三维面形测量中基于模版匹配的变形条纹修复

在基于条纹投影和相位分析的三维面形测量中,由于被测物体表面标志点或复杂面形的阴影遮挡存在,会造成变形条纹局部区域的条纹数据缺失,影响相位和高度信息的最终重建,需要人为地对缺失图像信息进行修复。提出了一种新的缺失条纹数据修复方法——基于模版匹配的图像修复算法,通过图像中已有条纹信息(特别是与待修复区域周围相位信息相似度较高的已知条纹信息)对缺失的变形条纹信息进行估算,实现数据修复。该方法修复效果好,运算过程无需人为参与,便于计算机自动实现,尤其适合于待修复图像整体结构明显、纹理清晰图像的数据修复,有助于提高被测物体相位计算质量和在此基础上的三维面形重建质量。     

Gerchberg迭代法在三维面形测量中的应用

在基于结构光照明的三维面形测量中,针对有孤立区域物体的条纹图像存在不规则缺陷的问题,提出先对其进行Gerchberg迭代,消除或减少条纹缺陷,获取较完善的迭代条纹,然后再利用傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)重建面形。设计了迭代流程,并分析了影响迭代精度的因素,解决了光学加工用具磨盘表面不完善条纹Gerchberg迭代过程中存在的问题,成功地重建了磨盘的三维面形。该工作为表面存在孤立区域的被测物体三维面形测量提供了可供参考的技术方案,也给可实时形变的应力盘三维面形动态测量奠定了基础。     

一种基于结构光条纹投影的微小物体测量系统

为了通过结构光投影的方法测量微小物体,构建了一套微小物体三维形貌测量系统,视场范围可达1.8 cm×1.6 cm。这套测量系统利用了Light Crafter 4500数字投影组件的高速投影、立体显微镜的低畸变缩放、远心镜头的大景深与低畸变成像的特性。先利用立体显微镜对Light Crafter 4500投影的相移条纹图进行低畸变缩小,再投影到待测物体表面,采用配有远心镜头的相机同步记录受到物体表面形貌调制而发生形变的条纹,利用三步相移法计算出条纹对应的截断相位图,再根据可靠路径跟踪相位展开算法求取连续的相位分布,重建被测物体的三维表面形貌。实验成功重建了以BGA芯片为代表的微小物体表面三维形貌。实验结果表明,系统测量精度达到11 μm,系统的有效深度测量范围为700 μm。     

无需系统标定的三维视觉重建北大核心CSCD

为了解决传统三维重建需要依赖系统标定信息的问题,提出了一种基于相位图的不需要系统标定信息的三维视觉重建算法。首先使用结构光测量技术获得被测物体表面的相位图,再利用相位图的横向和纵向空间扭曲特性计算物体表面相对深度信息,最后实现被测物体的三维视觉重建。这种方法可以用在无法进行标定或无法获取标定信息的场合。实验结果表明,当被测物体表面结构简单时,这种方法的三维视觉重建效果较好。并通过对比传统三维重建结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

利用莫尔条纹测量物体三维形貌新方法研究

提出了以计算机控制光栅产生莫尔条纹来测量物体三维形貌的新方法.利用计算机控制空间光调制器（Space Light Modulator,SLM）产生可控制幅度及位相的理想光栅,将平行光波投影到待测物体上,其反射光通过参考光栅形成莫尔条纹,利用CCD接收并进行数字图像处理,恢复出待测物体的三维形貌.对此方法进行了理论分析,推导了变形莫尔条纹与待测物形貌变化的关系式.利用MATLAB对此关系式进行仿真计算,其准确度可达0.011 μm.     

基于传像束的小视场双目结构光三维形貌恢复

提出基于传像束传像和双目结构光相结合的三维测量系统,实现对无法直接成像场景,如爆轰、冲击等环境下的小视场物体三维面形测量。测量时,结构光直接投影到待测物体表面,变形条纹图像首先被成像到传像束前端面,再被传递到传像束后端面,并最终被成像到相机像平面,再由三频相位展开技术计算出对应相位分布后,即可根据双目匹配计算出待测物体高度。实验表明,传像束系统能完成高精度的微小物体三维形貌重建,且由于传像束的引入,增加了测量系统的灵活性。     

应用时域相位解包方法的三维形貌测量系统

设计一套基于时域相位解包方法的三维形貌测量系统 ,克服了传统解包方法中的误差传播效应 ,可以应用于复杂物体表面及复杂环境下的三维形貌测量。由计算机生成光栅并通过液晶投影仪投射到待测物体表面 ,用CCD摄像机采集图像并通过图像采集卡存贮到计算机中进行处理 ,实现了测量的自动化 ,完成一次高精度的测量仅需几秒钟时间。用两个特殊的人头像完成的实验证明了系统的优越性     

