磁畴态之间的各向异性常数的临界点,得到了纳米岛的磁化态作为各向异性常数和厚度函数的完整相图,相图中存在一较宽的过渡区,把双畴态与涡旋态和菱形态分开,过渡区两侧的边界是不确定的.计算结果表明,初始自发磁化态的磁畴结构主要由各向异性及岛的厚度决定,而且岛的边沿形状对涡旋态和菱形态的磁畴结构有重要影响.准确的铁纳米岛的各向异性常数仍有待于进一步确定. 关键词： 初始自发磁化磁畴结构 铁纳米岛 微磁学模拟 各向异性     

稀土永磁薄膜材料

简要地介绍在纳米复合稀土永磁薄膜材料、各向异性稀土永磁薄膜材料方面的进展。在纳米复合稀土永磁薄膜材料中实现磁性交换耦合和剩磁增强效应，系统地研究了其结构与磁性的关系。制备成功高磁能积的各向异性稀土永磁薄膜材料，比较了Ti或Mo缓冲层对Nd-Fe-B薄膜的表面形貌、磁畴结构和磁性能的影响。发现薄膜的表面形貌强烈地依赖于缓冲层的厚度。由于它极大地影响薄膜的成分，溅射速率被证明是控制薄膜的显微结构、表面形貌和磁性能的一个重要因素。在微磁学模型的基础上，通过分析从5到300K的矫顽力温度依赖关系。研究了各向异性Pr-Fe-B薄膜的矫顽力机制。在晶粒表面，由于磁各向异性的降低和局域退磁场的提高导致的反转畴的形核被确定为控制各向异性Pr-Fe—B薄膜的磁化反转过程的首要机制。     

小尺寸正方形铁磁薄膜边界效应对磁化翻转过程的影响

用自旋动力学方法系统地研究磁偶极相互作用表现的边界效应对小尺寸正方形铁磁薄膜的磁化翻转过程的影响.在确定的磁偶极相互作用强度下,针对不同的单轴各向异性强度和不同的磁化角(外磁场与易轴间的夹角),具体给出矫顽场与磁化角及单轴各向异性强度之间的依赖关系和-些有代表性的磁滞回线,并给出磁化翻转过程中-些有代表性的微观磁结构.模拟结果表明:磁偶极相互作用表现的边界钉扎作用与单轴各向异性场之间的竞争决定磁滞回线的形状和矫顽场的大小,从而在不同磁化角情况下会导致不同的矫顽场机理.本文提出可有效地描述正方形铁磁性薄膜复杂微观磁畴结构的形成与演变的五磁畴模型.这种五磁畴模型既能直接揭示单轴各向异性正方形铁磁薄膜的几何特性和物理特性,也方便于磁化翻转过程的分析.     

稀土永磁薄膜材料

简要地介绍在纳米复合稀土永磁薄膜材料、各向异性稀土永磁薄膜材料方面的进展.在纳米复合稀土永磁薄膜材料中实现磁性交换耦合和剩磁增强效应,系统地研究了其结构与磁性的关系.制备成功高磁能积的各向异性稀土永磁薄膜材料,比较了Ti 或Mo 缓冲层对Nd-Fe-B薄膜的表面形貌、磁畴结构和磁性能的影响.发现薄膜的表面形貌强烈地依赖于缓冲层的厚度.由于它极大地影响薄膜的成分,溅射速率被证明是控制薄膜的显微结构、表面形貌和磁性能的一个重要因素.在微磁学模型的基础上,通过分析从5到300 K的矫顽力温度依赖关系.研究了各向异性Pr-Fe-B薄膜的矫顽力机制.在晶粒表面,由于磁各向异性的降低和局域退磁场的提高导致的反转畴的形核被确定为控制各向异性Pr-Fe-B薄膜的磁化反转过程的首要机制.     

磁畴和畴壁的实验演示

利用透射光法进行磁畴和畴壁的实验演示，在磁性材料中的薄膜中，若无外加磁场时，可以观察到很多蜿蜒曲折的条状磁畴，当垂直薄膜面上加一个磁场（磁化场）时，这些条状磁畴就会产生变化，凡与外加磁场方向一致的磁畴体积扩大，与加外磁场方向相反的磁畴体积会缩小。     

具有不同交换偏置方向的外延FeGa/IrMn双层膜的磁各向异性与磁化翻转

采用磁控溅射方法在MgO(001)单晶衬底上制备了交换偏置分别沿着FeGa [100]和[110]方向的FeGa/IrMn外延交换偏置双层膜,研究了交换偏置取向对磁化翻转过程与磁化翻转场的影响.铁磁共振场的角度依赖关系的测量与拟合,表明样品存在不同取向的四重对称磁晶各向异性、单向交换磁各向异性和单轴磁各向异性的叠加.矢量磁光克尔效应测量表明交换偏置沿着[100]方向的样品在不同磁场方向下表现矩形、非对称和单边两步磁滞回线;交换偏置沿着[110]方向的样品在不同磁场方向下表现单边两步和双边两步磁滞回线.考虑不同交换偏置方向的畴壁形核和位移模型,能够很好地解释磁化翻转路径随磁场方向的变化规律和拟合磁化翻转场的角度依赖关系,表明交换偏置方向的改变使得畴壁形核能发生显著变化.     

