SYMMETRIES AND CONSERVED QUANTITIES FOR SYSTEMS OF GENERALIZED CLASSICAL MECHANICS

In this paper, the symmetries and the conserved quantities for systems of generalized classical mechanics are studied. First, the generalized Noether's theorem and the generalized Noether's inverse theorem of the systems are given, which are based upon the invariant properties of the canonical action with respect to the action of the infinitesimal transformation of r-parameter finite group of transformation; second, the Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of the systems are studied in accordance with the Lie's theory of the invariance of differential equations under the transformation of infinitesimal groups; and finally, the inner connection between the two kinds of symmetries of systems is discussed.     

广义Noether恒等式及其应用

本文导出非不变性作用量系统的广义Noether恒等式并给出它的应用。 关键词：     

Noether's theorem on a quasistochastic half-group of relativistic endomorphisms (QHGRE)

The quantum theory of free fields is used with Noether's theorem to discuss the polarization features of vector and spinor fields in the QHGRE (generalized de Broglie group) from the viewpoint of local isomorphism of the QHGRE for the product of two ordinary groups (the groups of x , t deformations and rotations). Estimates are made of the contributions to the polarization tensors for the corresponding fields. In both cases the spin tensors are induced by space and time generators of the generalized de Broglie group, and the rotational component of the QHGRE is responsible for the spin properties.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 32–36, January, 1969.We are indebted to D. D. Ivanenko for discussion of these topics.     

Einstein-Cartan引力理论中的广义协变守恒定律

本文从广义Noether定理出发,对Einstein-Cartan引力理论中一般拉氏量所对应的守恒定律作了普遍的讨论,并由广义位移交换x^μ＇=x^μ+e_d^μb^a得到了包含挠率的一般拉氏密度所对应的广义协变能量动量守恒定律,并论述了超势存在的必然性。它是文献[1]和[2]理论的自然推广。 关键词：     

约束系统的对称变换

对于用非独立态函数描述的受约束系统,在对称变换下将导致推广的Noether定理,一般说,此时不产生Noether定理的守恒量,在有限约束下内部对称变换的推广Noether定理,就化为通常Noether定理的结果。 关键词：     

On the Noether map

For a wide class of lagrangian systems we show rigorously that the conventional formulation of Noether's theorem provides a bijective map from the set of equivalence classes of Noether's symmetries onto the set of equivalence classes of conserved currents. We further discuss if Noether's theorem is generalized in a significant way by several formulations proposed in this decade.Partially supported by the Junta de Energia Nuclear, Madrid.     

约束系统正则形式的对称性质

本文导出场论中用奇异拉氏量描述的系统正则形式的广义Noether第一定理(GNFT),导出无限连续群下变更性系统正则形式的广义Noether恒等式(GNI),讨论了它们在Dirac约束理论中的应用。给出一个新的反倒,说明Dirac猜想失效,指出某些变更性系统也具有Dirac约束,讨论了GNI在色动力学中的应用。 关键词：     

SL(2,C) gravitational conserved current and Noether's theorem

Noether's theorem is applied to Hilbert's Lagrangian written as a functional of spinorial variables. The associatedSL(2,C) conserved current is obtained, and its expression for the Tolman metric is given explicitly.     

Noether's theorem and the fieldB (3)

It is shown that the longitudinal, magnetic flux density,B ⁽³⁾ , of vacuum electromagnetic radiation can be accommodated rigorously within Noether's theorem, which relates fundamental spacetime symmetries to fundamental conservation laws. This demonstration linksB ⁽³⁾ to the canonical energy-momentum tensorT _µv that appears in Einstein's field equations of general relativity. Thus,B ⁽³⁾ provides a link between electromagnetism and gravitation which might eventually lead to an unified understanding of field theory.     

Generalized Noether theorems in canonical formalism for field theories and their applications

A generalization of Noether's first theorem in phase space for an invariant system with a singular Lagrangian in field theories is derived and a generalization of Noether's second theorem in phase space for a noninvariant system in field theories is deduced. A counterexample is given to show that Dirac's conjecture fails. Some preliminary applications of the generalized Noether second theorem to the gauge field theories are discussed. It is pointed out that for certain systems with a noninvariant Lagrangian in canonical variables for field theories there is also a Dirac constraint. Along the trajectory of motion for a gauge-invariant system some supplementary relations of canonical variables and Lagrange multipliers connected with secondary first-class constraints are obtained.     