一种无需标记的在线三维测量方法

提出了一种无需标记的物体在线三维面形测量方法。将一固定的正弦条纹投影到待测运动物体上,借助物体运动产生等效的相移变形条纹。基于傅里叶变换轮廓术的调制度对各帧变形条纹计算,提取其具有某一特定分布的特征区域,采用相关度最大法,检测各帧变形条纹对应的调制度特征区域的位移量来检测出物体的移动,从而实现像素匹配,得到一组像素坐标完全一一对应的等效相移变形条纹图。利用Stoilov相移算法得到物体的截断相位,利用位相展开算法展开位相,通过位相和高度映射即可实现在线移动物体的面形测量。通过计算机仿真验证了该方法的可行性。     

一种新的截断线及标志点处缺失相位插补方法

在基于相位信息的三维面形测量中,为了得到正确的相位展开而引入的截断线和为了便于三维拼接而附加在物体表面的标志点都会造成其覆盖区域的相位缺失,需要进行人为地插补修复。一种新的缺失相位插补方法——八方向梯度估算法,通过计算待插补点周围八方向梯度和其八邻域内的相位平均值,可估算出缺失的相位。与其它常用缺失相位插补方法相比,该方法运算速度快、插补效果好,运算过程无需人为参与,便于计算机自动实现,尤其适合于插补倾斜相位面上的较大标志点,有助于提高相位重建质量和在此基础上的三维面形重建质量。     

基于条纹反射的类镜面三维面形测量方法

提出了一种基于条纹反射和相移技术的类镜面三维面形测量的新方法。首先在平板显示器上显示正弦条纹,然后用CCD相机分别记录由待测面和标准面反射的正弦条纹像,通过相移得到各自的相位分布,与标准面相位分布相比较得到待测表面起伏引起的相位变化。推导了相位变化量与待测表面梯度的对应关系,分别对待测面进行水平和垂直两个方向光栅相位测量,通过计算可得到梯度分布并由梯度分布恢复待测表面面形。同时初步分析了影响条纹反射技术测量精度的因素。测量中,光栅由计算机产生,可以实现精确的相移,而且可以方便地调节光栅的周期及方向,通过预设标记点来引导相位展开有效地解决待测面和标准面的条纹对应问题。实测了建筑用釉面瓷砖表面起伏,验证了该方法的可行性。     

Three-dimensional-object recognition by use of single-exposure on-axis digital holography

On-axis phase-shifting digital holography requires recording of multiple holograms. We describe a novel real-time three-dimensional- (3-D-) object recognition system that uses single-exposure on-axis digital holography. In contrast to 3-D-object recognition by means of a conventional phase-shifting scheme that requires multiple exposures, our proposed method requires only a single digital hologram to be synthesized and used to recognize 3-D objects. A benefit of the proposed 3-D recognition method is enhanced practicality of digital holography for 3-D recognition in terms of its simplicity and greater robustness to external scene parameters such as moving targets and environmental noise factors. We show experimentally the utility of the single-exposure on-axis digital holography-based 3-D-object recognition method.     

A numerical simulation of photothermal response in laser medicine

In this paper, we reported a numerical solution of laser induced thermal effect in the bio-tissue. The model of photothermal effect and classical Pennes bio-heat transfer equation were introduced. Finite element method (FEM), which was realized by Matlab software, was used to calculate the temperature distribution. He-Ne laser (633 nm) was used to simulate the physical therapy in in vivo skin tissue. Under the cylinder coordinates, the three-dimension(3-D) geometry of tissue was reduced to two-dimension(2-D)computation. The results contained the radial, axial and temperature 3-D color plot. Combining the time animation display was possible. By changing the laser and tissue parameters we can get different results.This will be the initial and indispensable work of the non-destructive evaluation of the laser induced injury.     

表面注入P-top区double RESURF功率器件表面电场模型

提出表面注入P-top区double RESURF功率器件表面电场和击穿电压解析模型. 基于分区求解二维Poisson方程, 获得double RESURF表面电场的解析式. 借助此模型, 研究了器件结构参数对表面电场和电势的影响; 计算了漂移区长度和厚度与击穿电压的关系, 给出了获得最大击穿电压和最小导通电阻的途径. 数值结果, 解析结果和试验结果符合较好.     

预成像数字全息测量大物体三维形貌

为了扩大数字全息三维形貌测量的视场,提出了一种预成像的方法.物体先被成像镜头成一缩小的实像,再使用离轴菲涅耳数字全息对此实像进行全息记录.采用倾斜照明光的方法使两次数字全息的再现像之间产生相位差,通过相位去噪和去包裹处理从相位差中提取物体的三维形貌数据.实验证明,预成像方法使测量视场的大小得到了至少一个数量级的提高,采用离轴菲涅耳数字全息降低了测量系统对环境稳定性的要求.     

