一种高精度的非迭代位姿估计方法

针对增量式运动结构恢复中相机内参数未标定情况下位姿估计问题,提出一种高精度的非迭代位姿求解方法。根据针孔成像模型,构建了相机内参数未标定位姿估计问题描述方程,使用单位四元数对旋转矩阵进行参数化,并根据四重轴对称现象对旋转矩阵进行分解,通过最小二乘原理构建目标函数后,利用一阶最优化条件建立了关于旋转矩阵参数的二元多项式方程组,使用Gr9bner基求解该方程组得到旋转参数的闭合解,进而获得相机的位姿参数和焦距。该算法的计算复杂度为O(n),实验验证了其有效性、高精度和高数值稳定性。     

折反射全向相机镜面位姿的自标定方法

在已知镜面和透视相机参数的情况下,提出一种不需要任何其他标定物的折反射全向相机镜面位姿的自标定算法,只需要折反射相机采集任意一幅图像即可估计出反射镜面与透视相机之间的旋转和平移。利用镜面外边缘所成的像,通过平面圆位姿估算方法获得两个候选位姿;再利用透视相机镜头边缘的成像,同时进行镜头边缘参数估计和镜面位姿选择。该标定方法操作简单,精度高,适用于非单视点相机的标定。仿真和真图实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于三线阵CCD空间目标的高精度位姿解算

为了解决三线阵CCD空间目标位姿测量的精度问题,提出一种高精度位姿解算方法。该算法将所有线阵CCD相机的坐标系进行统一化处理。通过建立一个新的误差评价函数,运用改进的正交迭代算法求解位姿参数,并进行非线性优化。仿真和实际测量结果表明,该算法有效避免了因数据恶化或初值选取等因素造成的不收敛或收敛差的问题。与传统算法相比,该算法测量精度和抗噪特性均得到有效改善,计算效率提高了4.6倍,实际测量的6个自由度的最大相对误差为0.71%。该测量系统可实现对空间目标的高精度实时测量,且具有安装方便、应用范围广等优点。     

基于位姿约束的大视场双目视觉标定算法

为了提高大视场、远距离的双目摄像机标定精度,提出一种基于位姿约束的摄像机标定算法。该方法利用双目摄像机之间的三维位姿关系是刚体变换这一属性,标定出左、右摄像机相对位姿的外部参数。利用相对位姿为约束条件求取摄像机的初始内部参数,剔除较大的重投影误差值对应的标定图像组,重复迭代直至重投影误差平均值小于指定值,得到多个待优化的摄像机内部参数。再将最后标定图像组的角点坐标、待优化的摄像机内部参数和相应的外部参数,建立一个以角点三维重构坐标值与实际设定角点三维坐标值的模均值为最小的目标函数,求解出双目摄像机标定参数的最优解。该方法很好地解决了误差大的标定图像造成的影响,且充分利用了双目摄像机之间的位姿约束关系。通过仿真和标定实验可以看出,本文方法可以实现大视场双目摄像机的高精度标定。     

基于可控旋转的像机高精度标定技术

提出了一种基于可控旋转的主动视觉标定方法,通过控制像机围绕光心(或光心附近)做旋转运动,能够将等效焦距与其他参数分离开来,求解精确的等效焦距。该方法需要控制像机绕其坐标轴进行两次旋转以标定横纵等效焦距。当采用横纵等效焦距相等并且图像主点取为图像中心的简化成像模型时,只需要一次旋转运动即可标定像机线性参数。在此基础上提出了传统标定方法和基于可控旋转方法相结合的像机标定技术,控制摄像机拍摄空间坐标已知的标定块并做一定的旋转运动,从而高精度标定包含像差系数的像机内外参数。实验表明,使用基于可控旋转运动标定方法得到的像机参数进行位姿测量时达到了很高的精度。     

