基于动态阈值匹配追踪的主动声呐直达波抑制方法

双基地声呐中的直达波干扰可以通过重构抵消的方式进行抑制。这种方法需要对直达波信道进行估计，传统的正交匹配追踪算法的收敛速度慢，分步正交匹配追踪等算法在提高收敛速度时牺牲了信道估计精度，导致回波检测能力下降。本文提出一种动态阈值匹配追踪算法估计直达波的信道响应，在提高收敛速度的同时兼顾了信道估计精度。在仿真环境中，达到同样的直达波抑制效果，所提算法与传统正交匹配追踪算法相比，收敛速度显著提升，检测输出的回波强度比分步正交匹配追踪算法高4dB；海试数据处理结果中，所提方法迭代收敛速度较正交匹配追踪算法提升4倍；输出的回波强度比分步正交匹配追踪算法高2dB。     

未标定相机的高精度位姿估计方法

针对未标定相机的位姿估计问题,提出了一种焦距和位姿同时迭代的高精度位姿估计算法。现有的未标定相机的位姿估计算法是焦距和相机位姿单独求解,焦距估计精度较差。提出的算法首先通过现有算法得到相机焦距和位姿的初始参数;然后在正交迭代的基础上推导了焦距和位姿最小化函数,将焦距和位姿同时作为初始值进行迭代计算;最后得到高精度的焦距和位姿参数。仿真实验表明提出的算法在点数为10,噪声标准差为2的情况下,角度相对误差小于1%,平移相对误差小于4%,焦距相对误差小于3%;真实实验表明提出的算法与棋盘标定方法的精度相当。与现有算法相比,能够对未标定相机进行高精度的焦距和位姿估计。     

基于预滤波迭代梯度法的运动估计

提出一种对小平移和大平移图像序列进行运动估计的新算法 预滤波迭代梯度法,预滤波迭代梯度法就是先对图像进行低通滤波,然后用迭代梯度法进行运动估计。结果表明,该方法比梯度法、预滤波梯度法和迭代梯度法具有更高的估计精度,而且可以很好地抑制噪声的影响。     

基于点和直线段对应的扩展正交迭代位姿估计算法

正交迭代算法是基于点特征,全局且快速收敛的位姿估计算法,是目前性能最优的实时位姿估计算法之一.对摄像机观测到的直线段提出了其不确定性描述的新方法:目标空间直线段误差,并把该误差融入到正交迭代算法的位姿计算过程中,形成扩展正交迭代算法.该算法可以同时利用点和直线段特征.算法先把点共面性方程表达为与正交迭代算法中点共线性方程一致的数学形式,再根据目标空间点共面性误差定义了目标空间直线段共面性误差.接着把目标空间点共线性误差和直线段共面性误差二者之和作为误差函数.最后推导出使该函数最小化的迭代求解过程.实验结果表明,本文算法是有效的,精确的.与正交迭代算法的计算结果对比,由于可以同时利用直线段特征,扩展正交迭代算法的位姿估计误差更低,抗噪声性能更强,算法更稳定.     

多摄像机系统位姿估计的广义正交迭代算法

目前,多摄像机系统的位姿估计还缺乏系统的方法,它通常通过求解透视n点问题或者求解使两组3D点集之间平方和误差最小的刚体变换来解决,这些方法都有局限性.正交迭代算法是基于点特征的单目视觉算法,快速且全局收敛,是目前性能最优的实时位姿估计算法之一,被广泛应用.提出了一种广义正交迭代算法把所有摄像机获取的全部图像作为整体计算得到相对位姿参数,是通用的多目视觉位姿估计算法.算法先把所有摄像机数据进行统一表达,再把所有摄像机观测到的全部特征点的目标空间共线性误差平方和作为误差函数,最后经数学推导得到使该误差函数最小化的迭代求解过程.实验结果验证了算法的有效性以及在多摄像机系统位姿估计中的优越性.     

单目相机位姿估计的稳健正交迭代方法

单目位姿估计是计算机视觉中一个基础而重要的问题,在机器人定位、虚拟现实、图像精密测量等领域应用广泛。在实际应用中,参考点坐标不可避免地含有粗差点,导致估计结果偏离真值,为此,提出自适应加权的稳健正交迭代算法。该算法采用稳健估计方法自动识别粗差点,并赋予其较小权值,以提高算法的稳健性。实验结果表明,稳健正交迭代算法求解精度高、稳健性好,可有效抑制不同个数、不同水平的粗差影响。当20个观测点中存在8个水平为60 pixel的粗差点时,本文解算精度分别比经典正交迭代算法和加权正交迭代算法高2个和1个数量级。     

