涡旋光束的产生与干涉

分别从理论上和实验上研究了涡旋光束的产生和干涉现象.理论上分析了分数阶和整数阶涡旋光束同球面波以及平面波的干涉情况,并从实验上得出了其干涉图形.实验结果和理论模拟基本上一致.研究表明,随着涡旋光束拓扑荷数的变化,干涉图形也会产生变化.这一现象可用于测定分数阶涡旋光束的拓扑荷数.     

多环涡旋光束的实验研究

涡旋光束的产生、传输与应用是当前光学领域热门的研究课题之一.本文提出的新型多环涡旋光束,包括双环涡旋及三环涡旋光束,它是由多束携带不同拓扑电荷数且束腰半径不同的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束共轴叠加而成,其光强分布为多环结构.从理论上研究了多环涡旋光束的形成与分布特征,基于共轭对称延拓Fourier计算全息方法生成了多环涡旋光束的计算全息图,并利用一个空间光调制器实验产生了与理论一致的高质量的多环涡旋光束.研究表明多环涡旋光束的各环携带不同的轨道角动量,空间分布保持相互独立.这种新型的多环涡旋光束相对于携带单一拓扑电荷数的涡旋光束,提供了更多的控制参数和更加多样化的结构分布,因此在光学镊子、光学捕获等微操控以及光通信领域具有潜在的应用潜力.     

超高斯涡旋光束在空间中的传输特性

研究了超高斯涡旋光束光强最大值、光斑半径以及环围能量半径等参数随传输距离和拓扑荷数的变化规律,并与高斯涡旋光束做了比较,结果表明:超高斯涡旋光束的光斑半径和环围能量半径随拓扑荷数及传输距离呈近似线性关系;对同一拓扑荷数和传输距离,高斯涡旋光束的能量较超高斯涡旋光束要发散;当拓扑荷数较大时,超高斯涡旋光束的光斑半径比高斯涡旋光束更大。针对光束质量研究了广义光束质量因子随传输距离和拓扑荷数的变化,结果表明传输距离足够远时,拓扑荷数较小的超高斯涡旋光束具有更好的光束质量。     

部分相干幂指数相位涡旋光束的传输特性研究

本文针对部分相干幂指数相位涡旋光束的传输特性开展研究,首先建立了部分相干幂指数相位涡旋光束的传输理论模型;然后,仿真研究了部分相干幂指数相位涡旋光束在自由空间和ABCD光学系统中的传输特性,研究结果表明部分相干幂指数相位涡旋光束在自由空间传输时,拓扑荷数、幂指数和相干长度都对光强的分布有着一定的影响,而随着传播距离的增大光斑的面积逐渐增大;当光束在聚焦系统中传输时,只有拓扑荷数和幂指数的变化会影响光强的分布,而相干长度对光束整体强度的分布没有太大的影响,只影响了光斑的质量.本文研究成果揭示了部分相干幂指数相位涡旋光束的传输特性,为其在光学捕获等领域的应用打下了理论基础,对促进新型光场调控理论及应用研究具有重要的意义.     

线偏振相位涡旋光束的像散特性

提出采用像散系数表征涡旋光束的像散特性。利用螺旋相位板产生了线偏振相位涡旋光束,并对其光束质量及像散特性进行了实际测量。数值模拟了不同拓扑荷数的涡旋光束的传输特性及光束质量,分析了像散系数随拓扑荷数变化的规律,结果表明:当拓扑荷数为整数时,光束无像散,像散系数为零;当拓扑荷数为半奇数时,光束的像散特性明显,像散系数达到极大值;随着拓扑荷数整数部分的增加,像散系数的极大值减小。     

单环多段光强分布检测光学涡旋拓扑荷值

针对涡旋光束检测范围局限这一问题, 提出了一种新的光学涡旋拓扑荷值检测方法-单环多段光强分布检测法, 它以分段数和环半径为两大检测常数, 将检测涡旋光束拓扑荷值范围扩大到了128种, 与以往利用旁瓣调控光学涡旋检测拓扑荷值方法相比, 检测范围扩大了1个数量级. 单环多段光强分布是基于计算机全息图实现在远场衍射焦平面上环半径相等的两束携带不同拓扑荷数的涡旋光束叠加后形成的光强分布. 计算机模拟和光学实验验证了所提出方法的可行性, 该方法在自由空间光通信领域具有一定的研究价值和应用潜力.     

