双拉盖尔-高斯腔光力系统中的腔内压缩冷却研究

机械振子的冷却是腔光力学研究的重要方向之一。计算光力噪声谱和稳态的最终声子数,对基于耦合光学参量放大器（OPA）的双拉盖尔-高斯腔光力系统中的腔内压缩冷却问题进行研究。在弱耦合条件下,利用微扰近似理论方法得出系统的光力噪声谱,基于费米黄金法则的理论计算出稳态下的最终声子数的解析表达式。利用入射泵浦光驱动腔场内耦合的OPA,使腔场内形成强烈的非线性压缩效应,量子反作用加热过程得到有效抑制,系统净冷却率得到显著提高。此外,讨论了其他系统参数对机械振子冷却的影响。最后研究了系统的稳态声子数,声子数可以在较大参数范围内小于1。该方案能有效地降低机械振子的冷却极限。     

非线性光学腔中的相位调制光机械动力学

研究了Fabry-Perot光学腔中包含一个光学参量放大器来增强腔场与机械振子之间的耦合的光机械动力学行为.在解析边带机制下用量子郞之万方程具体研究了振子的涨落光谱、光学多稳态行为、机械阻尼与修正共振频移和基态冷却.通过数值解讨论了辐射压力诱导机械振子和腔场的稳态振幅所展现的光学多稳态行为,同时也分析了辐射压力引起的修正共振频移和机械阻尼与参量增益、输入激光功率和参量相位这三个因素的关系.此外,随着调节泵浦场的参量相位,振子的涨落光谱呈现简正模式分裂.通过精确求解最终有效声子数论证了基态冷却.结果表明,机械振子的冷却由初始浴温度、机械品质因数和参量相位这个三个因素控制.参量相提供一个新的方法来操控非线性光机械动力学.     

非线性光学腔中的相位调制光机械动力学

研究了Fabry-Perot光学腔中包含一个光学参量放大器来增强腔场与机械振子之间的耦合的光机械动力学行为.在解析边带机制下用量子郎之万方程具体研究了振子的涨落光谱、光学多稳态行为、机械阻尼与修正共振频移和基态冷却,通过数值解讨论了辐射压力诱导机械振子和腔场的稳态振幅所展现的光学多稳态行为,同时也分析了辐射压力引起的修...     

两模光机械系统中超冷原子的量子相变

Dicke模型(DM)用于描述单模玻色光场与多个全同二能级原子相互作用。本文利用自旋相干态变分法得到两模光机械系统中基态能量的精确解,并通过变分法求得相变点并画出基态相图,并在此基础上研究原子-场耦合强度等系统参数对基态稳定性的影响。通过稳定性讨论,我们发现:原子-光子耦合常数g和光子-声子耦合常量ζ都会对光机械系统的基态特性产生影响。当双模光腔变成单模光腔时,机械振子能诱导超辐射相的塌缩;而且当光子-声子耦合强度大时,超辐射相被完全压制,而直接出现两原子能级之间的转移;存在不稳定的非零光子态,类似于超辐射态。光机械腔中光子-声子耦合诱导的超辐射态的塌缩和复苏是不同于光腔内囚禁的BEC系统,即机械振子不存在时的情况,而双模光腔对量子相变点和相图预期也会有影响。可见,分析机械振子的对多稳性和相关的量子相变的影响是非常有意义的课题。     

双腔光力系统中机械振子的基态冷却

宏观机械系统的量子操控无论是在基础物理学还是在高精度测量和量子信息处理等的应用上都非常重要。其中关键的一步是将机械系统冷却到它的量子基态。本文提出了一个光力系统,该系统包含了两个光学模式和一个与这两个光学模式都发生相互作用的机械模式。此外,这两个腔模还分别由两束光驱动。通过对哈密顿量进行变换以及求解系统的海森堡-郎之万方程,得到了机械振子最终平均声子数的表达式。结合作图发现,这个系统的特殊结构可以实现在不可分辨边带情况下机械振子的基态冷却,所以系统对腔的品质因子要求降低,实验上更容易实现。另外还发现,通过调节驱动光的功率可使得冷却效果达到最好。     

强耦合光机械腔中的简正模式分裂和冷却

研究由辐射压力与驱动Fabry-Perot光学腔相耦合而产生的腔光机械动力学行为. 通过量子朗之万方程具体研究了机械振子的涨落光谱、机械阻尼与共振频移和基态冷却. 随着输入激光功率的增加,振子的涨落光谱呈现简正模式分裂的现象,并且数值模拟结果和实验结果相符合. 同时推导了有效机械阻尼和共振频移. 红移边带导致了机械模的冷却,蓝移边带引起了机械模的放大. 此外,引入一种近似机制来研究振子的基态冷却,并且考虑在解析边带机制下简正模式分裂对机械振子冷却的影响. 最后,数值讨论了初始浴温度、输入激光功率和机械品质因数这三个因素对机械振子冷却的影响. 关键词： 腔光机械 辐射压力 简正模式分裂 冷却     