约束系统的变换性质

受约束的系统,它的运动可用非独立的态函数来描述。在约束系统的时空坐标和态函数作无穷小变换下,考虑到作用量和约束方程的变化,导致了普遍的变换结果,沿着系统运动的轨线,得到约束系统变换性质的一般方程,从而给出约束系统在变换下产生守恒律的条件,对连续系统的某些具体变换写出了其变换性质方程,在特殊情况下,变换性质方程可化为经典Noether定理的结果,用于经典力学作了较详细的讨论,并把Poincaré-Cartan不变量推广到了受约束系统。 关键词：     

Obtaining the Gauge Invariant Kinetic Term for a SU(n) U ⊗ SU(m) V Lagrangian

We propose a generalized way to formally obtain the gauge invariance of the kinetic part of a field Lagrangian over which a gauge transformation ruled by an SU(n) _U ⊗ SU(m) _V coupling symmetry is applied. As an illustrative example, we employ such a formal construction for reproducing the standard model Lagrangian. This generalized formulation is supposed to contribute for initiating the study of gauge transformation applied to generalized SU(n) _U ⊗ SU(m) _V symmetries as well as for complementing an introductory study of the standard model of elementary particles.     

Quantum action principle in curved space

Schwinger's action principle is formulated for the quantum system which corresponds to the classical system described by the LagrangianL _c( , x)=(M/2)g_ij(x) ^{i j}–v(x). It is sufficient for the purpose of deriving the laws of quantum mechanics to consider onlyc-number variations of coordinates and time. The Euler-Lagrange equation, the canonical commutation relations, and the canonical equations of motion are derived from this principle in a consistent manner. Further, it is shown that an arbitrary point transformation leaves the forms of the fundamental equations invariant. The judicious choice of the quantal Lagrangian is essential in our formulation. A quantum mechanical analog of Noether's theorem, which relates the invariance of the quantal action with a conservation law, is established. The ambiguities in the quantal Lagrangian are also discussed and it is pointed out that the requirement of invariance is not sufficient to determine uniquely the quantal Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian.     

Nonexistence of finite-energy solutions in some gauge models

A theorem which forbids the existence of certain nontrivial static finite-energy classical solutions to Yang-Mills-Higgs equations in dependence on the spatial dimension is generalized to include fields with nonvanishing electric-like componentsF _0j .Dedicated to 30th anniversary of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.     

事件空间中Birkhoff系统的Noether理论

研究事件空间中Birkhoff系统的Noether对称性与Noether守恒量.首先,建立了事件空间中Birkhoff系统的参数方程;其次,基于Pfaff作用量在无限小变换下的不变性,给出了事件空间中Birkhoff系统的Noether定理及其逆定理;最后,举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 事件空间 Birkhoff系统 Pfaff作用量 Noether对称性     

Convergence of local charges and continuity properties ofW*-inclusions

The local generators of symmetry transformations which have recently been constructed from a quantum field theoretical version of Noether's theorem are shown to converge to the global ones as the volume tends to the whole space. The proof relies on the continuous volume dependence of the universal localizing maps which are associated to the local splitW*-inclusions.Research supported by Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione and CNR-GNAFA     

约束系统的变换和推广的Killing方程

本文从约束系统的作用量和约束方程的普遍变换性质出发,得到了约束系统的推广Killing方程组,此方程组的解所生成的变换可产生经典Noether定理的守恒量。讨论了连续系统的时空变换和内禀变换,在变换保持约束方程不变时,指出此变换能导致守恒流的充要条件,给出了对不可压缩连续介质的应用,讨论了对广义力学和经典力学的应用,并给出了推广Killing方程组解的某些实例,将Poincare不变量推广到了受约束广义力学系统。 关键词：     

Noether恒等式的推广及其应用

从系统的作用量在普遍的定域和非定域变换下的性质出发,导出了含非定城变换的广义Noether恒等式.将其用于高阶微商杨—Mills场论,求出了有别于BRS荷的新PBRS守恒荷和非定域变换下的新守恒荷.     

Conventional formulations of Noether's theorem in classical field theory

The role of invariance considerations in conventional formulations of Noether's theorem in classical field theory is investigated and found weaker than is usually supposed. It is shown how nonfulfilment of the conventional assumptions going into Noether's theorem brings about nonconservation.     

Ableitung einer kontinuierlichen Mannigfaltigkeit von Erhaltungssätzen der modifizierten Korteweg-de-Vries-Gleichung nach dem Noetherschen Satz

Derivation of a Continuous Set of Conservation Laws for the Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equation by Noether's Theorem A method developed recently to derive a continuous set of conservation laws from extended Bäcklund transformations by means of Noether's theorem is applied to the modified Korteweg-de Vries (m. KdV) equation that describes Alfvén waves in a plasma. The corresponding conserved currents are equivalent to those found by WADATI , SANUKI and KONNO . It is shown that the extended Bäcklund transformation B?_α for the m. KdV equation, which coincides with that for the sine-Gordon equation, by MIURA'S transformation becomes the extended Bäcklund transformation β_x for the Korteweg-de Vries equation where x = 1/2α.