梯度投影最小二乘多途信道实数域高分辨估计方法

为解决水下定位过程中的多途信道高分辨估计问题,文章给出了一种梯度投影最小二乘多途信道实数域高分辨估计方法,不同于频域最小二乘,方法利用时域迭代求解去除了矩阵求逆,降低了计算量,并且能够直接获得高分辨的实数域信道冲激响应。与MUSIC、Richardson-Lucy (RL)以及稀疏贝叶斯(SBL)等几种典型时域高分辨信道估计算法进行对比分析,仿真和实验结果皆表明,文中给出的梯度投影LS算法和SBL算法时延分辨力明显优于MUSIC和RL算法,水池实验结果时延分辨力可达1/(5B)(B为信号带宽)。所提方法幅度衰减估计精度略差于SBL算法。但最小二乘(LS)算法使用过程中不需要预知多途数目,更适用于大时延多途扩展情况,且计算量显著优于SBL算法。     

基于多项式外推的Richardson-Lucy算法加速研究

提出一种新的可加速Richardson-Lucy(R-L)图像迭代恢复算法的方法.该方法基于阻尼R-L算法,通过存储阻尼R-L算法的前若干次(n次)迭代运算结果,利用多项式外推法分析这前n次迭代运算结果,并用一个多项式函数近似描述各结果之间的关系.通过该多项式的外推,预测以后的迭代结果,从而减少迭代运算的次数,取得了较好的加速效果.该方法可以实现几乎没有图像失真的复原,并能应用于其他类型的算法.     

基于总变分最小化模型的异步并行GPU加速算法

相比于传统同步并行计算策略,在异步并行计算框架下,针对最常用的总变分(TV)最小化重建模型,通过将其转化为不动点迭代问题,并利用异步交替方向法(ADM)进行求解,推导出基于TV最小化模型的异步ADM迭代重建算法,即异步交替方向总变分最小化算法(Async-ADTVM)。利用消息传递接口技术将该算法在图形处理器(GPU)集群上进行测试,进一步提高了原始基于TV最小化模型的迭代重建算法的计算效率。实验表明,该算法在计算求解精度上略优于ADTVM算法,同时在GPU性能存在差异的条件下相比传统多GPU加速策略可获得更高的加速比。     

一种快速的分形图像压缩编码方法

针对分形压缩编码存在耗时过长的问题 ,提出一种快速分形编码算法 :即利用快速卷积来计算图像块之间的互相关 ,从而对编码过程进行无损加速。经仿真实验表明 :与经典的分割迭代函数系统 (PIFS)方法相比 ,在信噪比可接受的前题下 ,该算法的压缩比和编码速度均有显著提高。     

Four-dimensional parameter estimation of plane waves using swarming intelligence

This paper proposes an efficient approach for four-dimensional(4D) parameter estimation of plane waves impinging on a 2-L shape array. The 4D parameters include amplitude, frequency and the two-dimensional(2D) direction of arrival,namely, azimuth and elevation angles. The proposed approach is based on memetic computation, in which the global optimizer, particle swarm optimization is hybridized with a rapid local search technique, pattern search. For this purpose,a new multi-objective fitness function is used. This fitness function is the combination of mean square error and the correlation between the normalized desired and estimated vectors. The proposed hybrid scheme is not only compared with individual performances of particle swarm optimization and pattern search, but also with the performance of the hybrid genetic algorithm and that of the traditional approach. A large number of Monte–Carlo simulations are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed scheme. It gives promising results in terms of estimation accuracy, convergence rate, proximity effect and robustness against noise.     

Optimal State Estimation of Pure Qubits on Circles

We consider the problem of state estimation of qubits chosen from circles. It is shown that any qubit encoded in pairs chosen from a fixed circle parailel to the x-y equator with different phases contains the same information. We also investigate the problem of state estimation of qubits from three circles. The optimai estimation fidelity is derived.     

Kurtosis-Based Symbol Timing and Carrier Phase/Frequency Tracking

Kurtosis is known to be effective at estimating signal timing and carrier phase offset when the processing is performed in a “burst mode,” that is, operating on a block of received signal in an offline fashion. In this paper, kurtosis-based estimation is extended to provide tracking of timing and carrier phase, and frequency offsets. The algorithm is compared with conventional PLL-type timing/phase estimation and shown to be superior in terms of speed of convergence, with comparable variance in the matched filter output symbols.     

一种鲁棒性强的OFDM 水声通信系统*

为了在不同衰落水声信道下实现正交频分复用水声通信,该文提出了一种鲁棒性强的正交频分复用水声通信方案,方案包括编码调制、信道估计和多普勒估计等内容。为了使该系统更稳健,整个信道编码分为两个步骤。首先,循环冗余校验编码器和里德-所罗门编码器用于编码整个数据包,然后循环冗余校验编码器和Turbo 编码器用于编码每个数据帧,其中比特交织编码调制技术用来对抗信道的时变特性。为了得到水声信道估计,使用线性最小均方误差估计器来处理导频数据得到信道估计值。多普勒估计包括帧的多普勒估计和符号的多普勒估计。实验结果表明该系统在不同的衰落信道下都能实现正确的跟踪和译码,系统的鲁棒性能优越。此外,该系统算法计算简单,易于实现,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

