Polarized current changes the exchange bias in a current-in-plane spin valve

A spin-polarized current changes the strength and direction of the exchange bias in spin valves with a current-in-plane geometry. The exchange bias can be manipulated and systematically changed by applying current pulses. The changes are nonmonotonic and asymmetric with respect to the directions of the applied field and current pulses. For different current pulses, different exchange-bias fields can be achieved in the same sample. Furthermore, for samples with different exchange bias, the bias field exhibits a dependence on the applied pulse. Since the strength of exchange bias is highly correlated to the micromagnetic state distribution of the antiferromagnet, we explain our observations by the spin torque exerted on the interfacial antiferromagnetic moments, excluding Joule heating and training effects.     

Spontaneous exchange-bias in Fe/Mn thin multilayers

Fe/Mn multilayers were grown by means of a molecular beam epitaxy system onto quartz substrates changing the thickness of the elemental layers. A spontaneous unidirectional anisotropy develops for thickness of Fe or Mn layer of about 35 Å. Since the samples were no subjected to field cooling treatments during or after the growth, this kind of anisotropy can be explained considering besides the exchange coupling at the Fe/Mn interface, the structural disorder due to dislocations and defects. In effect, the appearance and strength of the exchange-bias field are depending on the surface roughness of the samples and are significantly enhanced by the formation of a structure constituted by islands showing a snake-like morphology. The fitting of the angular dependence of the exchange-bias field indicates that the associated anisotropy is due to the superposition of two contributions, the principal one with unidirectional symmetry and the other showing uniaxial characteristics.     

条状障碍物对超声非线性声场的影响研究

基于Khokhlov-Zabolotkaya-Kuznetsov(KZK)方程，在频域建立了求解三维非轴对称声场的方法，理论及实验研究了声波通过肋骨条状障碍物后的非线性声场分布，数值计算与实验结果相符.本文还讨论了条状障碍物对空间平均-时间平均声强(I_SATA)的影响. 关键词： 非轴对称 频域法 肋骨 衍射场     

Simulating a perpendicular exchange-biased structure with a partially covering nonmagnetic insertion at the FM/AFM interface

The existence of minority spins, opposite to the perpendicular exchange bias, and majority spins aligned with this bias, and the dependence of the perpendicular exchange-bias field on the imprint effect, caused by the partially covering spacer at the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) interface, have been studied using Ising-type simulations. The present investigation suggests that the main factors influencing this phenomenon were dependent on the FM/AFM interface morphology, the balance between FM/AFM coupling and the FM-spins coupling, and the numerical balance between minority and majority spins. It was also determined that the imprint phenomenon can be used to enhance the perpendicular exchange-bias for small partial insertions at the FM/AFM interface. An erratum to this article is available at.     

Anisotropy and field-dependence of the spin-density-wave dynamics in the quasi one-dimensional conductor (TMTSF)<Subscript>2</Subscript>PF<Subscript>6</Subscript>

Exchange biasing was studied in an exchange-spring system consisting of two ferrimagnetic films with different coercivity. Magnetite and Co-Fe ferrite were chosen as the soft and hard magnetic bilayer components, respectively. The samples were epitaxially grown on MgO single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The exchange-bias field was investigated as a function of system size and shape, magnetic field direction and magnetization reversal in the hard layer. A clear dependence of the exchange-bias field on the sample size and shape was found. This was attributed to an interplay between exchange and dipolar energies. Micromagnetic simulations agree with the experimental results.     

Size dependence of exchange bias in Co/CoO nanostructures

In Co/CoO nanostructures, of dimensions l×3l, at small Co thickness (≈6,10 nm), a strong increase in the bias field and the associated coercive field are found as the nanostructure size is reduced from l=120 nm to l=30 nm. This property indicates that the characteristic length D(AF) within the antiferromagnet which governs exchange-bias effects is the nanostructure size. By contrast, at larger Co thickness (≈23 nm), the exchange-bias field does not depend on the nanostructure size, implying that D(AF) is smaller than the nanostructure size. The results are discussed in the framework of the Malozemoff model, taking into account that the coupling between CoO grains is weak. Exchange bias is dominated either by coupling within the antiferromagnetic layer (6- and 10-nm-thick Co samples) or by ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic interfacial coupling (23-nm-thick Co sample).     

