求解复杂边界的直接力浸入边界-格子Boltzmann耦合方法

本文对直接力浸入边界-格子Boltzmann耦合方法中两种常用LB方程中引入外力项的方法(EBF和GZS模型)以及基于压力的He-Luo模型与基于密度的LBGK模型两种LB方程的方法分别进行了对比分析.结果表明对于不可压流动,GZS模型精度比EBF模型高,而He-Luo模型精度与比标准LBGK模型高.采用多重力法可有效减小直接力IB方法会出现的边界无滑移条件误差,发现数值边界相对物理边界产生外扩现象,通过边界内缩方法可以使得数值边界与物理边界重合,实现边界的真正无滑移条件.     

Two-dimensional MRT LB model for compressible and incompressible flows

In the paper we extend the Multiple-Relaxation-Time （MRT） Lattice Boltzmann （LB） model pro- posed in [Europhys. Lctt., 2010, 90： 54003] so that it is suitable also for incompressible flows. To decrease tile artificial oscillations, the convection term is discretized by the flux linfiter scheme with splitting technique. A new model is validated by some well-known benchmark tests, including Rie- mann problem and Couette flow, and satisfying agreements are obtained between the sinmlation results and ana.lytical ones. In order to show the merit of LB model over traditional methods, the non-equilibrium characteristics of system are solved. The simulation results are consistent with the physical analysis.     

基于混沌吸引子形态特性的两相流流型分类方法研究

利用高灵敏度差压传感器，在垂直上升管中采集到了80组气液两相流差压波动信号.利用放置参考截面的方法，建立了描述混沌吸引子形态的一般方法，在此基础上，提出了不同维数下的吸引子形态特征量进行组合的气液两相流流型分类新方法.研究结果表明：该方法对包括复杂过渡流型在内的气液两相流流型有很好分类效果，预示着混沌吸引子形态描述是研究非线性时间序列的实用有效途径. 关键词： 气液两相流 流型分类 吸引子形态 混合维     

耦合界面力的两相流相场格子Boltzmann模型

提出了一种改进的基于相场理论的两相流格子Boltzmann模型.通过引入一种新的更加简化的外力项分布函数,使得此模型克服了前人工作中界面力尺度与理论分析不一致的问题,并且通过Chapman-Enskog多尺度分析表明,所提出的模型能够准确恢复到追踪界面的Cahn-Hilliard方程和不可压的Navier-Stokes方程,并且宏观速度的计算更为简化.利用所提模型对几个经典两相流问题,包括静态液滴测试、液滴合并问题、亚稳态分解以及瑞利-泰勒不稳定性进行了数值模拟,发现本模型可以获得量级为10^-9极小的虚假速度,并且这些算例获取的数值解与解析解或已有的文献结果相吻合,从而验证了模型的准确性和可行性.最后,利用所发展的两相流格子Boltzmann模型研究了随机扰动的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性问题,并着重分析了雷诺数对流体相界面的影响.发现对于高雷诺数情形,在演化前期,流体界面出现一排“蘑菇”形状,而在演化后期,流体界面呈现十分复杂的混沌拓扑结构.不同于高雷诺数情形,低雷诺数时流体界面变得相对光滑,在演化后期未观察到混沌拓扑结构.     

两个同心旋转球间的对称Taylor涡流

用有限元方法对两个同心旋转球间的稳态对称不可压流进行数值模拟,结果显示了超临界雷诺数下的三种流动模式:0-涡模式,1-涡模式和2-涡模式。     

微尺度振荡Couette流的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用有效多松弛时间-格子Boltzmann方法(Effective MRT-LBM)数值模拟了微尺度条件下的振荡Couette和Poiseuille流动. 在微流动LBM中引入Knudsen边界层模型,对松弛时间进行修正. 模拟时平板或外力以正弦周期振动,Couette流中考虑了单平板振动、上下板同相振动这两类情况. 研究结果表明,修正后的MRT-LBM模型能有效用于这类非平衡的微尺度流动模拟;对于Couette流,随着Kn数的增大,壁面滑移效应变得越明显. St越大,板间速度剖面的非线性特性越剧烈;两板同相振荡时,若Kn,St均较小,板间流体受到平板拖动剪切的影响很小,板间速度几乎重叠在一起;在振荡Poiseuille流动中,St数增大到一定值时,相位滞后现象减弱;相对于Kn数,St数对振荡Couette 和Poiseuille流中不同位置处速度相位差的产生有较大影响. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 有效MRT模型 Knudsen层 振荡流     