Noise and nonlinear estimation with optimal schemes in DTI

In general, the estimation of the diffusion properties for diffusion tensor experiments (DTI) is accomplished via least squares estimation (LSE). The technique requires applying the logarithm to the measurements, which causes bad propagation of errors. Moreover, the way noise is injected to the equations invalidates the least squares estimate as the best linear unbiased estimate. Nonlinear estimation (NE), despite its longer computation time, does not possess any of these problems. However, all of the conditions and optimization methods developed in the past are based on the coefficient matrix obtained in a LSE setup. In this article, NE for DTI is analyzed to demonstrate that any result obtained relatively easily in a linear algebra setup about the coefficient matrix can be applied to the more complicated NE framework. The data, obtained using non-optimal and optimized diffusion gradient schemes, are processed with NE. In comparison with LSE, the results show significant improvements, especially for the optimization criterion. However, NE does not resolve the existing conflicts and ambiguities displayed with LSE methods.     

浅海随机相位起伏声场中速度估计的互谱分析方法

浅海条件下,目标运动速度是基于波导不变量声源被动定位的关键因素,利用浅海波导环境下的声场简正波理论,研究了浅海随机相位起伏的波束域声场互相关信号的特点,并通过声速剖面的二阶统计量对随机相位扰动进行了有效的补偿,提出利用波束域声场互相关信号进行谱分析的速度估计方法,仿真实验表明了该方法的有效性。利用2013年7月海试实验数据,该方法准确的估计出了目标的速度,并与GPS实测速度对比,速度估计的相对误差在10%以内。     

Dependence of the efficiency of a posteriori estimation of the solution accuracy of an elliptic boundary-value problem on the problem data and estimation algorithm parameters

Based on numerical experiments, we analyzed the relationship between the efficiency of the error estimation method proposed by S.I. Repin for approximate solutions of elliptical equations and the problem data and estimation algorithm parameters used.     

激光雷达地面目标姿态估计

激光雷达距离像能表征目标的几何结构,而同一目标不同姿态的距离图像差别较大,因此目标姿态的准确估计对目标识别尤为重要。Ulf Grenander的模式理论利用变形模板表示观测图像,目标姿态变化引起刚性模板的变形用特殊正交群矩阵表示,在贝叶斯估计框架下,用跳扩散过程从后验密度中取样,以希尔伯特-施密特范数作为误差特性,对目标姿态进行估计,并分析误差性能。针对激光雷达距离像基于地面目标进行研究,利用Grenander的模式理论,在不同载噪比情况下对车辆姿态进行估计。通过对姿态估计误差的分析,表明该算法能够较准确地估计目标的姿态。     

Improving motion estimation by accounting for local image distortion

Cardiac elastography is a useful diagnostic technique for detection of heart function abnormalities, based on analysis of echocardiograms. The analysis of the regional heart motion allows assessing the extent of myocardial ischemia and infarction. In this paper, a new two-stage algorithm for cardiac motion estimation is proposed, where the data is taken from a sequence of 2D echocardiograms. The method combines the advantages of block-matching and optical flow techniques. The first stage employs a standard block-matching algorithm (sum of absolute differences) to provide a displacement estimate with accuracy of up to one pixel. At the second stage, this estimate is corrected by estimating the parameters of a local image transform within a test window. The parameters of the image transform are estimated in the least-square sense. In order to account for typical heart motions, like contraction/expansion, translation and rotation, a local affine model is assumed within the test window. The accuracy of the new algorithm is evaluated using a sequence of 500 grayscale B-mode images, which are generated as distorted, but known copies of an original ROI, taken from a real echocardiogram. The accuracy of the motion estimation is expressed in terms of errors: maximum absolute error, root-mean-square error, average error and standard deviation. The errors of the proposed algorithm are compared with these of the known block-matching technique with cross-correlation and interpolation in the sub-pixel space. Statistical analysis of the errors shows that the proposed algorithm provides more accurate estimates of the heart motion than the cross-correlation technique with interpolation in the sub-pixel space.     

一种脉冲星周期的时域估计新方法

脉冲星信号的周期估计在脉冲星搜索、观测以及定时研究中具有重要作用.在分析脉冲星周期频域识别方法的基础上,基于脉冲星观测信号的二阶循环平稳模型,提出了一种周期估计的时域新方法-----最大相关方差搜索法.通过对观测信号按假定周期(可变)分组,计算分组后不同时刻的相关系数,进一步得到系数的方差,然后寻找不同周期下的方差最大值,即可得到脉冲星的辐射周期估计.分别对单峰脉冲星(PSRJ0437-4715)的实测信号、双峰脉冲星(PSRB1821-24)的仿真信号以及ATNFEPN数据库中的多颗脉冲星数据进行了周期估计,均得到了令人满意的结果.对众多脉冲星的计算结果表明,与傅里叶频谱法相比,该时域方法对噪声不敏感,尤其在低信噪比情况下仍表现出较优越的性能;与双谱相干统计量方法^[6]相比,运算复杂度更低;尽管其在处理非连续观测数据时能力不足,但仍然可为微弱脉冲星的实时周期估计提供有力参考.