边界振动的微腔中薛定谔猫态的产生

采用全量子理论,考虑了边界振动的微腔(振动边界视作频率为ωm的量子谐振子)与单模辐射场构成的系统,在薛定谔绘景中,给出了系统的时间演化算符,得到了系统的态函数随时间的演化关系.结果表明,当振动边界回到初态时的腔场态能给出许多与已有文献不同的薛定谔猫态,且通过调整单模辐射场的频率可以选择想要的薛定谔猫态.     

粒子反应中初态粒子的阈能和末态粒子的最大能量问题

给出一种不依赖于具体动量图象求粒子反应中初态粒子的阈能和末态粒子最大能量的方法，并就常见的粒子反应作了讨论。     

几类相干态的量子保真度

在坐标表象下,研究了几类相干态的量子保真度,对于相干态,我们给出了量子保真度的解析表达式,考查了谐振子特征长度 ,平移距离 对保真度的影响;对于相干态 与 的叠加态,考查了初态量子干涉对量子保真度的影响,结论表明：量子保真度呈周期性;与相干态的量子保真度比较而言,当谐振子处于第二类相干态时,量子干涉能抑制量子态失真,当谐振子处于第三类相干态时,量子干涉能抑制量子态失真,也可能加大量子态失真.     

粒子质量显含时间的Dirac方程的严格解

使用代数方法给出了粒子质量显含时间的Dirac方程的严格解,解的结构显示了粒子的正负能态与其自旋态具有交换对称性. 关键词：     

利用热平衡态超导电荷量子比特实现量子隐形传态

本文利用处于热平衡态的两个相同超导电荷量子比特纠缠态作为量子隐形传态的信道,给出标准量子隐形传态协议下传递单量子比特态和两量子比特态的纠缠以及非标准协议下传递单量子比特态时平均保真度的解析表达式,研究其随温度、约瑟夫森能等系统参数的变化情况．计算结果表明,在标准量子隐形传态协议下传递两量子比特之间的纠缠以及非标准量子隐形传态协议下传递单量子比特态时可以实现接近理想的量子隐形传态．     

非共振相互作用系统中密度算符间距的演化

考虑到失谐量和原子初始相干性,给出了任意初态分布的二能级原子与任意单模场相互作用的密度算符间距的一般表达式.着重讨论了一个任意态分布的二能级原子与相干态光场相互作用时失谐量对密度算符间距演化的影响.结果表明：密度算符间距明显地依赖于失谐量的取值. 关键词：     

各项同性态修订的几何纠缠度

通过修订的几何纠缠度,讨论一类混态两粒子各项同性态的纠缠,并推广到多粒子高维的情况,给出 -粒子 -能级的各项同性态明确的解析表达式,比较得到关系修订的几何纠缠度小于等于相对熵纠缠度。结果表明修订的几何纠缠度是合理的纠缠度量。     

用微扰增强双共振对Na_22~3Π_g和3~3Π_g能级进行新观测(英文)

Na2 2 3 Πg 和 33 Πg 态在 3486 0cm-1(相对基态Te)和 3s+3d解离限之间的Ω =0 ,1,2能级进行了脉冲激光微扰增强双共振探测 .观测到两个态之间强烈的相互微扰 .给出忽略微扰情况下Ω =0能级的Tv 和Bv.     

Martin-Grosse能级次序定理的推广

本文推广Martin-Grossc定理到2P,3D态,给出了四个决定2P,3D能级次序的充分条件。     

用微扰增强双共振对Na2 2 3Πg和3 3Πg能级进行新观测

Na22^3Пg和3^3Пg态在34860cm^-1(相对基态Te)和3s+3d解离限之间的Ω=0，1，2能级进行了脉冲激光微扰增强双共振探测、观测到两个态之间强烈的相互微扰．给出忽略微扰情况下Ω=0能级的Tv和Bv。     

The effective interface potential for a superconducting layer

The effective interface potential is derived for a superconducting layer attached to a wall. The expression applies to the neighborhood of a continuous wetting or delocalization transition, which exists for type I superconductors with a negative extrapolation length. From this potential a number of features can be easily derived, such as the locus of the phase transition and the critical exponents. Whereas the order parameter exponent is universal, other exponents, like the susceptibility exponent, are not.     

高能电子辐照绝缘厚样品的表面电位动态特性

采用数值计算和实验测量相结合的方法, 阐明了高能电子束照射下绝缘厚样品的表面电位和电子产额动态特性. 结果表明: 由于电子在样品内部的散射和输运, 沿着深度方向, 空间电位先缓慢下降到最小值, 然后逐渐升高并趋近于零; 随着电子束照射, 样品的表面电位逐渐下降, 可至负千伏量级, 电子总产额逐渐增大至一个接近于1的稳定值; 电子束停止照射后, 长时间放置下, 表面电位将逐渐升高, 但带电并不会消除; 表面电位随电子束能量的升高近似线性下降, 随入射角的增大而升高, 而随样品厚度的增大仅略有下降.     

