Rhn、Con(n=3～56)团簇的结构特性研究

采用半经验的Gupta多体势结合遗传算法对Rhn、Con(n=3~56)团簇的基态结构特性进行了系统的研究.除在n=18~40尺寸范围内有少数团簇的构型不同,两种团簇具有相似的几何结构.在Rhn、Con(n=3~56)团簇的生长中,存在类Ih构型与类fcc构型之间的竞争,对于n≤24,两种团簇都从紧致密堆积结构过渡为类二十面体构型,Rh38及Co38为具有Oh对称性的类fcc构型,从n=39开始,铑团簇和钴团簇都呈现出明显的Ih生长模式.两种团簇的平均束缚能随原子数目的增加而增大,且在所研究的尺寸范围内铑团簇的平均结合能高于钴团簇.Rhn、Con(n=3~56)团簇具有相同的幻数序列:n=13,19,23,38,55.     

不同势下铱团簇结构和熔化行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法及淬火技术,结合Gupta势和Sutton-Chen势,模拟研究了包含13,14,55,56,147及148个原子数的铱团簇的熔化行为. 结果表明,Gupta势和Sutton-Chen势对所研究的Ir团簇的基态几何结构和熔化行为给出了基本一致的描述：两种不同势给出了完全相同的基态几何结构;两种势给出的Ir团簇熔点及预熔化区间随团簇尺寸的变化关系基本一致;对于小Ir_n团簇（n=13,14）两类势均表现出比热峰值相对于均方根键长涨落饱和值滞后的现象. 但是 关键词： 铱团簇 分子动力学 Gupta势和Sutton-Chen势 熔化     

Rhn,Ptn(n=2～20)团簇基态结构的遗传算法研究

用遗传算法结合Gupta紧束缚模型势研究了Rhn, Ptn(n=2～20)团簇的最低能量结构.当n≤13时,两种团簇具有相似的几何结构,都从密堆积结构向二十面体结构演化;当n＞13时,铑团簇的基态结构倾向于有序结构,而铂团簇的基态结构则倾向于无序结构.Rhn, Ptn(n=2～20)团簇中每个原子的平均束缚能和配位数随团簇尺寸的增加而增大.能量的二阶差分给出Rhn, Ptn(n=2～20)团簇的幻数是4,6,13,15.     

Irn(n=2-25)团簇基态结构的遗传算法研究

用遗传算法结合Gupta紧束缚模型势研究了Irn(n=2-25)团簇的基态结构.分析了Irn(n=2-25)团簇的基态结构随团簇尺寸的变化规律.计算结果表明,Irn(n=2-25)团簇的每个原子的平均束缚能和平均第一近邻随团簇尺寸的增加而增大,以总束缚能的二阶差分为判据,Irn(n=2-25)团簇的幻数是4、7、9、13、15、19、23.     

Fen、Nin(n=2～100)团簇基态结构与能量的模拟淬火算法研究

采用Gupta多体势结合分子动力学模拟退火及淬火方法、分别求解了Fen及Nin(n=2～100)团簇的最低能几何结构及能量. 结果表明：在所研究尺寸范围内除少数团簇的结构不同外,两类团簇具有相似的基态几何结构,在两类团簇结构演化中皆存在类Ih、类Oh、类D5h和Ih&D5h互嵌套类构型之间的竞争;分析团簇二阶差分能和剩余能表明两类团簇共同的幻数序列为：n=13、19、23、38及55,不同处为Ni26及Fe75 也分别为相应体系幻数团簇．对两类团簇分析其平均最近邻原子间距及平均配位数均可给出幻数成因．在所研究团簇尺寸范围内二者平均结合能均表现出随团簇尺寸增大而总体增大的普遍趋势,但Ni团簇的能量演化明显快于Fe团簇,这与实验观测镍团簇磁性演化明显快于铁团簇是完全一致的．     