一维σ~+-σ~-冷却光和再抽运光对一维磁光陷阱中的多能级钠原子作用的研究

表述了钠Ｄ２线跃迁所包含的２４个磁子能级的原子在一维σ＋－σ－冷却光和再抽运光中产生的稳态多普勒冷却力。讨论了不同磁场强度、不同再抽运光强和失谐情况下原子的多普勒冷却力及对磁光陷阱中最大捕陷速度、原子数目及温度的影响     

一维σ^＋～σ^—冷却光和再抽运光对一维磁光陷阱中的多能级钠原？…

表述了钠Ｄ２线跃迁包含的２４个磁子能级的原子在一维σ＾＋～σ＾－冷却光和再抽运光中产生的稳态多普勒冷却力，讨论了不同磁场强度，不同再抽动光强和失谐情况下原子的多普勒冷却力及对磁光陷阱中最大捕陷速度，原子数目及温度的影响。     

等同双原子Jaynes-Cummings模型的量子特性及系统光谱

在全量子理论的背景下提出两个二能级原子分别与一单模腔场相互作用的系统模型,利用量子主方程和数值模拟计算等方法,研究该体系中腔场平均光子数、Mandel's Q因子及二阶量子相关度在非稳态时的变化规律。此外,对体系中原子及腔场中光谱结构进行了分析。结果表明:减小腔场耗散系数,增大原子间耦合系数,体系量子特性愈加明显。体系光谱呈现出Mollow三重峰结构,且原子辐射谱强度远大于腔场辐射谱强度。当原子跃迁频率与腔场跃迁频率为近共振时,Mollow峰值为三峰中最大值。此外,增大原子与腔场间耦合系数,可增大原子光谱的中峰强度;而增大腔场光谱的中峰强度,则需减小原子与腔场间耦合系数。     

一维σ^＋—σ^—冷却光和再抽运光对多能级钠原子作用研究

表述了包含钠２４个磁能级的原子在一维σ＾＋－σ＾－冷却光和再抽运光中各磁子能级粒子分布随时间变化的公式及多普勒冷却力，计算并讨论了不同冷却光失谱情况，不同抽抽运光强和失谐情况下原子的多普勒冷却力的上能级粒子数占基态总粒子数的比例Ｐ（ｖ）随速度的变化，该模型的计算结果能解释在磁光陷阱（ＭＯＴ）实验中的现象和和为磁光陷阱实验选择参数时的参考。     

Nonreciprocal ground-state cooling of mechanical resonator in a spinning optomechanical system

We theoretically present a scheme for nonreciprocal ground-state cooling in a double-cavity spinning optomechanical system which is consisted of an optomechanical resonator and a spinning optical harmonic resonator with directional driving. The optical Sagnac effect generated by the whispering-gallery cavity (WGC) rotation creates frequency difference between the WGC mode, we found that the mechanical resonator (MR) can be cooled to the ground state when the propagation direction of driving light is opposite to the spin direction of the WGC, but not from the other side, vice versa, so that the nonreciprocal cooling is achieved. By appropriately selecting the system parameters, the heating process can be completely suppressed due to the quantum interference effect. The proposed approach provides a platform for quantum manipulation of macroscopic mechanical devices beyond the resolved sideband limit.     

Effect of defects on the electronic structure of a PbI2/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure: A first-principles study

PbI2/MoS2,as a typical van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure,has attracted intensive attention owing to its remarkable electronic and optoelectronic properties.In this work,the effect of defects on the electronic structures of a PbI2/MoS2 heterointerface has been systematically investigated.The manner in which the defects modulate the band structure of PbI2/MoS2,including the band gap,band edge,band alignment,and defect energy-level density within the band gap is discussed herein.It is shown that sulfur defects tune the band gaps,iodine defects shift the positions of the band edge and Fermi level,and lead defects realize the conversions between the straddling-gap band alignment and valence-band-aligned gap,thus enhancing the light-absorption ability of the material.     