相机位姿估计的加权正交迭代算法

在相机位姿估计的实际应用中,参考点的坐标数据不可避免地包含了测量误差,其量值大小通常不会完全一致,如果不区别测量误差直接进行相机位姿估计,将可能导致估计结果与真值相差甚远。为此,在广泛应用的正交迭代算法基础上,提出了相机位姿估计的加权正交迭代算法,该方法以加权共线误差为目标函数,根据像面重投影误差确定权重系数取值,优化相机位姿估计结果,具有精度高、稳健性好等优点,且满足全局收敛条件。数值仿真实验与风洞迎角实验的结果表明,本文算法更加有效,能够抑制不同程度测量误差对相机位姿估计结果的影响,所得结果明显优于正交迭代算法,具有较强的工程实用价值。     

单摄像机立体视觉测量系统的高精度变焦标定技术

针对现有用于光学测量的双目变焦系统标定方法难度大、测量精度受限于两摄像机内参一致性等问题。提出一种基于单摄像机的平行双目立体视觉系统实现及其高精度变焦标定方法。方法基于三角测量原理采集图像,利用高精度位移台驱动单摄像机进行平移以保证基线精度;求解离散焦距下的预标定结果并利用BP神经网络模型对其进行拟合,以实现任意焦距下系统内外参数动态估计。实验结果表明,系统预标定的重投影误差小于0.1664 pixel,变焦后图像畸变校正平均误差为0.0982 pixel,立体视觉测量尺寸绝对误差小于0.05mm。方法能弥补传统变焦标定方法的不足,消除双目内参不一致引入的误差,提高视觉系统的测量精度。     

结构光测量技术中的投影仪标定算法

详细介绍了投影机模型,并提出一种简单、高精度的投影仪参数标定算法,该算法将投影仪当作一个逆向的相机,使用一块带有圆形标志点的平面标定板对投影仪进行标定.标定过程中,使用两组不同方向的光栅图像建立投影仪图像和相机图像的对应关系,从而得到投影仪标定所需的图像数据,将投影仪标定转化为成熟的相机标定,然后使用相机标定算法对投影仪进行高精度标定.实验结果表明,所提议的投影仪标定算法操作过程简单,标定精度可达0.312 pixel.     

基于ICP算法的双目标定改进方法研究

双目视觉作为一种非接触三维(3D)测量技术,其位姿标定结果的好坏将直接影响3D物体测量的精度。基于迭代最近点(ICP)算法获得两组点集之间平移和旋转参数的原理,提出了一种在传统双目位姿标定结果的基础上补偿双目标定矩阵改善精度的方法。介绍了摄像机模型、双目视觉测量模型和ICP算法的基本思想。用双目摄像机标定的外参数和相同的靶标坐标系获得双目视觉位姿矩阵,在此提出基于ICP算法获得两组点集的旋转平移矩阵补偿双目位姿矩阵的方法,以及相应的靶标角点坐标投影误差分析模型。双目摄像机采集9组5×7个角点的靶标标定图像,应用ICP算法补偿双目位姿矩阵,并采用误差模型对9组标定结果进行了分析,双目结构光标定改进实验结果表明,应用ICP算法补偿双目标定模型能显著地提高双目标定的精度。     

未知畸变参数时多视图三维重建相对位姿估计方法

针对多视图三维重建中畸变影像的相对姿态估计问题,提出了一种高精度的鲁棒性估计方法.根据对极几何关系,推导了畸变中心未知时的畸变基础矩阵表达模型.在系数矩阵中引入加权矩阵,控制参与估计的匹配对应点,通过奇异值分解估计畸变基础矩阵.根据加权矩阵更新准则对加权矩阵进行更新,然后进行迭代计算,比较前后两次估计得到的内点数目及平均极线距离,得到畸变基础矩阵的最优解,并判断是否需要继续迭代.在得到最优畸变基础矩阵后,再分别对畸变中心、畸变参数以及焦距进行估计.仿真和真实实验表明该方法能有效提高相对姿态鲁棒估计速度,在噪声均方差为2.5时,畸变参数误差均值小于2%,焦距估计误差小于3.5%.     