Fen、Nin(n=2～100)团簇基态结构与能量的模拟淬火算法研究

采用Gupta多体势结合分子动力学模拟退火及淬火方法、分别求解了Fen及Nin(n=2～100)团簇的最低能几何结构及能量. 结果表明：在所研究尺寸范围内除少数团簇的结构不同外，两类团簇具有相似的基态几何结构，在两类团簇结构演化中皆存在类Ih、类Oh、类D5h和Ih&D5h互嵌套类构型之间的竞争；分析团簇二阶差分能和剩余能表明两类团簇共同的幻数序列为：n=13、19、23、38及55，不同处为Ni26及Fe75 也分别为相应体系幻数团簇．对两类团簇分析其平均最近邻原子间距及平均配位数均可给出幻数成因．在所研究团簇尺寸范围内二者平均结合能均表现出随团簇尺寸增大而总体增大的普遍趋势，但Ni团簇的能量演化明显快于Fe团簇，这与实验观测镍团簇磁性演化明显快于铁团簇是完全一致的．     

混合团簇Cu13-nAgn(n≤13)基态结构的遗传算法研究

在混合团簇基态结构优化的遗传算法方案中增加了交换算子,结合Gupta紧束缚模型势研究了Cu13-nAgn团簇的最低能量结构,选择合适的交换和杂交概率,可有效地提高优化效率,优化结果表明,Cu13和Ag13是全对称的二十面体,n=1～10的混合团簇能形成稳定结构,其构型是在二十面体基础上发生畸变,Cu原子趋于处在团簇中心,随着Ag原子数目的增加,原子间的平均距离单调增加,团簇的结合能单调减小,Cu2Ag11和CuAg12只存在亚稳结构.     

Nin(n=2～20)团簇的结构

使用经验势和遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm),得到了Nin(n=2～20)团簇的平衡结构和束缚能.对于小的团簇(Ni2～Ni6),所得到的结果与基于第一性原理密度泛函的计算相一致.结果表明,团簇的结构不同于块体且随尺度发生引人注日的变化.每原子平均束缚能Eb随尺度单调增长.根据过渡金属团簇表面原子配位数与电离势(IP)的一个解析表达式计算所得的电离势与实验结果基本一致.由基态能量对分裂途径(Fragmentation Channels)的分析表明,失去二聚体(Dimer)在能量上是优先的.同时将计算所得的结构与Nin团簇吸收N2的实验所推得的结构进行了比较.     

Co-Ag与Co-Au合金团簇核层结构模拟

钴基二元合金团簇具有特殊催化和电磁性能已成为研究的热点.探究Co-Ag与Co-Au团簇稳定结构是研究其性质的重要步骤.运用基于内核构建的自适应免疫优化算法对大尺寸Co_(55)Ag_n、Co_(55)Au_n(n=1-55, 60, 70, 80, 92)团簇结构进行优化.基于紧束缚势二阶矩近似的多体Gupta势函数被用于描述合金团簇原子间相互作用.计算结果显示Co_(55)Ag_n、Co_(55)Au_n(n=1-55, 60)最稳定结构的主要构型为Mackay二十面体.原子分布分析显示Co原子位于内层,而Ag、Au原子均趋于分布在外层,呈现出核层状态.对于大尺寸Co_(55)Ag_n、Co_(55)Au_n(n=80, 92)团簇,Co-Ag团簇采取无定形结构,而Co-Au团簇为规则的二十面体结构.     

Ni_n(n=2～20)团簇的结构

使用经验势和遗传算法 (GeneticAlgorithm) ,得到了Nin(n =2～ 2 0 )团簇的平衡结构和束缚能。对于小的团簇 (Ni2 ～Ni6) ,所得到的结果与基于第一性原理密度泛函的计算相一致。结果表明 ,团簇的结构不同于块体且随尺度发生引人注日的变化。每原子平均束缚能Eb 随尺度单调增长。根据过渡金属团簇表面原子配位数与电离势 (IP)的一个解析表达式计算所得的电离势与实验结果基本一致。由基态能量对分裂途径(FragmentationChannels)的分析表明 ,失去二聚体 (Dimer)在能量上是优先的。同时将计算所得的结构与Nin团簇吸收N2 的实验所推得的结构进行了比较     

A General Approach for the Exact Solution of the Schrödinger Equation

The Schrödinger equation is solved exactly for some well known potentials. Solutions are obtained reducing the Schrödinger equation into a second order differential equation by using an appropriate coordinate transformation. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations to get energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions.     