等离子体中涡旋光束自聚焦与成丝现象的模拟研究

涡旋光束在低密度等离子体传输过程中出现的非线性物理效应与光子携带的轨道角动量(拓扑荷)存在密切关联.基于亥姆霍兹方程理论获得描述涡旋光束传输的旁轴近似方程,解析求出涡旋光束在低密度等离子体中传输的自聚焦临界功率表达式.利用分步傅里叶数值方法,针对不同参数条件下涡旋光束的自聚焦和成丝现象进行了模拟分析.研究结果表明,涡旋光束的拓扑荷数决定了自聚焦临界功率大小.涡旋光束发生成丝不稳定性现象的功率阈值和最大成丝数目与拓扑荷数存在密切关联.     

水下拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束及其叠加态传输特性

通过实验研究了拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束及其叠加态在水下湍流中的传输特性,充分考虑了不同温度差和盐度差的水流扩散产生的湍流对4种光束（高斯光束,阶数为0、拓扑荷数为6的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束,阶数为1、拓扑荷数为2与阶数为0、拓扑荷数为6的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光叠加,阶数为1、拓扑荷数为2与阶数为0、拓扑荷数为10的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光叠加）传输的影响,并对4种光束的漂移方差和闪烁指数进行深入讨论与分析。实验结果表明：随着湍流强度的增大,4种光束的漂移方差和闪烁指数都增大,相比其他3种光束,拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束的漂移方差和闪烁指数较小;在较弱的湍流强度下,两种涡旋光叠加态的漂移方差和闪烁指数与拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束相近。     

聚焦部分相干涡旋光束的焦移

基于部分相干光的传输理论获得了部分相干涡旋光束被光阑透镜聚焦后的传输方程。基于这些方程研究了部分相干涡旋光束的焦移现象。研究结果表明,部分相干涡旋光束的焦移不仅依赖于菲涅耳数,而且依赖于光束的相干长度和涡旋光束的拓扑荷数。菲涅耳数越小,焦移量越大;部分相干涡旋光束的相干长度越小,焦移量越大;涡旋光束的拓扑荷数越大,焦移量越大。     

椭圆涡旋光束在海洋湍流中的传输特性

本文采用分步相位屏方法来仿真椭圆涡旋光束在海洋中的实际传输情况,并对椭圆涡旋光束在海洋湍流中的传输光强和闪烁因子进行了仿真。研究发现,椭圆涡旋光束在海洋传输过程中,光斑会发生明显的旋转,同时光斑会产生暗核且暗核个数与光束的拓扑荷数相等。一个拓扑荷数为m的相位奇点会分裂成m个拓扑荷数为1的相位奇点,并且海洋湍流越强,光斑受到的干扰越严重。研究还发现,在较弱的海洋湍流中,随着传输距离的增加,椭圆涡旋光束的闪烁因子会低于高斯光束和涡旋光束的闪烁因子,而且在远距离处拓扑荷数越大闪烁因子降低越明显,同时也发现,传播一段距离后涡旋光束的闪烁因子会低于高斯光束的闪烁因子。在较强湍流中,椭圆涡旋光束的闪烁因子会交叠在一起。对于不同强度的海洋湍流,随着均方温度耗散率的增大,椭圆涡旋光束的轴上点闪烁因子也增大。在同一传输距离处,束腰宽度越小的椭圆涡旋光束闪烁因子越小。     

Experimental verification on tightly focused radially polarized vortex beams

The theoretical and experimental results of tightly focused radially polarized vortex beams are demonstrated. An auto-focus technology is introduced into the measurement system in order to enhance the measurement precision, and the radially polarized vortex beams are generated by a liquid-crystal polarization converter and a vortex phase plate. The focused fields of radially polarized vortex beams with different topological charges at numerical apertures （NAs） of 0.65 and 0.85 are measured respectively, and the results indicate that the total intensity distribution at focus is dependent not only on the NA of the focusing objective lens and polarization pattern of the beam but also on the topological charge l of the beam. Some unique focusing properties of radially polarized vortex beams with fractional topological charges are presented based on numerical calculations. The experimental verification paves the way for some practical applications of radially polarized vortex beams, such as in optical trapping, near-field microscopy, and material processing.     