Theoretical study of the performance for short channel carbon nanotube transistors with asymmetric contacts

We have simulated short channel carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with asymmetric source and drain contacts using a coupled mode space approach within the non-equilibrium Green's function framework. The simulated results show that the asymmetric conduction properties under positive and negative drain-to-source voltages are caused by the asymmetric Schottky barriers to carriers at the source and drain contacts. Under negative drain-to-source voltages, hole and electron conduction are dominated by thermionic emission and tunneling through the Schottky barrier, respectively, leading to the different subthreshold behaviors of the hole and electron conduction. With increasing channel length, short channel effects can be suppressed effectively and ON/OFF ratio can be improved.     

A STUDY OF VARIOUS BARRIERS IN ENCLOSED SOUND FIELD BY USING THE COMPUTER PROGRAM—SOFIS

In the study of the behaviors of barriers in an enclosed field, one should take into account such phenomena as sound energy reflection, absorption, scattering and diffraction. Therefore, the study is much more difficult than that in free field. In this paper, sound barriers are classified into four kinds according to their size, number and shape. Each kind of barriers is modelled by a corresponding method based on a computer program—SOFIS. The program combines the ray-tracing technique and statistical method. The impulse response and some acoustical parameters such as sound pressure level at different positions can be calculated by the program, no matter there are a certain kind of barriers in the field or the field is empty. The ray-tracing program and the algorithms for various barriers are validated by the comparison between measurement and prediction of the reverberation room and the anechoic room of the Northwestern Polytechnic University.     

Beating oscillation and Fano resonance in the laser assisted electron transmission through graphene δ-function magnetic barriers

We investigate theoretically the transmission of electrons through a pair of δ-function magnetic barriers in graphene in presence of external monochromatic, linearly polarized and CW laser field. The transmission coefficients are calculated in the framework of non-perturbative Floquet theory using the transfer matrix method. It is noted that the usual Fabry–Perot oscillations in transmission through the graphene magnetic barriers with larger inter barrier separation takes the shape of beating oscillations in presence of the external laser field. The laser assisted transmission spectra are also found to exhibit the characteristic Fano resonances (FR) for smaller values of the inter barrier separation. The appearance of the perfect node in the beating oscillation and the asymmetric Fano line shape can be controlled by varying the intensity of the laser field. The above features could provide some useful and potential information about the light - matter interactions and may be utilized in the graphene based optoelectronic device applications.     

The Dilute Potts Model on Random Surfaces

We present a new solution of the asymmetric two-matrix model in the large-N limit which only involves a saddle point analysis. The model can be interpreted as Ising in the presence of a magnetic field, on random dynamical lattices with the topology of the sphere (resp. the disk) for closed (resp. open) surfaces; we elaborate on the resulting phase diagram. The method can be equally well applied to a more general (Q+1)-matrix model which represents the dilute Potts model on random dynamical lattices. We discuss in particular duality of boundary conditions for open random surfaces.     

Dynamical behaviors of an exciton in an asymmetric double coupled quantum dot

Dynamical behaviors of an exciton in an asymmetric double coupled quantum dot and an alternatingcurrent (ac) electric field have been analyzed based on the two-level approximation theory, and the conditions under which dynamical localization occurs are obtained. It shows that when the amplitude of the ac electric field is small, the Coulomb interaction plays an important role. The dynamical behaviors of the exciton are mainly confined in the low-level subspace. When the ratio of the field intensity to frequency is the root of Bessel function, electron and hole are localized in one dot, and they can be divided with the increasing amplitude of the ac electric field. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Semiconductors, 2005, 26(6) (in Chinese)     

A modified fermi model for wave-particle interactions in plasmas

Wave-particle interactions in plasmas are investigated through a nonlinear map that describes elastic collisions between an ensemble of particles and two barriers. The amplitude of the barriers, proportional to the energy of the wave, can increase or decrease due to the sequence of stochastic collisions. After an initial exponential decrease, the nonlinear strong trapping regime is characterized by low-frequency oscillations of the amplitude of the barriers around a certain saturation value. This is a transitory phenomenon stemming from the dynamical approach towards equilibrium in the wave-particle conservative system.     