通道宽度对二维粗糙边界斜面颗粒流的影响

在此之前已经报道了二维斜面颗粒流在通道中的分布规律以及二维斜面粗糙边界附近的颗粒 流量密度（ξ=ρ·ν）分布.本文则主要研究通道宽度W对边界附近颗粒流量密度(ξ=ρ· ν)分布的影响.结果表明，颗粒流量密度随通道宽度的变化（ξ W）存在一临界通道宽度W c.在本实验条件下临界通道宽度Wc=70d.当通道宽度小于临界宽度Wc时 ，通道中距边界20d—30d区间内的相对颗粒流量密度随斜面倾斜角的变化可描述为ξ∝( sinθ)α，α是与通道宽度W有关的参数，其数值在032至085之间. 关键词： 二维颗粒流 颗粒物质 颗粒流量密度     

边界条件对二维斜面颗粒流颗粒分布的影响

实验研究了粗糙边界条件、不同通道宽度以及不同斜面倾斜角下二维颗粒流的颗粒分布 ，发现颗粒流在稀疏流状态下尽管在现象上表现出类似流体的性质，但由于颗粒流系统的能 量耗散,所以颗粒流的速度和密度分布和牛顿流体完全不同，颗粒流在通道中的分布既受通 道宽度的影响同时也受重力场的影响，颗粒在通道中以通道中轴线呈对称分布，通道两侧的 颗粒密度明显高于通道中间，由于通道中颗粒受剪切力的作用，导致颗粒在通道中的密度分 布的变化，通道边界粗糙度明显影响着颗粒流横向分布. 关键词： 二维颗粒流 颗粒物质 稀疏流     

二维导热过程(火用)传递描述

引用导热微分方程并结合工程传递的评价准则,建立了二维导热过程热传递的数学模型,给出了传递系数和流密度的表达式,并以矩形截面的无限长柱体为例,对二维稳态导热过程传递进行了数值求解.     

基于区域分裂的非均匀Lattice Boltzmann方法

基于区域分裂技术,设计了一种使用非均匀网格的LatticeBoltzmann（LB）模型,其基本思想是：将流场分解为若干个规划的子区域,在每个子区域使用均匀网格上的LB模型求解,子区域的边界条件利用插值方法决定,用该模型对二维圆柱绕流问题进行了模拟,并与其它方法的结果作了比较。     

Visco-potential flows in electrohydrodynamics

In this study we consider the problem of the interface motion under the capillary–gravity and an external electric force. The infinitely deep fluid layer is assumed to be viscous, perfectly conducting and the flow to be incompressible. The weak viscous effects are introduced using the Helmholtz–Leray decomposition and the visco-potential flow approach. The electric charge distributions above and on the free surface are considered. Finally, we derive some linearized analytical solutions for the free surface elevation shape under the localized pressure distribution and the combined action of the forces mentioned herein above.     

VOF法模拟剪切流动下液滴的变形和断裂运动

本文对剪切作用下悬浮液滴在另一种不相融的液体中的变形和断裂过程进行了数值模拟.采用VOF(Volume ofFluid)法中的三维PLIC(Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation)算法实现界面的重构和输运,交错网格下投影法离散表面张力为源项的不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程....     

Spectral/hp least-squares finite element formulation for the Navier–Stokes equations

We consider the application of least-squares finite element models combined with spectral/hp methods for the numerical solution of viscous flow problems. The paper presents the formulation, validation, and application of a spectral/hp algorithm to the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations governing two- and three-dimensional stationary incompressible and low-speed compressible flows. The Navier–Stokes equations are expressed as an equivalent set of first-order equations by introducing vorticity or velocity gradients as additional independent variables and the least-squares method is used to develop the finite element model. High-order element expansions are used to construct the discrete model. The discrete model thus obtained is linearized by Newton’s method, resulting in a linear system of equations with a symmetric positive definite coefficient matrix that is solved in a fully coupled manner by a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Spectral convergence of the L₂ least-squares functional and L₂ error norms is verified using smooth solutions to the two-dimensional stationary Poisson and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Numerical results for flow over a backward-facing step, steady flow past a circular cylinder, three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow, and compressible buoyant flow inside a square enclosure are presented to demonstrate the predictive capability and robustness of the proposed formulation.     

