共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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本文的目的在于探索一种新的适用于红外热波检测技术的热激励方式——太赫兹(THz)热激励. 文中介绍了THz波周期性热激励的热传导理论模型; 尝试利用返波振荡器(返波管backward wave oscillator, BWO)太赫兹源对一块碳纤维基底吸波涂层板进行周期性THz热激励, 红外热像仪连续观测和记录试件表面温场变化, Canny边缘算法处理热图像显示缺陷; 检测结果与闪光灯脉冲激励的结果进行比较, 讨论了太赫兹波激励红外热波检测技术可能的优势. 实现了THz技术与红外热波无损检测技术的结合. 相似文献
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热波成像技术是人们根据热波形成的机理,并与现代扫描电镜实验技术相结合而进行的一种显微成像技术。该技术对物质表面和亚表面缺陷进行非破坏性无损检测具有独特的优越性。一、热波成像技术的物理过程热波成像技术按其检测信号方式的不同,可分为两类:第一类为气体传声器光声检测系统,第二类为压电光(电子)声检测系统。气体传声器光声检测系统使用得最早,也最为普遍。在这里,用于热波成像的光源是经过聚焦的激光束,当强度受到调制、且经过聚焦的一束激光通过透明窗口照射在密闭空腔内的试样上时,试样吸收光能,并把光能转变为热能,热能以热波的形式出现,从样品内部传播到样品的表面上. 相似文献
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热声压力波放大器的湍流模型及实验验证 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
热声压力波放大器是一种利用声学特性将压力波幅值进行放大的一种装置,它主要用来连接热声发动机和其驱动的制冷机,增大制冷机的驱动压比.由于声学压力波放大器内的压力幅值通常较大,流动速度也非常大,所以用线性热声理论难以对其进行准确的计算.本文通过对线性热声理论进行修正,获得了热声压力波放大器内湍流流动的修正方法,并对该修正方法进行了实验验证.研究结果表明,通过修正后的理论模型可以对热声压力波放大器进行较为准确的计算.该计算模型预计在其它的一些交变流动系统中也具有一定的适用性. 相似文献
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针对接触式超声检测方法在金属板结构内部缺陷实际工程检测中存在的环境要求高、效率低、操作难度高等问题,提出了空耦超声Lamb波检测方法,该方法能更好地适应现场应用环境,提高检测效率,减少传感器数量。通过有限元仿真和实验分析比较了空耦超声检测与接触式超声检测两种方法接收到的信号和成像效果。结果表明:有限元仿真和实验中,空耦超声检测方法对缺陷位置的定位误差分别为2 mm和3.6 mm,接触式检测方法对缺陷位置的定位误差分别为2 mm和11.3 mm,空耦检测具有较高的定位精度;单侧激励条件下,适合采用A0模态Lamb波对板内缺陷进行检测;空耦超声检测可以通过调整信号接收角度接收单一模态Lamb波,避免伪像产生。该方法为后续金属板状结构内部缺陷的空耦超声检测提供参考。 相似文献
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作为热波无损检测技术中的关键环节,热波图像分割对结构损伤的有效识别与准确评估具有重要影响。为克服红外热波图像背景噪声大,对比度低等因素对损伤识别的影响,提出了一种基于支持向量机的热波图像分割方法。该方法首先采用Wiener滤波对热波图像进行预处理,然后随机选取目标区域和背景区域内多个像素点的像素值组成目标向量与背景向量,对基于多项式核函数的支持向量机进行训练,最后将训练好的分类器应用于不同的热波图像,实现热波图像的分割。试验结果表明:该方法可有效克服热波图像背景噪声大的问题,较好地保留了缺陷区域分割的完整性;与基于硬阈值的图像分割方法相比,该方法能更好地抑制背景区域的噪声干扰,更有利于损伤的识别与评估。 相似文献
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根据爱因斯坦狭义相对论,热量具有其对应的相对论质量,并且引入了描述热质(热量)运动的连续方程、动量方程.本文根据热质(热量)运动控制方程组,导出了热质(热量)的波动方程,证明了热量具有波动的传递方式,当热质动能与热质的耗散在同一量级时,得到了有限的热波传播速度.分析了热波产生的物理机制.基于热质理论的热波模型与CV模型进行了比较,指出了CV模型在物理上的缺陷.最后对一维热波的传播过程进行了数值模拟,给出了超快速导热过程的物理图像. 相似文献
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SiC以优异的物理性能和良好的工艺性能,逐渐成为大型空间成像光学系统主镜的首选轻量化光学材料. SiC镜坯制备及加工过程中引入的亚表面缺陷会严重影响最终的镜面质量以及光学系统的成像品质.针对SiC材料亚表面缺陷的检测问题,本文采用光热辐射技术进行分析:分别建立均匀样品的单层理论模型和含空气层缺陷的三层理论模型,用于计算无缺陷和存在缺陷区域的光热辐射信号.通过对三层理论模型信号的相位仿真分析,提出利用相位差-频率曲线的特征频率估算缺陷深度的经验公式;利用光热辐射装置测量存在亚表面缺陷的SiC样品,分析缺陷区域的光热辐射信号分布,利用经验公式计算缺陷深度,并与缺陷实际深度分布进行对比分析.实验与计算结果显示,光热辐射技术能有效探测SiC镜坯的亚表面缺陷及其形貌,并且对于界面与样品相对平行且较为平缓的亚表面缺陷,其缺陷深度可通过经验公式准确确定. 相似文献
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S. Gryś 《Opto-Electronics Review》2011,19(2):234-241
A new kind of thermal contrast, called “filtered contrast” is presented, which allows detecting and characterizing material
defects using active thermography under some assumptions on physical and thermal parameters of materials. In opposition to
known definitions of the thermal contrast, knowledge about defect-free area is not necessary and this contrast is less sensitive
to nonuniformity of heat disposal to the material surface. The measurements were performed on an experimental setup equipped
with a ThermaCAM PM 595 infrared camera and frame grabber. The step heating was chosen as heat excitation. The results demonstrate
usefulness of the 1D model of heat transfer used for determination of depth of subsurface defects. The influence of the parameter
of the smoothing filter, required for filtered contrast implementation, thermal parameters of the tested material and defect
on expanded uncertainty of determination of defect depth is also presented. Due to significant complexity of the model of
heat transfer, the conditions for the “law of propagation of uncertainty” were not fulfilled and a numerical method, i.e.,
Monte Carlo simulation is applied for the propagation of distributions. 相似文献
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针对大口径望远镜主镜在环境温度变化和太阳辐照变化引起的温度场变化进行了理论分析,根据圆柱坐标下设立的非稳态热传导方程和边界条件,利用分离变量法和格林函数法求解了主镜的温度场分布。为了验证求解的有效性,利用求得的温度场解析式和有限元软件分别分析了2.8 m口径望远镜实心主镜,反射面径向温度分布具有良好的一致性。表明该理论解析式能够较好地反映主镜反射面的温度场分布。将轻量化主镜进行无筋板的薄型镜热模型等效,并分别对两种镜子的温度场进行仿真计算,以此验证等效模型的正确性。轻量化主镜温度场的等效理论计算结果在主镜的早期设计研究阶段具有良好的参考价值。 相似文献
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基于双曲型热传导方程,采用镜像法和波函数展开法,求解了含亚表面异质圆柱缺陷的半无限功能梯度材料的表面温度场,给出了功能梯度材料中热波散射的一般解.分析了亚表面异质圆柱缺陷的几何参数(如埋藏深度)和热物理参数(如导热系数、热扩散长度、热扩散率及热弛豫时间等)对功能梯度材料表面温度场的影响.温度波由调制的超短脉冲激光在功能梯度材料表面激发,异质圆柱缺陷表面的边界条件为导热边界.研究结果可望为功能梯度材料的红外热波无损检测、导热反问题提供计算方法和参考数据. 相似文献