磁场成型对锶铁氧体磁性能影响的模型研究

磁场成型是锶铁氧体获得高性能永磁材料的关键工艺.利用已建立的数学模型,研究锶铁氧体磁畴中心和材料几何中心相对位置变化对锶铁氧体磁性能的影响.结果表明,磁畴中心向下偏移比其向上偏移时,外磁场对磁畴中心的作用效果明显;同时当试样呈平面时,外磁场全部垂直作用于试样上,有效作用为最佳,并可以得到高矫顽力各向异性锶铁氧体.     

磁性材料的磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构

首先简要地介绍了磁性材料中磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构以及相互之间的关系. 一方面, 磁畴结构由材料的磁结构、内禀磁性和微结构因素决定; 另一方面, 磁畴结构决定了材料磁化和退磁化过程以及技术磁性. 拓扑学与材料物理、材料性能的联系越来越紧密. 最近的研究兴趣集中在一些拓扑磁性组态, 如涡旋、磁泡、麦纫、斯格米子等. 研究发现这些拓扑磁结构的拓扑性质与磁性能密切相关. 然后从尺寸效应、缺陷、晶界三个方面介绍国际学术界在磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构方面的进展. 最后介绍了在稀土永磁薄膜材料的微观结构、磁畴结构和磁性能关系、交换耦合纳米盘中的拓扑磁结构及其动力学行为方面的工作. 通过对文献的评述, 得到以下结论: 开展各向异性纳米复合稀土永磁材料的研究对更好地利用稀土资源具有重要的意义. 可以有目的地改变材料的微结构, 可控地进行磁性材料的磁畴工程, 最终获得优秀的磁性能. 拓扑学的概念正在应用于越来越多的学科领域, 在越来越多的材料中发现拓扑学的贡献. 研究磁畴结构、拓扑磁性基态或者激发态的形成规律以及动力学行为对理解量子拓扑相变以及其他与拓扑相关的物理效应是十分重要的. 也会帮助理解不同拓扑学态之间相互作用的物理机制及其与磁性能之间的关系, 同时拓展拓扑学在新型磁性材料中的应用.     

Technical magnetization of the nonuniformly stressed iron borate single crystal

Additional spatial nonuniform magnetic anisotropy is induced in the basal plane of a FeBO₃ single crystal using low-symmetry mechanical stresses. The effect of the nonuniform magnetic anisotropy on the magnetic state of this weak easy-plane ferromagnet is studied by a magnetooptic method. When the nonuniformly stressed FeBO₃ crystal is magnetized in the basal plane near a certain preferential direction, the crystal is found to transform from a homogeneous into a spatially modulated magnetic state, which can be represented by a static spin wave in which a local ferromagnetism vector lies in the basal plane and oscillates about the average magnetization direction in the crystal.     

Orientation and alignment during materials processing under high magnetic fields

The characteristics of lattice structures can make crystal possess distinct anisotropic features, such as the varying magnetism in different crystal orientations and different directions. The anisotropic magnetism can also cause the free energy to vary in different orientations of crystal in a magnetic field(magnetic anisotropy energy). Magneto-anisotropy can make the crystal rotate by the magnetic force moment on the crystal with the easy axis towards the direction of the magnetic field, and can also promote the preferential growth along a certain crystal direction at the lowest energy state.By solidification, vapor-deposition, heat treatment, slip casting and electrodeposition under magnetic field, the crystal structure with high grain orientation is obtained in a variety of binary eutectics, peritectic alloys, multicomponent alloys and high temperature superconducting materials. This makes it possible to fabricate texture-functional material by using high magnetic field and magneto-crystalline anisotropy of crystal. The purpose of this article is to review some recent progress of the orientation and alignment in material processing under a high magnetic field.     

Anisotropic magnetic quenching of positronium states in oriented crystals

We have carried out a theoretical analysis of the anisotropy of magnetic quenching of positronium states in noncubic crystals oriented relative to the direction of the external magnetic field. We show that an initial polarization of the positrons amplifies the anisotropy of magnetic quenching of positronium and lowers the magnitude of the magnetic field in which the anisotropy is maximum. We have obtained numerical estimates of the magnitude of the experimentally observed effect for quasipositronium in a single crystal of crystalline quartz and for a positronium complex in a single crystal of naphthalene. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 999–1002 (June 1999)     

Manifestation of basal-plane anisotropy and mechanical boundary conditions in magnetic birefringence of sound in hematite

The angular dependence of the magnetic birefringence of sound in hematite is experimentally investigated as a function of the direction of a magnetic field applied in the basal plane of the hematite crystal. It is found that, at room temperature, the curve of magnetoacoustic oscillations in the magnetic field, i.e., the oscillatory dependence of the amplitude of an acoustic wave transmitted through the crystal on the magnetic field strength, is characterized by hexagonal and uniaxial anisotropy. It is shown that the hexagonal anisotropy is governed by the basal-plane anisotropy of higher orders. The appearance of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in the basal plane of the crystal is explained by the mechanical stresses arising in the sample when piezoelectric transducers are glued to the sample ends. This assumption is confirmed by the observed change in the direction of the uniaxial anisotropy axis under variations in the boundary conditions.     