基于大涡模拟的移动粒子半隐式算法

移动粒子半隐式方法(MPS)是一种粒子方法,多用于模拟带有自由表面的不可压缩流动。工程实际中的自由表面流动往往是复杂的湍流流动,本文借鉴网格类方法的亚格子应力模型发展了基于Smagorinsky模型的亚粒子应力模型,并将其耦合到MPS方法中,实现了基于大涡模拟的MPS方法并用于研究自由表面湍流问题。为了提高计算的准确性和稳定性,SPS模型中出现的一阶导数项采用最小二乘法拟合得到,SPS项采用显式算法进行计算。使用这一算法模拟了溃坝问题,结果表明,采用亚粒子应力模型的模拟结果与实验的吻合程度明显提高。     

Direct numerical simulation of the turbulent MHD channel flow at low magnetic Reynolds number for electric correlation characteristics

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent channel flow has been performed under the low magnetic Reynolds number assumption.The velocity-electric field and electric-electric field correlations were studied in the present work for different magnetic field orientations.The Kenjeres-Hanjalic (K-H) model was validated with the DNS data in a term by term manner.The numerical results showed that the K-H model makes good predictions for most components of the velocity-electric field correlations.The mechanisms of turbulence suppression were also analyzed for different magnetic field orientations utilizing the DNS data and the K-H model.The results revealed that the dissipative MHD source term is responsible for the turbulence suppression for the case of streamwise and spanwise magnetic orientation,while the Lorentz force which speeds up the near-wall fluid and decreases the production term is responsible for the turbulence suppression for the case of the wall normal magnetic orientation.     

A improved incompressible lattice Boltzmann model for time-independent flows

It is well known that the lattice Boltzmann equation method (LBE) can model the incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations in the limit where density goes to a constant. In a LBE simulation, however, the density cannot be constant because pressure is equal to density times the square of sound speed, hence a compressibility error seems inevitable for the LBE to model incompressible flows. This work uses a modified equilibrium distribution and a modified velocity to construct an LBE which models time-independent (steady) incompressible flows with significantly reduced compressibility error. Computational results in 2D cavity flow and in a 2D flow with an exact solution are reported.     

A method for avoiding the acoustic time step restriction in compressible flow

We propose a novel method for alleviating the stringent CFL condition imposed by the sound speed in simulating inviscid compressible flow with shocks, contacts and rarefactions. Our method is based on the pressure evolution equation, so it works for arbitrary equations of state, chemical species etc. and is derived in a straight-forward manner. Similar methods have been proposed in the literature, but the equations they are based on and the details of the methods differ significantly. Notably our method leads to a standard Poisson equation similar to what one would solve for incompressible flow, but has an identity term more similar to a diffusion equation. In the limit as the sound speed goes to infinity, one obtains the Poisson equation for incompressible flow. This makes the method suitable for two-way coupling between compressible and incompressible flows and fully implicit solid–fluid coupling, although both of these applications are left to future work. We present a number of examples to illustrate the quality and behavior of the method in both one and two spatial dimensions, and show that for a low Mach number test case we can use a CFL number of 300 (whereas previous work was only able to use a CFL number of 3 on the same example).     

A solution to the Navier-Stokes inequality with an internal singularity

We consider weak solutions to the time dependent Navier-Stokes equations of incompressible fluid flow in three dimensional space with an external force that always acts against the direction of the flow. We show that there exists a solution with an internal singularity. The speed of the flow reaches infinity at this singular point. In addition, the solution has finite kinetic energy.The author was supported in part by a Sloan Foundation Fellowship     

Two-phase viscoelastic jetting

A coupled finite difference algorithm on rectangular grids is developed for viscoelastic ink ejection simulations. The ink is modeled by the Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid model. The coupled algorithm seamlessly incorporates several things: (1) a coupled level set-projection method for incompressible immiscible two-phase fluid flows; (2) a higher-order Godunov type algorithm for the convection terms in the momentum and level set equations; (3) a simple first-order upwind algorithm for the convection term in the viscoelastic stress equations; (4) central difference approximations for viscosity, surface tension, and upper-convected derivative terms; and (5) an equivalent circuit model to calculate the inflow pressure (or flow rate) from dynamic voltage.     

可压缩流动离散涡方法

推导了可压缩流动旋涡动力学基本方程,并分析了其基本性质。如同不可压流动,在可压缩流动中旋涡同样具有场与物质两重特征。得出了可压缩流中的旋涡诱导速度公式,对Ｂｉｏｔ－Ｓａｖａｒｔ方程进行了可压缩修正。基于Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ框架下的粒子方法,求解可压缩流中的胀量项,从而用离散涡模型求解了非定常、不稳定、可压缩流场。数值实验验证了提议的计算方法有效性。并分析了可压缩流动中旋涡运动的特征,与不可压流动的差别。