Single image motion deblurring: An accurate PSF estimation and ringing reduction

In this paper we have proposed a single image motion deblurring algorithm that is based on a novel use of dual Fourier spectrum combined with bit plane slicing algorithm and Radon transform (RT) for accurate estimation of PSF parameters such as, blur length and blur angle. Even after very accurate PSF estimation, the deconvolution algorithms tend to introduce ringing artifacts at boundaries and near strong edges. To prevent this post deconvolution effect, a post processing method is also proposed in the framework of traditional Richardson–Lucy (RL) deconvolution algorithm. Experimental results evaluated on the basis of both qualitative and quantitative (PSNR, SSIM) metrics, verified on the dataset of both grayscale and color blurred images show that the proposed method outperforms the existing algorithms for removal of uniform blur. A comparison with state-of-the-art methods proves the usefulness of the proposed algorithm for deblurring real-life images/photographs.     

基于角度约束的目标位姿测量二义性剔除方法

为了有效解决单圆特征目标位姿解存在二义性的问题,提出了基于角度约束的目标位姿虚假解的消除方法。在相机标定好的前提下,在水平面上平移相机系统获得两幅或两幅以上具有圆特征的目标物图像,以圆形特征目标物的真实姿态角在相机坐标系下保持不变作为约束,可以有效剔除虚假解。可将该方法应用于末端安装摄像机的工业机器人,操控机器人做已知的平移运动从而有效剔除圆特征目标位姿的虚假解。通过实验验证,圆特征目标姿态角的绝对误差小于0.5°,然后可通过真实姿态选出对应目标的真实位置。该方法简单易行,不需要额外的高昂设备就能精确地定位出物体的真实位姿,成功率可达100%。     

A robust and accurate center-frequency estimation (RACE) algorithm for improving motion estimation performance of SinMod on tagged cardiac MR images without known tagging parameters

A robust and accurate center-frequency (CF) estimation (RACE) algorithm for improving the performance of the local sine-wave modeling (SinMod) method, which is a good motion estimation method for tagged cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images, is proposed in this study. The RACE algorithm can automatically, effectively and efficiently produce a very appropriate CF estimate for the SinMod method, under the circumstance that the specified tagging parameters are unknown, on account of the following two key techniques: (1) the well-known mean-shift algorithm, which can provide accurate and rapid CF estimation; and (2) an original two-direction-combination strategy, which can further enhance the accuracy and robustness of CF estimation. Some other available CF estimation algorithms are brought out for comparison. Several validation approaches that can work on the real data without ground truths are specially designed. Experimental results on human body in vivo cardiac data demonstrate the significance of accurate CF estimation for SinMod, and validate the effectiveness of RACE in facilitating the motion estimation performance of SinMod.     

Real-time camera pose estimation based on volleyball court view

The use of technology in sports has increased in recent years. One of the most influential of these technologies is referee support systems. Team sports such as volleyball require accurate and robust tracking systems that do not affect either the players or the court. This paper introduces the application of intrinsic and extrinsic camera calibration in a 12-camera volleyball referee system. Intrinsic parameters are calculated by using the classic pinhole model and Zhang’s method. To perform extrinsic calibration in real time, the volleyball court is treated as a global calibration artifact. Calibration keypoints are defined as court-line intersections. In addition, a new keypoint detection algorithm is proposed. It enables achievement of an accurate camera pose in regard to the court. With all 12 cameras calibrated in a common coordinate system, a dynamic camera stereo pair creation is possible. Therefore, with known ball 2D image coordinates, the 3D real ball coordinates can be reconstructed and the ball trajectory can be estimated. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a synthetic data set, including 3Ds Max rendering and real data scenarios. The mean camera pose error calculated for data biased with keypoint detection errors is approximately equal to 0.013% of the measurement volume. For the real data experiment with a human hand phantom, it is possible to determine the presence of the human phantom on the basis of the ball reflection attitude.     