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The existing inverse methods used to determine the heat flux density require that the forward problem and the problem domain (geometry) be known. In this paper, in order to determine the spatiotemporal heat flux density without knowing the real problem domain, we propose an approach based on temporal tracking of the thermal front. The proposed approach is particularly relevant when a three-dimensional formulation is adopted for nondestructive testing using infrared thermography. For such a formulation, heat flux density resulting from the external thermal stimulus is needed and must be determined to accurately characterize the defects and reconstruct the internal geometry of the inspected objects. The proposed approach uses only two inputs: the time-dependent temperature of the frontal surface recorded by an infrared camera and the 3D point cloud of the frontal surface collected by a 3D scanner. The method is evaluated numerically on an object of complex shape. We consider the case of pulsed thermal stimulus as well as the cases of unit step and modulated thermal stimuli. An experimental validation is performed on a cylindrical object submitted to a pulsed thermal stimulus and a modulated thermal stimulus. The results show the accuracy of the method which can easily be implemented as the initial step of the three-dimensional quantitative nondestructive testing of objects using infrared thermography. 相似文献
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A. Turgut C. Sauter M. Chirtoc J. F. Henry S. Tavman I. Tavman J. Pelzl 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2008,153(1):349-352
We present a new application of a hot wire sensor for
simultaneous and independent measurement of thermal conductivity k and
diffusivity α of (nano)fluids, based on a hot wire thermal probe with ac
excitation and 3 ω lock-in detection. The theoretical modeling of imaginary
part of the signal yields the k value while the phase yields the α value. Due
to modulated heat flow in cylindrical geometry with a radius comparable to
the thermal diffusion length, the necessary sample quantity is kept very
low, typically 25μl. In the case of relative measurements, the
resolution is 0.1% in k and 0.3% in α. Measurements of water-based
Aerosil 200V nanofluids indicate that ultrasound treatment is more efficient
than high pressure dispersion method in enhancing their thermal parameters. 相似文献
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An attempt to apply the temperature peak model to describe the formation of defects and tracks in semiconductor crystals is made for the first time. The temperature dependences of model parameters, such as specific heat, thermal conductivity, and electron-phonon coupling coefficient are obtained. Agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data for InP and Ge crystals irradiated by ultrafast heavy ions indicates the adequacy of the model, with which one can evaluate the temperature of the local area near the ion trajectory, as well as the diameters of the molten region and experimentally observed track region. The diameter of the cylindrical molten region that forms along the path of 250-MeV Xe+ ions in InP is predicted to be 20 nm, and the measured cross-sectional diameters of the tracks fall into the range 7–15 nm. 相似文献
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For the measurement of the thermal capacity and the thermal conductivity of films, the thermal excitation of the sample is commonly performed by the absorption of light. This results in a spatial and temporal temperature distribution within the film. With a variety of methods static or dynamic temperature recordings are performed.Two problems with these methods are discussed, the calculation of the temperature distribution in the film and the measurement of the mean surface temperature of the film. An analytical solution of the heat conduction problem for a cylindrical geometry with any radial distribution of the absorbed light is given. Resistive bolometers are introduced for the measurement of the mean surface temperature of the film within a circular area. Experiments with a 25 m thick PVDF film give excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations within the modulation frequency range 10–3 Hz to 103 Hz, thus allowing a determination of various thermal parameters of the investigated film. 相似文献