Securing complex and multi-plane data in a lens-less digital holographic information system that uses position-phase-shifting geometry

A digital holographic information system can process complex three-dimensional (3-D) object information. We demonstrate a scheme for securing complex and 3-D information in the context of in-line digital holography. Double random phase encoding in the free-space propagation domain of light is used to secure the complex information. Encrypted in-line digital holograms are recorded using the position-phase-shifting method. The encrypted complex image at the CCD recording plane is retrieved from the real-valued digital holograms, and is used for decryption. The robustness of the method has also been studied for various securing keys used in the method against blind decryption. A layer-by-layer information retrieval from the encrypted digital hologram is also discussed. The method can also be used to secure digital complex information in a virtual optics modality using holographic principles.     

一维粗糙地表面下方埋藏目标SAR成像

提出一种快速实现一维粗糙地表面下方埋藏金属目标的成像算法.用层内波传播算法结合谱加速的前后向迭代算法(PILE+FB-SA)计算一维粗糙面下方埋藏金属目标的后向散射;用得到的后向散射数据结合后向投影算法实现二维SAR(synthetic aperture radar)成像,研究窗函数的选取,讨论目标位置及尺寸大小变化的影响.用具有高斯谱的粗糙面模拟实际地表面,并采用锥形波入射以减小人为截断粗糙面引起的边缘效应.由于散射数据由快速数值算法得到,该算法不受地面和目标参数限制,可以实现任意粗糙地表面和复杂目标成像,对地下目标探测具有重要的应用价值.     

Study on the reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital hologram

As one of the most important 3-D display technique, reduction of speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography should be grounded on the digital hologram itself. Based on the whole process of the recording and reconstruction of digital holography, the optical distributions of recorded object and reconstructed image of digital holography have been studied. It has been proposed that the root formation cause of speckle noise in its reconstructed image is the speckle noise formed on the recorded object surface when illuminated by coherent light because of its optical roughness. A novel approach has been presented to reduce speckle noise in digital holography by changing the interference structure of hologram itself. First, by reducing the speckle noise in the reconstructed image, the distribution of ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise is acquired. Then in turn, taking the ideal reconstruction light with reduced speckle noise as ideal object light, a new hologram can be rebuilt, which can reconstruct the ideal object light. The experimental results are given to confirm the proposed method. Therefore, it offers a brand-new thought and practical way to reduce the speckle noise in the reconstructed image of digital holography.     

物体内部三维位移场分析的数字图像相关方法

提出了物体内部三维位移场的数字图像相关分析方法，对物体变形前后，或连续变形的两个相邻状态的内部三维结构的数字图像，通过相关运算获得三维位移场.文中给出了三维相关法的体搜索窗口、相关函数及亚像素运算的相关系数拟合函数.数字模拟结果证明了三维相关法的正确性及可靠性.位移计算精度为0.02像素. 关键词： 数字图像相关 三维相关 亚像素     

Digital image correlation for large deformation applied in Ti alloy compression and tension test

In this paper, digital speckle correlation is used in the measurement of Ti alloy compression and tension test. The key technologies applied in the measurement are discussed in detail, including camera calibration with telephoto lens and digital image correlation in large deformation. Single camera self-calibration algorithm based on photogrammetry is proposed. In the algorithm, the interior parameters of camera are estimated without calibrated object, using the bundle adjustment technique, so the 3-D coordinates of calibration target points are not needed in advance to get a reliable camera calibration result. An updating reference image scheme could be employed to deal with large deformation situation. A large deformation measurement scheme, updating reference image scheme, is proposed in this paper. The un-deformed image is used as reference in correlation at first. Only for extremely large deformation field, in which iteration of correlation is not convergent, the reference image is updated to the image of previous deformed stage. Using this method, not only extremely large deformation can be measured successfully but also the accumulated error could be controlled. The 75 mm lens is calibrated in the measurement and compared the result with extensometer and un-calibrated image. Experimental results show that up to 150% tensile deformation and 50% compression deformation can be measured successfully.     

全息模拟再现像的三维重构

提出一种全息模拟再现像的三维重构方法，可以模拟再现得到三维再现像.计算机模拟再现许多幅在不同深度位置的二维光强分布；利用灰度级变化的聚焦度评价方法，通过寻找最大聚焦度值，确定再现三维像各像点的深度信息.实验证明,该方法能实现模拟再现像的三维重构，使数字全息术有希望成为一种全新的三维面形检测技术.再现像三维重构的实现可以更客观地对全息图进行像质评价，并验证计算机制全息术算法的正确性.