Extended gravitational pose estimation

The model-to-image registration problem is a problem of determining the position and orientation (the pose) of a three-dimensional object with respect to a camera coordinate system. When there is no additional information available to constrain the pose of the object and to constrain the correspondence of object features to image features, the problem is also known as simultaneous pose and correspondence problem, or correspondenceless pose estimation problem. In this paper, we present a new algorithm, called extended gravitational pose estimation (EGPE), for determining the pose and correspondence simultaneously. The algorithm is based on gravitational pose estimation (GPE) algorithm. In our algorithm, the original GPE has been revised to deal with the problem with false image points. For problems with both occluded object points and false image points, we firstly applied single-link agglomerative clustering algorithm to pick out occluded object points when a local minimum has been found, then the revised GPE is applied again on the clustering result to update rotation and translation of the object model. EGPE has been verified on both synthetic images and real images. Empirical results show that EGPE is faster, more stable and reliable than most current algorithms, and can be used in real applications.     

Investigation and optimization of sampling characteristics of light field camera for flame temperature measurement

It is essential to investigate the light field camera parameters for the accurate flame temperature measurement because the sampling characteristics of the flame radiation can be varied with them. In this study, novel indices of the light field camera were proposed to investigate the directional and spatial sampling characteristics of the flame radiation. Effects of light field camera parameters such as focal length and magnification of the main lens, focal length and magnification of the microlens were investigated. It was observed that the sampling characteristics of the flame are varied with the different parameters of the light field camera. The optimized parameters of the light field camera were then proposed for the flame radiation sampling. The larger sampling angle(23 times larger) is achieved by the optimized parameters compared to the commercial light field camera parameters. A non-negative least square(NNLS) algorithm was used to reconstruct the flame temperature. The reconstruction accuracy was also evaluated by the optimized parameters. The results suggested that the optimized parameters can provide higher reconstruction accuracy for axisymmetric and non-symmetric flame conditions in comparison to the commercial light field camera.     

基于直线的射影不变性和极线约束标定摄像机参数

提出一种用图像对标定摄像机参数的新方法。传统自标定方法需要先由图像特征计算基础矩阵,该方法则是从图像中提取一组未知长度和长度比的平行直线,以图像中心坐标为主点初值,利用直线的射影不变性先求得摄像机焦距、旋转矩阵和平移向量的初值;再由图像对固有的极线约束来优化摄像机的参数,从而得到高精度的主点、焦距、旋转矩阵和平移向量。使用该方法对图像目标进行三维重建,仿真实验表明：该方法对场景要求较少,原理简单,方法易行,标定摄像机参数精度较高。     

目标跟踪与定位中的视觉标定算法研究

目标跟踪与定位中的一个重要步骤就是摄像机标定,其目的是估计摄像机的外部和内部参数。在严格的几何约束关系之上建立准确的数学模型,提出一种快速得到摄像机中心的方法,然后通过合理的求解次序获得其他摄像机参数,保证了标定参数的精度。利用计算出来的标定参数校正失真图像中的各个像素位置以重新得到像素间原来的空间关系,从而产生精确的不失真图像,并且利用摄像机标定参数对标定模板上的点进行位置计算后,再和实际位置比较进行检验。图像的校正效果实验以及精度验算的结果表明：提出的算法得到了准确可靠的标定参数,和其他算法相比有效提高了精度,能够满足运动跟踪时目标特征位置估计的精度要求。     

基于语义先验和几何约束的动态场景SLAM算法北大核心CSCD

实际场景中运动物体的特征点加入到相机位姿计算中,以及静态环境特征点过度稀疏都会导致移动机器人传统视觉同步定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)算法在位姿估计时精度低、鲁棒性差。设计了基于分支空洞卷积的双边语义分割算法,将环境区分为潜在运动区域和静态区域;结合几何约束进行静态特征点的二次判断及对没有先验动态标记而具有移动性的特征点的判断,并在事先均匀提取的全部特征点中进行移除,只应用静态特征点求解相机位姿和构建静态环境地图。在TUM公共数据集上进行实验,验证了提出算法在动态环境中SLAM的定位精度明显优于现有其他方法。在存在运动物体的真实环境下进行建图实验,与ORB-SLAM2算法进行对比,本文算法在动态场景中构建的地图更清晰。