A New Type of Shape-Invariant Potential

It has been shown that Hulthen potental and isotonic harmonic oscillator potential are shape-invariant potentials with a translation of parameters, and isotonic harmonic oscillator potential and three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential belong to a type of shape-invariant potentials.     

Absolute spectroscopic determination of cross-membrane potential

Spectroscopic determination of the cross-membrane electric potential has been used for more than 20 years. This method, which usually employs absorption or fluorescence measurements, allows for a rapid and noninvasive study of the electrical properties of the membranes of cells and liposomes. However, the usual fluorescence techniques preferably allow monitoring changes in the potential on triggerable or excitable membranes, and not the absolute value of the potential. They also do not provide means for measuring the potential on single cells. This paper reviews three methods that solve these issues. Nernstian dyes which partition between intra-and extracompartmental volumes enable a fluorescence microscopic determination of a single cell and even a single organelle. Dual-wavelength ratiometric recording from membrane-staining dyes also provides means for measuring the field on a single cell. Resonance Raman probes provide a spectroscopic method with a natural internal standard for the absolute measurement of membrane potential.     

Extraction of interatomic potentials from structure of liquids

The connection between interatomic potentials and structure functions of liquids is studied. The expressions for two- and three-body potentials are obtained. The contribution of three-body effects is found to be significant, reaching several per cent of the ground-state energy. Presented at the 2nd International Conference “Physics of Liquid Matter: Modern Problems” (September 2003, Kyiv, Ukraine)     

能量自洽法的建立以及对异核双原子分子的应用

介绍了一种研究双原子分子势能函数的新方法 -能量自洽法的建立、它的物理思想、它的部分应用成果     

MM-4中电位和分布实验

本文描述了用静电探针测量探针悬浮电位的方法,给出了MM-4电位分布的实验结果。结果表明,轴向电位分布不对称;在等离子体中沿轴向和径向存在双离子位阱。在离子能谱测量中观察到双离子温度。产生这样电位分布的机制,归于会切系统中的斯托沫区和电子枪的不同工作方式。测量的等离子体电位为-200——300V。     

The true potential energy curves for different states of SiO and SiS molecules

The true potential energy curves forX ¹ Σ ⁺, a³ π _r,A ¹ π,e ³ Σ ⁻,E ¹ Σ ⁺,c ³ π _i states of astrophysically important molecule SiO, whose spectra were observed in the sunspots, have been constructed using the method of Lakshman and Rao. Dissociation energy and ionization potential have been estimated as 65,350 cm⁻¹ and 92,854 cm⁻¹ respectively and found to be in good agreement with the values cited in literature. The true potential energy curves forX ¹ Σ ⁺,D ¹ π andE ¹ Σ ⁺ states of SiS molecule have been constructed by the same method and its dissociation energy in the ground state has been estimated using Hulburt-Hirschfelder potential function as 54,765 cm⁻¹ in good agreement with 53,250.9 cm⁻¹ given by Herzberg.     

Thermodynamic study of fluid in terms of equation of state containing physical parameters

We introduce a simple condition for one mole fluid by considering the thermodynamics of molecules pointing towards the effective potential for the cluster.Efforts are made to estimate new physical parameter f in liquid state using the equation of state containing only two physical parameters such as the hard sphere diameter and binding energy.The temperature dependence of the structural properties and the thermodynamic behavior of the clusters are studied.Computations based on f predict the variation of numbers of particles at the contact point of the molecular cavity(radial distribution function).From the thermodynamic profile of the fluid,the model results are discussed in terms of the cavity due to the closed surface along with suitable energy.The present calculation is based upon the sample thermodynamic data for n-hexanol,such as the ultrasonic wave,density,volume expansion coefficient,and ratio of specific heat in the liquid state,and it is consistent with the thermodynamic relations containing physical parameters such as size and energy.Since the data is restricted to n-hexanol,we avoid giving the physical meaning of f,which is the key parameter studied in the present work.     

无限势阱中负δ势的低能态

给出了无限势阱中负的δ势存在能量等于或小于零低能态的必要条件,并给出相应能态波函数的表示式和能级公式.