数字全息术测定涡旋光束拓扑电荷数

提出了一种基于数字全息技术测定涡旋光束拓扑电荷数的方法.该方法通过数字全息技术获取涡旋光束和参考光的全息图并重构出涡旋光束的波前相位,判定相位围绕相位奇点的周期性分布来测定涡旋光束的拓扑电荷数.在拓扑电荷数取值分别为整数和分数的情况下,通过对数值模拟和实验结果的比较,表明该方法能够较准确地测定出拓扑电荷数.     

Tight Focusing Properties of Azimuthally Polarized Pair of Vortex Beams through a Dielectric Interface

Tight focusing properties of an azimuthally polarized Gaussian beam with a pair of vortices through a dielectric interface is theoretically investigated by vector diffraction theory. For the incident beam with a pair of vortices of opposite topological charges, the vortices move toward each other, annihilate and revive in the vicinity of focal plane,which results in the generation of many novel focal patterns. The usable focal structures generated through the tight focusing of the double-vortex beams may find applications in micro-particle trapping, manipulation,and material processing, etc.     

Measuring the topological charge of integer and fraction vortices using multipoint plates

The topological charge of integral vortex beams with a single circle of multipoints has previously been measured. In this work, we theoretically and experimental study the diffraction patterns of vortex beams of integral and fractional topological charges using a single circle and two circles of multipoint plates. It is found that the diffraction patterns are dependent not only on the multipoint plates, but also on the topological charge of the vortex beams. On the basis of this property, we can measure the topological charges of integral and fractional vortex beams.     

Free-space propagation of second harmonic beams carrying optical vortices

A vorticity of free propagating SH beam produced in nonlinear crystal by combined beam composed of two coaxial Laguerre–Gaussian vortex beams is analyzed. It is revealed that the vortical structures of SH beam in the near and far fields are different when two vortex beams are carrying vortices with topological charges of different signs. The diffraction of SH beam under free propagation is investigated. A qualitative agreement of the theoretical predictions with experimental results is obtained.     

Compound Vortex Metalens with Linearly Polarized Encryption

In view of the rapid development of nano-fabrication technology and the wide application of composite vortex fields, a kind of compound vortex metalens with polarization encryption is proposed. The proposed compound vortex metalens can simultaneously generate compound vortex beams with double annular strengths, unequal topological charges, and specific polarization states in different radial regions, which have the characteristic of higher dimensional singularity. The compound vortex metalens consisting of rectangular nanoholes works under linearly polarized light illumination, and the topological charges of the generated compound vortex beam can be modulated through rotating nanoholes. Simulation results and theoretical analysis verify the reliability of polarization-coded compound vortex beam metalens. The variation of polarized encrypted transmission field with the incident polarized angle shows the broader performance of polarization encryption compound vortex metalens. The multiple singularities and polarization encryption properties of the generated compound vortex beams combining with the integrated metasurface will be helpful for broadening the applications of singular beams.     

Adaptive correction of vortex laser beam in a closed-loop system with phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulator

We propose and demonstrate the wave front correction of a vortex laser beam by using dual phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) and a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. One phase only LC-SLM is used to generate vortex laser beam by loading spiral phase screen onto the wave front of input quasi-Gaussian beam. The other phase only LC-SLM under SPGD controller based on the subzone control method adaptively compensates the wave front of vortex laser beam. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that after correction, vortex doughnut like beam is focused into a beam with airy disk pattern distribution in the far field. The adaptive corrections of vortex laser beam with different optical topological charges are studied. The results show that the optical topological charge has little influence on adaptive correction. The powers in the main lobe of far field intensity distributions of vortex laser beams with different optical topological charges are all greatly improved by adaptive correction. The technique proposed in this paper can be used in optical communication, relay mirror and atmospheric turbulence correction.     

Propagation of partially coherent double-vortex beams in turbulent atmosphere

Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle, we study the propagation properties of partially coherent double-vortex beams in turbulent atmosphere. The intensity distribution of the beams on propagation and the influence of the characteristic parameters are investigated in great detail. It is shown that when the beams propagate in turbulent atmosphere, the intensity distributions are of double-ring structure near the source plane, but they will experience change, which are determined by the topological charges, the spatial coherence, source beam width and atmospheric turbulence. These results may have applications in space optical communication.