Cooling-field dependence of exchange bias in Mg-diluted Ni1−xMgxO/Ni granular systems

The exchange-bias (EB) properties of Mg-diluted Ni_1−xMg_xO/Ni (0?x?0.3) granular systems have been investigated. Magnetic dilution with Mg greatly affects the EB field and the coercivity. The temperature dependence of the EB field and the coercivity can be explained in terms of formation of domain states. The value of the EB field increases and shows a maximum value with increasing cooling field, which can be explained by the competition between the field-dependent Zeeman energy and the exchange interaction at the interface.     

Sharp Change in the Exchange Bias and the Magnetic Anisotropy Symmetry at a Subthreshold Interlayer Copper Content in NiFe/Cu/IrMn Heterostructures

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The NiFe/Cu/IrMn heterostructures with a variable number of interlayer Cu atoms exhibit a sharp change in the exchange-bias field, the coercive...     

Simulating the time-dependent Ginzburg－Landau equations for type-II superconductors by finite-difference method

This article presents numerical solutions of the periodic time-dependent Ginzburg－Landau model for the type-II superconductors by a finite-difference approximation. Both the static and dynamical properties of a single vortex are studied as the external magnetic field varies. Vortex and anti-vortex can coexist and annihilate with time in the case of no external magnetic field, while the vortex will approach a steady state in the presence of magnetic field. We also study vortex dynamical behaviours while pinning centres exist in the sample and find that the pinning site, which has a significant potential to keep the vortex from moving, may trap the vortex.     

Self-interacting scalar field trapped in a DGP brane: The dynamical systems perspective

We apply the dynamical systems tools to study the linear dynamics of a self-interacting scalar field trapped on a DGP brane. The simplest kinds of self-interaction potentials are investigated: (a) constant potential, and (b) exponential potential. It is shown that the dynamics of DGP models can be very rich and complex. One of the most interesting results of this study shows that dynamical screening of the scalar field self-interaction potential, occurring within the Minkowski cosmological phase of the DGP model and that mimics 4D phantom behaviour, is an attractor solution for a constant self-interaction potential but not for the exponential one. In the latter case gravitational screening is not even a critical point of the corresponding autonomous system of ordinary differential equations.     

Spin-valley-dependent transport and giant tunneling magnetoresistance in silicene with periodic electromagnetic modulations

The transport property of electrons tunneling through arrays of magnetic and electric barriers is studied in silicene.In the tunneling transmission spectrum, the spin-valley-dependent filtered states can be achieved in an incident energy range which can be controlled by the electric gate voltage. For the parallel magnetization configuration, the transmission is asymmetric with respect to the incident angle θ, and electrons with a very large negative incident angle can always transmit in propagating modes for one of the spin-valley filtered states under a certain electromagnetic condition. But for the antiparallel configuration, the transmission is symmetric about θ and there is no such transmission channel. The difference of the transmission between the two configurations leads to a giant tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR) effect.The TMR can reach to 100% in a certain Fermi energy interval around the electrostatic potential. This energy interval can be adjusted significantly by the magnetic field and/or electric gate voltage. The results obtained may be useful for future valleytronic and spintronic applications, as well as magnetoresistance device based on silicene.     

交变电场驱动下三量子点中双电子的动力学

采用三点哈巴德模型及弗洛盖定理．研究了交变电场驱动下线形三量子点分子中双电子的动力学行为。由于系统哈密顿量中不包含自旋反转项,所以系统单态和三重态子空间是完全解耦的,可以分开进行讨论。研究表明,自旋三重态九维子空间还可以进一步分解成三个不相耦合的子空间,在每一个子空间中,动力学行为与交变电场驱动的双量子点中双电子的动力学行为相似。对自旋单态6维子空间,数值计算还表明,在合适的外加交变电场驱动下,电子在量子点之间的隧穿被抑制．初始局域在一个量子点中的两个电子能够在一定时间内保持其局域状态。