Magnetic dynamics of two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnet Fe_3GeTe_2

Among the layered two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials(2 D FMs),due to a relatively high T_C,the van der Waals(vdW) Fe_3 GeTe_2(FGT) crystal is of great importance for investigating its distinct magnetic properties.Here,we have carried out static and dynamic magnetization measurements of the FGT crystal with a Curie temperature TC ≈ 204 K.The M-H hysteresis loops with in-plane and out-of-plane orientations show that FGT has a strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with the easy axis along its c-axis.Moreover,we have calculated the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant(K_1)from the SQUID measurements.The dynamic magnetic properties of FGT have been probed by utilizing the high sensitivity electron-spin-resonance(ESR) spectrometer at cryogenic temperatures.Based on an approximation of single magnetic domain mode,the K_1 and the effective damping constant(α_(eff)) have also been determined from the out-of-plane angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance(FMR) spectra obtained at the temperature range of 185 K to T_C.We have found large magnetic damping with the effective damping constant α_(eff) ～ 0.58 along with a broad linewidth(ΔH_(pp) 1000 Oe at 9.48 GHz,H ‖ c-axis).Our results provide useful dynamics information for the development of FGT-based spintronic devices.     

Magnetic study of the UPt3 superconducting phases

In order to distinguish the UPt₃ superconducting (s.c.) phases we have studied their magnetic properties at low fields in a SQUID magnetometer and up to fields >H_c2(0) with a capacitive torque-meter. With the SQUID we measure the magnetic penetration depth and find the second s.c. transition at T_c⁻ when the field is applied along the c-axis, but not with . This result, combined with power-law behavior at low temperature T, is most consistent with the two-dimensional E_2u s.c. order parameter. Below 20 mK we find an additional diamagnetic signal that we ascribe to the normal state magnetism. In high fields our torque measurements show a kink of the perpendicular magnetization component at the B–C phase line, pointing to an enhanced Ginzburg–Landau parameter in the C phase.     

Anisotropic contribution of magnetostriction to the elastic compliance constants in hexagonal materials: The Δs-effect

In this paper, we consider the single crystal analogue of the ΔE-effect in hexagonal materials with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. We define Δs_ijld as the fractional change in the elastic compliance tensor s_ijkl in the demagnetized state relative to its value in the saturated state. The Δs-effect depends in general on the direction of the applied stress and the resulting magnetostrictive strain. We can show, however, that Δs_ijkl is always nonnegative when i=k and j=l. We then consider the measurements of the elastic constants in magnetic materials which have large magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The stresses applied in these measurements are not sufficient to rotate the magnetization away from the magnetically preferred direction, and hence cause no magnetostriction, and no Δs-effect. Therefore, it is not necessary to apply a saturating magnetic field along the easy axis in order to measure the true elastic constants in these materials.     

Magnetic anisotropy and ordering in equiatomic FeCo alloy equilibrium state vs. temperature

A spherical single crystal, initially disordered by quenching, is ordered at different temperatures in the range 400–730°C. The measured magnetic anisotropy energy shows a cubic symmetry characteristic of the degree of order. In the case of a heat treatment carried out under an applied magnetic field, there is an additional uniaxial anisotropy energy which characterises the presence of directional order.     

Magnetic-field-induced orientational phase transition in a nonuniformly stressed iron borate single crystal

Spatially nonuniform magnetic anisotropy was induced in the basal plane of an iron borate (FeBO₃) single crystal by applying low-symmetry stresses. The effect of nonuniform magnetic anisotropy on the magnetic state of this weak ferromagnet was studied by magnetooptic methods. It is revealed that, when a nonuniformly stressed FeBO₃ crystal is magnetized in the basal plane along a certain direction (depending on the symmetry of the applied stress), a transition from a uniform to a spatially modulated magnetic state occurs, which is not observed in the crystal in the absence of stresses. The modulated magnetic phase of the crystal can be represented as a static spin wave linearly polarized in the basal plane, with the azimuth of the weak-ferromagnetism vector oscillating about the direction of the mean magnetization. The temperature and field dependences of the spatial period of the modulated magnetic structure and the amplitude of oscillations of the ferromagnetism vector are studied, and the temperature dependence of the field range over which the modulated phase exists in the nonuniformly stressed FeBO₃ crystal is found. The results are discussed in terms of the phenomenological theory of magnetic phase transformations. It is shown that the theoretical model used consistently describes all the experimental results of the study of the noncollinear magnetic phase of the nonuniformly stressed FeBO₃ crystal.