Electro-optomechanical cooperative cooling of nanomechanical oscillator beyond resolved sideband regime

We propose a ground-state cooling scheme for a nanomechanical oscillator(NMO)that interacts with an optical cavity via radiation pressure at one side and with a superconducting microwave cavity via a capacitor at the other side.By driving these two cavities on their respective red sidebands with extra laser and microwave fields,the NMO’s dual cooling channel is created through electro-optomechanical cooperation.Differing from the conventional optomechanical system with a single optical cavity wherein ground-state cooling is limited in the resolved sideband,the proposed scheme allows the optical cavity to function in an unresolved sideband regime under the cooperation of a microwave cavity with a high quality factor,or vice versa.In a weak coupling regime we demonstrate that the NMO can be cooled to near its ground-state from a finite temperature with a cooling rate that is significantly faster than that of the single-cavity optomechanical system.The heating process can be completely suppressed by the cooperation of the dual cooling channel by appropriately selecting the system’s parameters.With a decreasing thermal phonon number,the numerical results of final mechanical occupancy gradually approach the analytical cooling limit.     

Ground-state cooling based on a three-cavity optomechanical system in the unresolved-sideband regime

In the unresolved sideband regime,we propose a scheme for cooling mechanical resonator close to its ground state in a three-cavity optomechanical system,where the auxiliary cavities are indirectly connected with the mechanical resonator through standard optomechanical subsystem.The standard optomechanical subsystem is driven by a strong pump laser field.With the help of the auxiliary cavities,the heating process is suppressed and the cooling process of the mechanical resonator is enhanced.More importantly,the average phonon number is much less than 1 in a larger range.This means that the mechanical resonator can be cooled down to its ground state.All these interesting features will significantly promote the physical realization of quantum effects in multi-cavity optomechanical systems.     

Suppression of Stokes heating processes and improved optomechanical cooling with frequency modulation

Ground-state cooling of mesoscopic mechanical objects is still a major challenge in the unresolved-sideband regime. We present a frequency modulation (FM) scheme to achieve cooling of the mechanical resonator to its ground-state in a double-cavity optomechanical system containing a mechanical resonator. The mean phonon number is determined by numerically solving a set of differential equations derived from the quantum master equations. Due to efficient suppression of Stokes heating processes in the presence of FM, the ground-state cooling, indicated by numerical calculations, is significantly achievable, regardless of whether in the resolved-sideband regime or the unresolved-sideband regime. Furthermore, by choosing parameters reasonably, the improvement of the quantum cooling limit is found to be capable of being positively correlated with the modulation frequency. This method provides new insight into quantum manipulation and creates more possibilities for applications of quantum devices.     

Normal mode splitting and ground state cooling in a Fabry-Perot optical cavity and transmission line resonator

Optomechanical dynamics in two systems which are a transmission line resonator and Fabrya-Perot optical cavity via radiation-pressure are investigated by linearized quantum Langevin equation. We work in the resolved sideband regime where the oscillator resonance frequency exceeds the cavity linewidth. Normal mode splittings of the mechanical resonator as a pure result of the coupling interaction in the two optomechanical systems is studied, and we make a comparison of normal mode splitting of mechanical resonator between the two systems. In the optical cavity, the normal mode splitting of the movable mirror approaches the latest experiment very well. In addition, an approximation scheme is introduced to demonstrate the ground state cooling, and we make a comparison of cooling between the two systems dominated by two key factors, which are the initial bath temperature and the mechanical quality factor. Since both the normal mode splitting and cooling require working in the resolved sideband regime, whether the normal mode splitting influences the cooling of the mirror is considered. Considering the size of the mechanical resonator and precooling the system, the mechanical resonator in the transmission line resonator system is easier to achieve the ground state cooling than in optical cavity.     

Modulation‐Based Atom‐Mirror Entanglement and Mechanical Squeezing in an Unresolved‐Sideband Optomechanical System

A hybrid optomechanical system which is composed of an atomic ensemble and a standard optomechanical cavity driven by a periodically modulated external laser field is investigated. Based on the simple periodic modulation forms of the driving amplitude and effective optomechanical coupling, respectively, the atom‐mirror entanglement is discussed in detail. It is found that the maximum of the entanglement in the unresolved‐sideband regime can be further enhanced compared with the non‐modulation regime. On the other hand, we find that the introduction of the atomic ensemble permits the mechanical squeezing induced by the periodic amplitude modulation can be successfully generated even in the unresolved‐sideband regime. Due to the self‐cooling mechanism constructed by the atomic ensemble, the mechanical squeezing scheme no longer requires the extra precooling technologies.     

High-sensitivity optical monitoring of a micromechanical resonator with a quantum-limited optomechanical sensor

We experimentally demonstrate the high-sensitivity optical monitoring of a micromechanical resonator and its cooling by active control. Coating a low-loss mirror upon the resonator, we have built an optomechanical sensor based on a very high-finesse cavity (30 000). We have measured the thermal noise of the resonator with a quantum-limited sensitivity at the 10(-19) m/sqrt[Hz] level, and cooled the resonator down to 5 K by a cold-damping technique. Applications of our setup range from quantum optics experiments to the experimental demonstration of the quantum ground state of a macroscopic mechanical resonator.