靶材偏置低电压对激光等离子体诱导靶上电势信号的影响

针对激光等离子体在Cu靶上诱导产生的电势信号展开实验研究,主要讨论了靶材偏置低电压时对电势信号的影响. 实验结果表明,外加低电压时,靶上电势信号呈现单峰脉冲结构,且靶材偏置负压时为正脉冲,偏置正压时为负脉冲,脉冲幅值随偏置电压增大而增大. 通过对靶上电势信号演化特性的详细分析,从等离子体荷电效应出发,结合靶材偏压造成的电场效应成功解释了靶材偏压对靶上电势信号的影响. 关键词： 激光等离子体 电势 金属元靶 偏置电压     

A new cellular automata model of traffic flow with negative exponential weighted look-ahead potential

With the development of traffic systems, some issues such as traffic jams become more and more serious. Efficient traffic flow theory is needed to guide the overall controlling, organizing and management of traffic systems. On the basis of the cellular automata model and the traffic flow model with look-ahead potential, a new cellular automata traffic flow model with negative exponential weighted look-ahead potential is presented in this paper. By introducing the negative exponential weighting coefficient into the look-ahead potential and endowing the potential of vehicles closer to the driver with a greater coefficient, the modeling process is more suitable for the driver's random decision-making process which is based on the traffic environment that the driver is facing. The fundamental diagrams for different weighting parameters are obtained by using numerical simulations which show that the negative exponential weighting coefficient has an obvious effect on high density traffic flux. The complex high density non-linear traffic behavior is also reproduced by numerical simulations.     

Study of the plasma potential evolution during ECRH in the T-10 tokamak and TJ-II stellarator

Comparison of the plasma electric potential evolution in the T-10 tokamak and TJ-II stellarator was performed. The core potential was measured by the heavy-ion beam probing and the edge potential was measured by Langmuir probe. The intrinsic potentials in both devices are different in sign, positive in TJ-II low-density discharge and negative in T-10 higher-density discharges, but during ECRH they evolve similarly: the potential becomes more positive, and increase of ECRH power leads to stronger rise of core potential. Presented at the Workshop “Electric Fields, Structures and Relaxation in Edge Plasmas”, Tarragona, Spain, July 3–4, 2005.     

一种新型双势和周期势模型的构造及其精确解

提出了一种构造并精确求解新型势函数的方法.采用这种方法.讨论了一维二次型函数的通解,将这种二次型函数分段连接构造出一种新型一维双势阱模型和新型一维周期势模型,在此基础上得出了这两种新型势模型的精确解.     

用修正的TT势模型计算He-He原子间近程相互作用势

本文从原子间相互作用的物理本质出发,用修正的Tang-Toennies（TT）势模型计算了He-He原子间相互作用的van der Waals势．结果显示修正后的势模型在平衡间距附近及远程部分仍然给出了势能曲线的准确结果,在近程部分则较之TT势给出了与实验符合得更好的结果．     

Absolute spectroscopic determination of cross-membrane potential

Spectroscopic determination of the cross-membrane electric potential has been used for more than 20 years. This method, which usually employs absorption or fluorescence measurements, allows for a rapid and noninvasive study of the electrical properties of the membranes of cells and liposomes. However, the usual fluorescence techniques preferably allow monitoring changes in the potential on triggerable or excitable membranes, and not the absolute value of the potential. They also do not provide means for measuring the potential on single cells. This paper reviews three methods that solve these issues. Nernstian dyes which partition between intra-and extracompartmental volumes enable a fluorescence microscopic determination of a single cell and even a single organelle. Dual-wavelength ratiometric recording from membrane-staining dyes also provides means for measuring the field on a single cell. Resonance Raman probes provide a spectroscopic method with a natural internal standard for the absolute measurement of membrane potential.     

积与积减原理

文章分析了重力势能、引力势能、电荷势能、化学势能、热量势能、质量积、动量积等多种势能,发现它们均可表达为一种守恒广延量和对应的强度量的乘积,因此可将其统一定义为"积".基于积这一概念,文章得到了孤立系统内守恒广延量传递过程的积减原理,即孤立系统内进行的守恒广延量传递过程中系统的积总是减小的.进一步,文章还基于积的概念发展了孤立系统和封闭系统的势平衡判据,发现孤立系统达到势平衡状态时,系统的积达到最小值(最小积原理);当封闭系统达到势平衡状态时,系统的准自由积达到最小值(最小准自由积原理).上述结论应用于传热学中即可得到热量传递过程的(火积)减原理及相应的热平衡判据.与热力学中的核心概念熵相对应,由于物理量(火积)可以描述传热过程的不可逆性,作为传热过程的优化准则,度量系统的无序度,并给出系统的热平衡判据,因此(火积)是传热学中的核心概念. 关键词： 势能 积 积减原理 平衡判据     

Effective potential for water vapour

A suitable temperature dependence is introduced into the force parameters of the Lennard-Jones potential by taking the free-energy average of the Rowlinson potential. The resulting temperature-dependent parameters are used to calculate the effective potential, which is plotted for water vapour at a few different temperatures. The temperature-dependence of the second virial coefficient is shown for the cases of temperature-independent and temperature-dependent parameters of which the latter agrees very well with experimental results.